This article is about the former State of Swat in Pakistan. For Swat valley, city or district, see Swat (Pakistan). For other uses, see Swat. Swat (Urdu: ریاست سوات) was a princely state which existed in the north of the modern North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan until it was dissolved in 1969. The Chief Commissioners Province of Baluchistan was a former province of Pakistan located in the northern parts of modern Balochistan province. ...
East Bengal was the name used during two periods in the 20th century for a territory that roughly included the modern state of Bangladesh. ...
The Federal Capital Territory (FCT) around Karachi was the original capital territory of Pakistan. ...
The Sind is a former province of Pakistan and British India which existed from 1936 to 1955. ...
The Punjab/ پنجاب province of Pakistan is part of the larger Punjab region. ...
A princely state is any state under the reign of a prince and is thus a principality taken in the broad sense. ...
This article details the former Pakistani region of the Baluchistan States Union. ...
Amb was a princely state in what is today the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. ...
The State of Bahawalpur was a princely state of the Punjab in what is now Pakistan, stretching along the southern bank of the Sutlej and Indus Rivers, with its capital city at Bahawalpur. ...
The State of Chitral, or ChitrÄl (Urdu: ریاست چترال), was a former princely state of Pakistan and British India which ceased to exist in 1969. ...
This article details the historical State of Dir Dir, see Dir The State of Dir was a small former princely state located in the modern North-West Frontier Province in Pakistan. ...
This article is about the former State of Hunza, for the main article see Hunza Valley Hunza (Urdu: ÛنزÛ) is a former princely state in the northernmost part of the Northern Areas of Pakistan, which existed until 1974. ...
State of Kalat or State of Qalat (Urdu: ریاست قلات) was a princely state located in the centre of the modern province of Balochistan. ...
This article is about the former State of Khayrpur. ...
The State of Kharan was an autonomous princely state of both British India and Pakistan, located in the southwest of modern Pakistan. ...
This article is about the former State of Las Bela. ...
The State of Makran was an autonomous princely state of both British India and Pakistan, which ceased to exist in 1955. ...
The State of Nagar is a former princely state in the northernmost part of the Northern Areas of Pakistan, which existed until 1974. ...
The State of Phulra was a minor princely state of both Pakistan and British India, located in the modern North-West Frontier Province. ...
Jhalawan (Urdu: جھلاوان ) state was located in Khuzdar District, Balochistan, Pakistan. ...
East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ...
West Pakistan was the popular and sometimes official (1955–1970) name of the western wing of Pakistan until 1971, when the eastern wing (East Pakistan) became independent as Bangladesh. ...
Gilgit Agency was the name of most of the area of northern Kashmir which formed a de facto dependency of Pakistan from 1947 to 1970, which was then merged into Northern Areas. ...
Political division of Kashmir The Trans-Karakoram Tract is an area of nearly 5,800 sq. ...
Marri- Bugti Country was tribal region during British Occupiation of Baluchistan. ...
The Divisions of Pakistan were previously the third tier of government in Pakistan until they were abolished in 2000. ...
Image File history File links Swat_Map. ...
Saidu Sharif is located at Swat, NWFP, Pakistan. ...
Pashto (‎, IPA: also known as Pakhto, Pushto, Pukhto ‎, Pashtoe, Pashtu, Pushtu or Pushtoo) is a language spoken by Pashtuns living in Afghanistan and western Pakistan. ...
Khowar is classified as a Dardic Language. ...
Swat (Pashto/Urdu: سوات) is a valley and a district in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan. ...
This article is about Special Weapons And Tactics. ...
Urdu ( , , trans. ...
A princely state is any state under the reign of a prince and is thus a principality taken in the broad sense. ...
The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) (Urdu: Å›imÄl maÄ¡ribÄ« sarhadÄ« sÅ«ba شمال مغربی سرØدی صوبÛ) is the smallest of the four main provinces of Pakistan. ...
[edit] History The Swat region has been inhabited for more than two thousand years and was known in ancient times as Udyana. The location of Swat made it an important stopping point for many invaders including Alexander the Great and Mahmud of Ghazni. The second century BCE saw Swat forming part of the Buddhist civilisation of Gandhara. Swat was a center of Hinayana Buddhism and of the Mahayana school that developed from it. The Chinese pilgrim Fa-Hsien, who visited the valley around 403 CE, mentions 500 monasteries. After him, Sun Yun (519 CE), Hsuan-tsang (630 CE), and Wu-kung (752 CE) visited Swat as well and praised the richness of the region, its favourable climate, the abundance of forest, flowers and fruit-trees and the respect in which Buddhism was held. Udyāna (Sanskrit, meaning garden or orchard; Chinese pinyin: wu chang, also romanized as Woo-chang) was a Buddhist region in northern India, delimited in part by the Indus river and to the south by a region known as Soo-ho-to. ...
For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ...
Mahmud and Ayaz The Sultan is to the right, shaking the hand of the sheykh, with Ayaz standing behind him. ...
BCE redirects here. ...
The History of Buddhism spans from the 6th century BCE to the present, starting with the birth of the Buddha Siddhartha Gautama. ...
GandhÄra (Sanskrit: गनà¥à¤§à¤¾à¤°, Persian; Gandara, Waihind) (Urdu: گندھارا) is the name of an ancient Indian Mahajanapada, currently in northern Pakistan (the North-West Frontier Province and parts of northern Punjab and Kashmir) and eastern Afghanistan. ...
Hinayana (Sanskrit: inferior vehicle; Chinese:小乘, Xiǎoshèng; Japanese: Shōjō) is a term coined by the Mahayana, which appeared publicly around the 1st century CE. There are differing views on the use and meaning of the term, both among scholars and within Buddhism. ...
A statue of the Sakyamuni Buddha in Tawang Gompa, India. ...
Relief image of the bodhisattva Kuan Yin from Mt. ...
Faxian (pinyin, Chinese characters: 法顯, also romanized as Fa-Hien or Fa-hsien) (ca. ...
Xuanzang, Dunhuang cave, 9th century. ...
The Kushan dynasty ruled for four centuries until it was over run by the White Huns in 5th century CE and the glory of the Gandhara era came to an end. Hsuan-tsang recorded the decline of Buddhism. According to him, of the 1400 monasteries that had supposedly been there, most were in ruins or had been abandoned. The monks still quoted from the scriptures but no longer understood them. There were grapes in abundance but cultivation of the fields was sparse. Boundary of the Kushan empire, c. ...
The Hephthalites or White Huns were a Central Asian nomadic confederation whose precise origins and composition remain obscure. ...
From the 8th century CE onwards, the Arabs started to exert pressure from the west in the Persian-Afghan region where the Hindu Shahi Dynasty still ruled. In 1001 CE, the Afghan ruler Mahmud of Ghazni began a series of invasions into India, conquering Swat amongst other areas and the Muslim period of Swat. Coin of the Shahi king Spalapati Deva, circa 750-900. ...
The modern area of Swat was ruled sporadically by religious leaders taking the title of Akhund. The Islamic State of Swat was established in 1849 under Sayyid Akbar Shah with Sharia remaining in force but the state was in abeyance from 1863 to 1915. The British recognised the state as a princely state in 1926. At partition in 1947, the ruler acceded the state to Pakistan whilst retaining considerable autonomy. The ruler of Swat was accorded a 15-gun hereditary salute in 1966 but this was soon followed by the abolition of the state in 1969. The royal status of the former ruler was abolished in 1972, but the former ruling family are still accorded a high degree of respect by the people of Swat. The present mayor of Swat district is the grandson of the last ruler, Miangul Jehanzeb. An akhoond, or akond, is a Muslim tutor and priest. ...
Jalauddin Akbar Jalaluddin Muhammad Akbár, (alternative spellings include Jellaladin) also known as Akbar the Great (Akbar-e-Azam) (October 15, 1542 – 1605) was the ruler of the Mughal Empire from the time of his accession in 1556 until 1605. ...
[edit] Demographics The people of Swat are mainly Pashtuns, Kohistanis and Gujars. Some have very distinct features and claim to be descendants of the army of Alexander the Great. Language(s) Pashto (plus second languages from countries of residence) Religion(s) Islam (predominantly Sunni) Pashtuns (Pashto/Urdu/Persian: or پختون , also rendered as Pushtuns, Pakhtuns, Pukhtuns), also called Pathans (Urdu: پٹھان, Hindi: पठान ) or ethnic Afghans (Pashto: اÙغان )[9][10] are an Eastern Iranian ethno-linguistic group with populations primarily in eastern and...
Kohistan is a Persian word meaning mountainous region or highland (Koh = mountain; -istan = suffix -land). ...
Migrants in one of the several migratory waves that brought Indo-Europeans into South-Asia. ...
For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ...
[edit] Government The rulers of Swat held the title Amir-e Shariyat and from 1918 were known as Badshah; the title changed to Wali in 1926 when it became a Princely State of the Indian Empire. Emir (also sometimes rendered as Amir or Ameer, Arabic commander) is a title of nobility historically used in Islamic nations of the Middle East and North Africa. ...
Padishah, Padshah, Padeshah, Badishah or Badshah (Persian پادشاه PÄdishÄh) is a very prestigious title, which is composed from the Persian words Pati master and the better-known title ShÄh King, which was adopted by several Islamic monarchies claiming the highest rank, roughly equivalent to Christian Emperors or the...
Wali (Arabic ولي, plural Awliya أولياء, Persian/Turkish pronunciation Vali), is an Arabic word, meaning protector or guardian (most literally etymologically near one), also adopted in various other Islamic cultures. ...
Anthem God Save The Queen/King British India, circa 1860 Capital Calcutta (1858-1912), New Delhi (1912-1947) Language(s) Hindi, Urdu, English and many others Government Monarchy Emperor of India - 1877-1901 Victoria - 1901-1910 Edward VII - 1910-1936 George V - January-December 1936 Edward VIII - 1936-1947 George...
| Tenure | Rulers of Swat[1] | | 1849 - 11th May 1857 | Sayyid Akbar Shah | | 11th May 1857 - 1863 | Sayyid Mubarak Shah Sahib | | 1863 - 1915 | State in abeyance | | 1915 - September 1917 | Sayyid Abdul-Jabbar Khan | | September 1917 - 12th December 1949 | Miangul Golshahzada Abdul-Wadud | | 12th December 1949 - 28th July 1969 | Miangul Abdul-Haqq Jahanzib | | 28th July 1969 | State of Swat abolished |
[edit] See also The North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) (Urdu: Å›imÄl maÄ¡ribÄ« sarhadÄ« sÅ«ba شمال مغربی سرØدی صوبÛ) is the smallest of the four main provinces of Pakistan. ...
[edit] References Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...
is the 276th day of the year (277th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...
[edit] Further reading - The Last Wali of Swat: An Autobiography as Told by Fredrik Barth (Asian Portraits) by Fredrik Barth
- John Stack. Report from Practically Nowhere, 1959 ISBN 0-595-08918-6
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