Sverdlovsk Oblast (English) Свердловская область (Russian)
Location of Sverdlovsk Oblast in Russia
Coat of Arms	Flag
Coat of arms of Sverdlovsk Oblast	Flag of Sverdlovsk Oblast
Anthem: none
Administrative center	Yekaterinburg
Established	January 17, 1934
Political status Federal district Economic region	Oblast Urals Urals
Code	66
Area
Area - Rank within Russia	194,800 km² 17th
Population (as of the 2002 Census)
Population - Rank within Russia - Density - Urban - Rural	4,486,214 inhabitants 5th 23 inhab. / km² 87.9% 12.1%
Official language	Russian
Government
Governor	Eduard Rossel
Chairman of the Government	Viktor Koksharov
Legislative body	Legislative Assembly
Charter	Charter of Sverdlovsk Oblast
Official website
http://www.midural.ru/

Sverdlovsk Oblast (Russian: Свердло́вская о́бласть, Sverdlovskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) located in the Urals Federal District. Given that the bulk of the oblast lies on the Asian side of the Urals (only its south-western extremity is on the European side of the mountains) it should be recognized as the most populous oblast within Asian Russia. Heraldry in its most general sense encompasses all matters relating to the duties and responsibilities of officers of arms. ... For other uses, see Flag (disambiguation). ... Image File history File links Coat_of_Arms_of_Sverdlovsk_oblast_(2005). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sverdlovsk_Oblast. ... A national anthem is a generally patriotic musical composition that evokes and eulogizes the history, traditions and struggles of its people, recognized either by a countrys government as the official national song, or by convention through use by the people. ... Yekaterinburg (Russian: , also romanized Ekaterinburg, formerly Sverdlovsk) is a major city in the central part of Russia, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast. ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display full 1934 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Russia is a federation which consists of 86 subjects[1]. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). ... All of the federal subjects of Russia are grouped into seven federal districts (Russian: , sing. ... Russia is divided into eleven economic regions (Russian: экономические районы, sing. ... The Russian Federation is divided into 89 subjects (administrative units), 49 of which are oblasts: Amur Arkhangelsk Astrakhan Belgorod Bryansk Chelyabinsk Chita Irkutsk Ivanovo Kaliningrad Kaluga Kamchatka Kemerovo Kirov Kostroma Kurgan Kursk Leningrad Lipetsk Magadan Moscow Murmansk Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod Novosibirsk Omsk Orenburg Oryol Penza Perm Pskov Rostov Ryazan Sakhalin... Urals Federal District (Russian: Ура́льский федера́льный о́круг; tr. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Here is a list of the 88 federal subjects of Russia in order of size. ... Square kilometre (U.S. spelling: square kilometer), symbol km², is a decimal multiple of SI unit of surface area square metre, one of the SI derived units. ... Russian Census of 2002 (Russian: ) was the first census of Russian Federation carried out on October 9, 2002. ... Here is a list of the 85* federal subjects of Russia in order of population according to the 2002 Census. ... Eduard Ergartovich Rossel (Эдуард Эргартович Россель) is the governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast, an oblast in Russia. ... A Legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to create, amend and ratify laws. ... This is a list of articles about the fundamental constitutional laws, known as Basic Laws, of various jurisdictions. ... A website (alternatively, web site or Web site) is a collection of Web pages, images, videos or other digital assets that is hosted on one or more web servers, usually accessible via the Internet. ... Russia is a federation which consists of 86 subjects[1]. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). ... Oblast (Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasÅ¥, Russian and Ukrainian: , Belarusian: , Bulgarian: о́бласт) refers to a subnational entity in some countries. ... Urals Federal District (Russian: Ура́льский федера́льный о́круг; tr. ... Map of the Ural Mountains The Ural Mountains (Russian: , Uralskiye gory) (also known as the Urals, the Riphean Mountains in Greco-Roman antiquity, and known as the Stone Belt) are a mountain range that runs roughly north and south through western Russia. ...

Its administrative center is the city of Yekaterinburg (pop. 1,293,537), formerly named Sverdlovsk. Other large cities and towns include Nizhny Tagil (pop. 390,498), Kamensk-Uralsky (pop. 186,153), Pervouralsk (pop. 147,116), and Serov (pop. 99,804). Types of inhabited localities in Russia, Soviet Union, and some other post-Soviet states have certain peculiarities with respect to the English language traditions. ... Yekaterinburg (Russian: , also romanized Ekaterinburg, formerly Sverdlovsk) is a major city in the central part of Russia, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast. ... Coat of arms of the city Nizhny Tagil (Russian: ) is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, at ). Population: 390,498 (2002 Census). ... Kamensk-Uralsky (Russian: ) is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Kamenka and Iset Rivers (Ob basin). ... Welcome to Pervouralsk! Pervouralsk (Russian: ), which may be translated as the first in the Urals, is a city in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. ... For other uses, see Serov. ...

Former Russian president Boris Yeltsin was born on February 1, 1931, in the village of Butka of Sverdlovsk Oblast. “Yeltsin” redirects here. ... is the 32nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Geography

Most of the oblast lies on the Eastern slopes of the Middle and North Urals and the Western Siberian Plain. Only in the southwest does the Sverdlovsk oblast stretch onto the Western slopes of the Ural mountains. Western Siberian plain Seen from the Trans-Siberian railway outside Tatarskaya The West Siberian Plain (Russian: За́падно-Сиби́рская равни́на) is a large plain that occupies the western portion of Siberia in Russia, between the Ural Mountains in the west and the Yenisei River in the east, and by the Eastern Sayan Mountains and...

The highest mountains all rise in the North Urals (Konzhakovsky Kamen' at 1,569 m and Denezhkin Kamen at 1,492 m). The Middle Urals is mostly hilly country with no discernible peaks; the mean elevation is closer to 300-500 m above the sea level. Principal rivers include the Tavda, the Tura, the Chusovaya, and the Ufa, the latter two being tributaries of the Kama. The Tavda River (Russian: Тавда) is a river in Sverdlovsk Oblast and Tyumen Oblast in Russia, Tobols left tributary. ... Tura (Тура́), river in Russia, left tributary of Tobol. ... The Chusovaya River (Чусовая in Russian), a river in the Sverdlovsk Oblast and Perm Oblast in Russia, a tributary of the Kama River. ... The Ufa River (Уфа in Russian), a river in the Urals, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Sverdlovsk Oblast and Bashkortostan; a tributary of the Belaya River. ... Kama (Russian: ; Tatar: Çulman) is a river in Russia, the longest left tributary of the Volga. ...

Sverdlovsk Oblast borders on, clockwise from the West, Russia's Perm Krai, Komi Republic, Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug, Tyumen Oblast, Kurgan, and Chelyabinsk Oblasts, and the Republic of Bashkortostan. Perm Krai (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. ... Capital Syktyvkar Area - total - % water Ranked 15th - 415,900 km² - negligible Population - Total - Density Ranked 54th - est. ... Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug—Yugra (Russian: ), or Khantia-Mansia, is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast). ... Tyumen Oblast Coat of Arms Tyumen Oblast flag Tyumen Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast) in Urals Federal District. ... Kurgan Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ... Chelyabinsk Oblast (Russian: , Chelyabinskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ... The Republic of Bashkortostan, or Bashkiria (Russian: or ; Bashkir: ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ...

Time zone

Sverdlovsk Oblast is located in the Yekaterinburg Time Zone (YEKT, UTC+5 / YEKST UTC+6). Image File history File links RTZ4. ... There are eleven time zones in Russia from UTC+2 to UTC+12—more than in any other country of the world. ... UTC +5 is the timezone for : Pakistan Standard Time in Pakistan. ... UTC +6 is the timezone for : Bhutan Time Generic UTC+6 in other countries. ...

Natural resources

The oblast is rich in natural resources, particularly in metals (iron, copper, gold, platinum), minerals (asbestos, gemstones, talcum), marble and coal. It is mostly here that the bulk of Russian industry was concentrated in the 18th and 19th centuries. General Name, symbol, number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, period, block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ... For other uses, see Copper (disambiguation). ... GOLD refers to one of the following: GOLD (IEEE) is an IEEE program designed to garner more student members at the university level (Graduates of the Last Decade). ... General Name, Symbol, Number platinum, Pt, 78 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 6, d Appearance grayish white Standard atomic weight 195. ... For other uses, see Asbestos (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Gemstone (disambiguation). ... Talc block Talc is a mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula H2Mg3(SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. ... For other uses, see Marble (disambiguation). ... Coal Example chemical structure of coal Coal is a fossil fuel formed in ecosystems where plant remains were saved by water and mud from oxidization and biodegradation. ...

Climate

The area enjoys continental climate patterns, with long cold winters (average temperatures reaching 15 to 25 degrees below zero on the Western Siberian Plain) and short warm summers. Only in the SE of the oblast do temperatures reach 17 degrees in July. Regions containing a continental climate exist in portions of Northern Hemisphere continents, and also at higher elevations in certain other parts of the world. ...

Administrative divisions

Main article: Administrative divisions of Sverdlovsk Oblast

Towns under the federal government management: Novouralsk (Новоуральск) with 1 selsovet under the towns jurisdiction. ...

Demographics

Population (2002):
4,486,214 (urban: 3,943,529, rural: 542,685)

Ethnic groups: There were twenty-one recognised ethnic groups of more than two thousand persons each. Residents identified themselves as belonging to a total of 148 different ethnic groups, including • 4,002,815 Russians:(89.22%); • 168,121 Tatars:(3.75%); • 55,478 Ukrainians:(1.24%); • 37,296 Bashkirs:(0.83%); • 27,863 Mari:(0.62%); • 22,540 Germans:(0.50%); • 18,541 Belarusians:(0.41%); • 17,903 Udmurts:(0.40%); • 15,171 Azeris:(0.34%); • 11,510 Chuvash:(0.26%); • 11,093 Armenians:(0.25%); • 9,702 Mordovians:(0.22%); • 6,810 Jews:(0.15%); • 6,125 Tajiks:(0.14%); • 4,403 Kazakhs:(0.10%); • 4,019 Roma:(0.09%); • 3,836 Uzbeks:(0.08%); • 2,930 Moldovans:(0.07%); • 2,651 Georgians:(0.06%); • 2,435 Chinese:(0.05%); • 2,147 Poles:(0.05%), and many other ethnic groups of less than two thousand persons each. In addition, 28,957 residents (0.65%) chose not to specify their ethnic background.^[1] This article is about the people. ... The Bashkirs, a Turkic people, live in Russia, mostly in the republic of Bashkortostan. ... Mari may refer to: Ethnic Mari El, a republic of Russian Federation Mari language, Finno-Ugric language Mari people, a Volga-Finnic people People Mari (composer), a video game music composer Mari (singer), a female vocalist Saint Mari, a Christian saint Other Mari (goddess), the main divinity of pre-Christian... Udmurts are Finno-Ugric people that speak the Udmurt language. ... Aside from a large Azeri community that is native to Russias Dagestan Republic, the majority of Azeris in Russia are fairly recent immigrants. ... The Chuvash are a bunch of pakis . ... The Mordvins (Mordva) are a people who speak languages of the Finno-Volgaic branch of the Finno-Ugric language family. ... Languages Historical Jewish languages Hebrew, Yiddish, Ladino, others Liturgical languages: Hebrew and Aramaic Predominant spoken languages: The vernacular language of the home nation in the Diaspora, significantly including English, Hebrew, Yiddish, and Russian Religions Judaism Related ethnic groups Arabs and other Semitic groups For the Jewish religion, see Judaism. ... Languages Persian Religions Islam (predominantly Sunni (Hanafi), with Shia (Twelver and Ismaili) minorities) Tājik (Persian: ; UniPers: Tâjik; Tajik: ) is a term generally applied to Persian-speaking peoples of Iranian origin living east and northeast of present-day Iran. ... Language(s) Kazakh, Russian (and/or languages in country of residence) Religion(s) Sunni Islam The Kazakhs (also spelled Kazaks, Qazaqs; Kazakh: Қазақтар IPA: ; Russian: Казахи; the English name is transliterated from Russian) are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia (largely Kazakhstan, but also found in parts of... Language(s) Romani, languages of native region Religion(s) Romanipen, combined with assimilations from local religions Related ethnic groups South Asians (Desi) This article is about the Indo-Aryan ethnic group. ...

History

This section does not cite any references or sources. (November 2007) Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

Russian conquest of the Khanate of Kazan in the 1550s paved the way further east which was now free from Tatar depredations (see Yermak Timofeyevich). The first surviving Russian settlements in the area date back to the late 16th — early 17th centuries (Verkhoturye, 1598; Turinsk, 1600; Irbit, 1633; Alapayevsk, 1639). In the 18th and 19th centuries the area became the industrial heartland of Russia due to its rich deposits of iron and coal (see above). Local industry received another impetus during the World War II when important producing facilities were relocated here from the European part of Russia to safeguard them from the advancing Germans (for example, IMZ-Ural). In the postwar period much of the region was off-limits to foreigners and it was over Sverdlovsk that the American pilot Gary Powers was shot down on May 1, 1960, while on a reconnaissance mission. Another historic event that took place in Yekaterinburg was the execution of Nicholas II of Russia and the Imperial family in July 1918. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Map of Kazan Khanate, early 1500s The Kazan Khanate (Tatar: Qazan xanlığı; Russian: Казанское ханство) (1438-1552) was a Tatar state on the territory of former Volga Bulgaria with its capital in Kazan. ... Historically, the term Tatar (or Tartar) has been ambiguously used by Europeans to refer to many different peoples of Inner Asia and Northern Asia. ... Yermak Yermak Timofeyevich (Russian: Ерма́к Тимофе́евич, also Ermak) (born between 1532 and 1542 – August 5 or 6, 1585), Cossack leader and explorer of Siberia. ... Coat of arms of Irbit Irbit (Russian: ) is a town in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... Ural logo IMZ - Irbitskiy Mototsikletniy Zavod (Ирбитский мотоциклетный завод = ИМЗ) is a Russian maker of heavy motorcycles (especially with sidecars). ... Photograph of snow-covered Yekaterinburg Yekaterinburgs Church on the Blood, built on the spot where the Tsar and his family were murdered. ... Francis Gary Powers with a model of the U-2. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1960 (MCMLX) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Yekaterinburg (Russian: , also romanized Ekaterinburg, formerly Sverdlovsk) is a major city in the central part of Russia, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast. ... Nicholas II redirects here. ...

In 1993, governor Eduard Rossel responded to perceived economic inequality by attempting to create a "Urals Republic." Sverdlovsk led the "Urals Five" (Kurgan Oblast, Orenburg Oblast, Perm Krai, Chelyabinsk Oblast and Sverdlovsk) in a call for greater regional power. They argued that the oblasts deserved as much power as the ethnic homeland republics. The Urals Republic Constitution went into effect on October 27, 1993. Russian President Boris Yeltsin dissolved the Urals Republic and Sverdlovsk Parliament 10 days later (on November 9). Eduard Ergartovich Rossel (Эдуард Эргартович Россель) is the governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast, an oblast in Russia. ... Kurgan Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ... Orenburg Oblast (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ... Perm Krai (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (a krai) that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. ... Chelyabinsk Oblast (Russian: , Chelyabinskaya oblast) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). ... The Russian Federation is divided into 89 subjects (administrative units), 49 of which are oblasts: Amur Arkhangelsk Astrakhan Belgorod Bryansk Chelyabinsk Chita Irkutsk Ivanovo Kaliningrad Kaluga Kamchatka Kemerovo Kirov Kostroma Kurgan Kursk Leningrad Lipetsk Magadan Moscow Murmansk Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod Novosibirsk Omsk Orenburg Oryol Penza Perm Pskov Rostov Ryazan Sakhalin... The Russian Federation is divided into 88 federal subjects (constituent units), 21 of which are republics. ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... “Yeltsin” redirects here. ... is the 313th day of the year (314th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Politics

This section does not cite any references or sources. (November 2007) Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unverifiable material may be challenged and removed.

The oblast's current Governor is Eduard Rossel, one of the most prominent regional politicians in Russia. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Eduard Ergartovich Rossel (Эдуард Эргартович Россель) is the governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast, an oblast in Russia. ...

The oblast's Charter, or Constitution (Russian: Устав; Ustav), adopted on December 17, 1994, with subsequent amendments, establishes the oblast government. The Governor (губернатор; gubernator)is the chief executive, who appoints the Government, consisting of ministries and departments. The Chairman/President of the Government (председатель правительства; predsedatel pravitelstva), commonly referred to as the Prime Minister, is appointed with the consent of the lower house of the legislature, a process similar to the appointment of the federal Prime Minister; but the Governor cannot nominate the same candidate more than twice, yet he/she can dismiss the house after three failed attempts to appoint the Premier. The Legislative Assembly (законодательное собрание; zakonodatelnoye sobraniye) consists of the Oblast Duma (областная дума; oblastnaya duma), the lower house, and the House of Representatives (палата представителей; palata predstaviteley), the upper house. Members of the legislature serve four-year terms; however, half of the Duma is re-elected every two years. The Duma (28 members) is elected by party lists; the 21 members of the House of Representatives are elected in single-seat districts in a first-past-the-post system. The Sverdlovsk Legislative Assembly was the first bicameral legislature outside an autonomous republic, and the first regional legislature in Russia to elect members by both party lists and single-seat districts. December 17 is the 351st day of the year (352nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... A Legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to create, amend and ratify laws. ... The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, (Russian: Председатель Правительства Российской Федерации) unofficially called the Prime-Minister (though such term is not present in the Russian Constitution) is the current Head of Government of the Russian Federation. ...

Compliance with the Charter is enforced by the Charter/Constitutional Court (уставный суд; ustavny sud). The existence of such regional courts in Russia, formed and functioning outside the federal judiciary, although challenged, has been upheld and persisted successfully in most constituent members of the Federation where they were established.

Until President Putin's reforms of 2004, the Governor was elected by direct vote for four-year terms. Eduard Rossel has been the only elected governor (first elected governor for an oblast in Russia) since 1995 (appointed in 1991 and dismissed in 1993 by President Yeltsin), re-elected in 1999 and 2003. Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin (Russian: Russian pronunciation: ) (born October 7, 1952, in Leningrad, U.S.S.R., now Saint Petersburg, Russia) is a Russian politician who was the 2nd President of the Russian Federation from 2000 to 2008. ... Eduard Ergartovich Rossel (Эдуард Эргартович Россель) is the governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast, an oblast in Russia. ... “Yeltsin” redirects here. ...

Economy and transportation

The oblast's industry is diverse although could be more modern. 12% of Russia's iron and steel industry is still concentrated in Sverdlovsk oblast. Iron and copper are mined and processed here and the logging industry and wood-processing are important, too.

Yekaterinburg is a prominent road, rail and air hub in the Urals region. As the economic slump subsides, several European airlines started or resumed flights to the city. These include Lufthansa, British Airways, CSA, Turkish Airlines, Austrian Airlines and Finnair. Malév Hungarian Airlines used to be among those carriers but they had to drop their flights to SVX (IATA airport code for Sverdlovsk) after a few months. Yekaterinburg (Russian: , also romanized Ekaterinburg, formerly Sverdlovsk) is a major city in the central part of Russia, the administrative center of Sverdlovsk Oblast. ... Deutsche Lufthansa AG (ISIN: DE0008232125) (pronounced ) is the largest airline in Europe in terms of overall passengers carried (second is Air France - KLM), and the flag carrier of Germany. ... For the 1930s airline of similar name, see British Airways Ltd. ... CSA Czech Airlines (in Czech: ÄŒeské aerolinie (abbreviation: ÄŒSA) is the Czech national airline company, and former national carrier of Czechoslovakia based at RuzynÄ› International Airport, Prague. ... Turkish Airlines, Inc. ... Airbus A320 Fokker 70 (superseded colour scheme) Airbus A321-100 landing Austrian Airlines AG is the flag carrier airline of Austria, headquartered in Vienna. ... Finnair is Finlands largest airline and the flag carrier. ... Malév Hungarian Airlines, (where Malév is an acronym of the Hungarian Magyar Légiközlekedési Vállalat), is the national airline of Hungary, based in Budapest. ... An IATA airport code, also known an IATA location identifier or simply a location identifier [1], is a three-letter code designating many airports around the world, defined by the International Air Transport Association (IATA). ...

Sister Cities

• Harbin, China

Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... Harbin on a map of China For other meanings of Harbin, see Harbin (disambiguation). ...

References

Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 201st day of the year (202nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• The Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sverdlovsk Oblast.

• (Russian) "Ykaterinburg-Urals" capital Information Portal
• (Russian) The Governor of Sverdlovsk Oblast official web site
• (Russian) The Government of Sverdlovsk Oblast official web site
• (English) Yekaterinburg Tourist Information Service
• (English) Yekaterinburg Information web-site
• (English) City Bogdanovich in the region Svedlovsk