Swedish Pomerania (Swedish: Svenska Pommern) was a Dominion under the Swedish Crown from the 17th to the 19th century, situated on the German Baltic Sea coast. Following the Polish War and the Thirty Years' War Sweden held extensive control over the lands on the Southern Baltic Coast including Pomerania and parts of Silesia and Prussia. At the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 Sweden received Upper Pomerania, or Vorpommern, a strip of Lower Pomerania, or Hinterpommern, with the islands of Rügen, Usedom and Wollin. The Dominions of Sweden or Svenska besittningar were territories that historically came under control of the Swedish Crown, but never became fully integrated with Sweden. ... Motto: Swedish: För Sverige i tiden1 (English: For Sweden, with the times) Anthem: Du gamla, du fria (Thou ancient, thou free) Capital Stockholm Largest city Stockholm Official language(s) Swedish2 Government King Prime Minister Constitutional monarchy Carl XVI Gustaf Göran Persson Consolidation no established date Area  - Total    - Water... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ... The Polish-Swedish Wars refer to a series of wars between Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Sweden, in the wider meaning to the series of wars in which both Sweden and Poland participated between 1563 and 1721, in the narrower meaning to denote the two wars between 1600 and 1629. ... The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) The Thirty Years War was fought between the years 1618 and 1648, principally on the territory of todays Germany, but also involving most of the major continental powers. ... Historic Pomerania (outlined in yellow) on the background of modern country borders. ... Prussian Silesia, 1871, outlined in yellow; Silesia at the close of the Seven Years War in 1763, outlined in cyan (areas now in the Czech Republic were Austrian-ruled at that time) Silesia (Czech: ; German: ; Polish: ) is a historical region in central Europe. ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa, German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: PrÅ«sai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad... The Ratification of the Treaty of Münster by Gerard Terborch (1648) Banquet of the Amsterdam Civic Guard in Celebration of the Peace of Münster by Bartholomeus van der Helst, 1648 The Peace of Westphalia, also known as the Treaties of Münster and Osnabrück, refers to the... // Events January 17 - Englands Long Parliament passes the Vote of No Address, breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War. ... Vorpommern (Polish: Pomorze Przednie) - in English sometimes also called West, Upper, or Hither Pomerania - is a region of Pomerania west of the River Oder in north-eastern Germany, including the island of Rügen but excluding the city of Szczecin (former Stettin). ... Pomerania (Polish: Pomorze, German: Pommern and Pommerellen, Pomeranian (Kashubian): Pòmòrze and Pòmòrskô, Latin: Pomerania, Pomorania) is a geographical and historical region in northern Poland and Germany on the south coasts of the Baltic Sea between and on both sides of the Vistula and Oder (Odra) rivers, reaching the Reknitz river... Map of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania highlighting the district Rügen Rügen (Polish: Rugia) is an island located off the coast of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the Baltic Sea. ... Usedom (Polish name Uznam) is an island north of the confluence of the Odra river into the Szczecin Bay (Ger: Stettiner Haff, Pol: Zalew Szczeciński). ... Wolin or Wollin is an island located in the Baltic Sea located just off the Polish coast. ...

10 Field coats of Pomerania in 15th-17th century File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

The Thirty Years' War

Pomerania became involved in the Thirty Years' War during the 1620s, and with the town of Stralsund under siege by imperial troops its ruler Bogislaus XIV, the Duke of Stettin, concluded a treaty with the Swedish King Gustavus Adolphus in June 1628. In July 10, 1630 the treaty was extended into an eternal pact and by the end of that year the Swedes had completed the military occupation of Pomerania. After this point Gustavus Adolphus was the real ruler of the country, and even though the rights of succession to Pomerania, held by the Kurfurst George Wilhelm of Brandenburg was recognised, the King still demanded that Brandenburg break with the Emperor. In 1634 the Estates of Pomerania, assigned the interim government to an eight member directorate, which lasted until Brandenburg by right of the Imperial investiture ordered the directorate disbanded in 1638. The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) The Thirty Years War was fought between the years 1618 and 1648, principally on the territory of todays Germany, but also involving most of the major continental powers. ... Stralsund coat of arms Stralsund (Polish: Strzałów, StrzaÅ‚owo) is a city in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. ... Motto: none Voivodship West Pomeranian Municipal government Rada miasta Szczecina Mayor Marian Jurczyk Area 301,3 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 413 600 1372/km² Founded City rights 8th century 1243 Latitude Longitude 14°34E 53°26N Area code +48 91 Car plates ZS Twin towns Berlin-Kreuzberg... Gustav II Adolph Gustav II Adolph (December 9, 1594 - November 6, 1632) (also known as Gustav Adolph the Great, under the Latin name Gustavus Adolphus or the Swedish form Gustav II Adolf) was a King of Sweden. ... Events March 1 - writs were issued in February 1628 by Charles I of England that every county in England (not just seaport towns) pay ship tax by this date. ... July 10 is the 191st day (192nd in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 174 days remaining. ... Events February 22 - Native American Quadequine introduces Popcorn to English colonists. ... Surrounding but excluding the national capital Berlin, Brandenburg (Sorbian/Lusatian: Brandisborska) is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states). ...

As a consequence Pomerania would lapse into a state of anarchy, thereby forcing the Swedes to act and from 1641 the administration was led by a council ("Concilium status") from Stettin, until the peace treaty in 1648 settled rights to the province in Swedish favour. At the peace negotiations in Osnabrück Brandenburg received Lower Pomerania except Stettin, a strip of land east of the Oder containing the districts of Damm and Gollnow and the island of Wollin. These territories together with Upper Pomerania and the islands of Rügen and Usedom were ceded to the Swedes as a fief from the Emperor. The Recess of Stettin in 1653 settled the border with Brandenburg, in a manner favourable to Sweden. The border against Mecklenburg, along Trebek and Recknitz, followed a settlement of 1591. Events The Long Parliament passes a series of legislation designed to contain Charles Is absolutist tendencies. ... Osnabrück is a city in Lower Saxony, Germany, some 80 km NNE of Dortmund, 45 km NE of Münster, and some 100 km due west of Hanover. ... The Farther Pomerania or Pomerania proper (Polish: Pomorze ZaodrzaÅ„skie, German: Hinterpommern, Latin: Pomerania Superior) is part of Pomerania east of the Odra river. ... The Oder (or Odra) River (German: Oder, Polish/Czech: Odra, Ancient Latin: Viadua, Viadrus, Medieval Latin: Odera, Oddera) is a river in Central Europe (mostly in Poland). ... Goleniów (German Gollnow) is a town in Pomerania, north-western Poland with 22. ... Wolin or Wollin is an island located in the Baltic Sea located just off the Polish coast. ... Map of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania highlighting the district Rügen Rügen (Polish: Rugia) is an island located off the coast of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania in the Baltic Sea. ... Usedom (Polish name Uznam) is an island north of the confluence of the Odra river into the Szczecin Bay (Ger: Stettiner Haff, Pol: Zalew Szczeciński). ... Under the system of feudalism, a fiefdom, fief, feud or fee, consisted of heritable lands or revenue-producing property granted by a liege lord in return for a vassal knights service (usually fealty, military service, and security). ...

Under the Swedish crown

The history of Pomerania under Swedish Dominion is much a story of destitution and conflict. During 1657 to 1659, under the Northern Wars (not to be confused with the Great Northern War), Polish, Austrian and Brandenburg troops ravaged the country and upon this followed the occupation by Denmark and Brandenburg 1675-1679 under the Scanian War, whereby Denmark claimed Rügen and Brandenburg the rest of Pomerania. Both campaigns were in vain for the winners, except for Gollnow and the strip of land on the east side of the Oder, which were held by Brandenburg as a pawn in exchange for reparations, until these were paid in 1693. The Dominions of Sweden or Svenska besittningar were territories that historically came under control of the Swedish Crown, but never became fully integrated with Sweden. ... King Charles X of Sweden The Northern Wars (1655-1661) is a name sometimes used for the series of conflicts between Sweden and its adversaries Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (The Deluge, 1655-1660), Russia (1656-1661), Brandenburg-Prussia (1657-1660), the Holy Roman Empire (1657-60) and Denmark (1657-1658, 1658... Scanian War (Danish: SkÃ¥nske Krig Swedish: SkÃ¥nska kriget) was the Nordic part of the Franco-Dutch War (1672-1678). ...

The first years of the Great Northern War did not affect Pomerania and even when Danish, Russian and Polish forces had crossed the borders in 1714, Prussia first appeared as a hesitant mediator before turning into an aggressor. King Charles XII of Sweden led the defence of Pomerania for an entire year, November 1714 to December 1715 from the walls of Stralsund before fleeing to Lund. The Danes seized Rügen and Upper Pomerania above the river Peene, and the rest was taken by Prussia. By the Treaty of Fredriksborg, June 3, 1720, Denmark was obliged to hand back control over the occupied territory to Sweden, but in the Treaty of Stockholm, on January 21 in the same year, Prussia had been allowed to retain its conquest. By this, Sweden ceded the parts of Lower Pomerania that had been won in 1648 as well as Upper Pomerania south of Pene and the islands of Wollin and Usedom. The remainder of the Pomeranian dominion held by Sweden after 1720 was the so-called Swedish Pomerania. A feeble attempt to regain the lost territories in the Pomeranian War (1757-1762), coinciding with the Seven Years War, failed. The Great Northern War was the war fought between a coalition of Russia, Denmark-Norway and Saxony-Poland (from 1715 also Prussia and Hanover) on one side and Sweden on the other side from 1700 to 1721. ... Carl XII, Karl XII or Carolus Rex, (June 17, 1682 – November 30, 1718), the Alexander of the North, nicknamed in Turkish as DemirbaÅŸ Åžarl (Charles the Habitué), was a King of Sweden from 1697 until his death in 1718. ... (help· info) or is a Scanian city in the SkÃ¥ne province of southernmost Sweden. ... Peene (Polish: Piana) is a river in Germany and also a western strait or a branch of Oder River out of three straits conecting the Lagoon of Szczecin with the Bay of Pomerania of the Baltic Sea, between the islands of Usedom and the German mainland. ... June 3 is the 154th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (155th in leap years), with 211 days remaining. ... // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ... The Treaty of Stockholm refers to two treaties signed in 1719 and 1720 that ended the Great Northern War between Sweden on one side and Hannover and Prussia. ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the 1756–1763 war. ...

The entry into the Third Coalition in 1805, where Sweden unsuccessfully fought its First War against Napoleon subsequently led to the occupation of Swedish Pomerania by French troops from 1807 to 1810. In 1812, when French troops yet again marched into Pomerania, the Swedish Army mobilized and won against Napoleon in the Battle of Leipzig in 1813, together with troops from Russia, Prussia and Austria. Sweden also attacked Denmark and by the Treaty of Kiel on January 14, 1814, Sweden gave away Pomerania in exchange for Norway. The fate of Pomerania was however finally settled through the treaties between Prussia and Denmark on June 4 and with Sweden on June 7, 1815. In this manoeuvre Prussia had gained Pomerania in exchange for Lauenburg and 2.6 Million Thalers given to Denmark and of 3.5 Million Thalers awarded to Sweden in war damages. The territory was incorporated as Neuvorpommern ("New Upper Pomerania") into the already Prussian province of Pomerania. In the Napoleonic Wars, the Third Coalition against Napoléon emerged in 1805, and consisted of an alliance of the United Kingdom, Austria, Russia, Naples, and Sweden against France. ... The First War against Napoleon or the Pomeranian War, was the first involvement by Sweden in the Napoleonic Wars. ... 1812 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Swedish Army - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The Second War against Napoleon was the second involvement by Sweden in the Napoleonic Wars. ... For other uses, see Napoleon (disambiguation). ... Combatants France, Poland, Saxony and other states of Confederation of the Rhine Russia, Austrian Empire, Prussia, Sweden Commanders Napoleon I of France, prince Jozef Antoni Poniatowski, King Frederick Augustus of Saxony Karl von Schwarzenberg Gebhard von Blucher Crown Prince Charles of Sweden Strength 191,000 330,000 Casualties 38,000... 1813 is a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 The word Prussia (Old Prussian: Prūsa, German: Preußen, Polish: Prusy, Lithuanian: Prūsai, Latin: Borussia) has had various (often contradictory) meanings: The land of the Baltic Prussians (in what is now parts of southern Lithuania, the Kaliningrad... The Treaty of Kiel, was a settlement between Sweden and Denmark-Norway on January 14, 1814, whereby the Danish king, a loser in the Napoleonic wars, ceded Norway to the king of Sweden, in return for the Swedish holdings in Pomerania. ... January 14 is the 14th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1814 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... June 4 is the 155th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (156th in leap years), with 210 days remaining. ... June 7 is the 158th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (159th in leap years), with 207 days remaining. ... The Battle of New Orleans 1815 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... This article discusses the Lauenburg in Schleswig-Holstein. ... Examples of German and Austrian Thalers compared to a US quarter piece The Thaler was a silver coin used throughout Europe for almost four hundred years. ...

Constitution and administration

The nobility of Pomerania was firmly established and held extensive privileges, as opposed to the other end of the spectrum which was populated by a class of numerous serfs. Even by the end of the 18th century, the serfs made up two-thirds of the population of the countryside. The estates owned by the nobility were divided into districts and the royal domains, which covered about a quarter of the country, were divided into amts. The Lords and Barons prove their Nobility by hanging their Banners and exposing their Coats-of-arms at the door of the Lodge of the Heralds. ... Costumes of Slaves or Serfs, from the Sixth to the Twelfth Centuries, collected by H. de Vielcastel, from original Documents in the great Libraries of Europe. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ...

The position of Pomerania in the Swedish Realm came to depend on the talks that were opened between the Estates of Pomerania and the Government of Sweden. The talks showed few results until the Instrument of Government of July 17, 1663 (promulgated by the recess of April 10, 1669) could be presented, and only in 1664 did the Pomeranian Estates salute the Swedish Monarch as their new ruler. The Royal Government of Pomerania (die königliche Landesregierung) was composed of the Governor General, who always was a Swedish Privy Councillor, as chairman and five Councillors of the Royal Government, among them the President of the Appellate Court, the Chancellor and the Castle Hauptmann of Stettin, overinspector of the Royal Amts. When circumstances demanded, the estates, nobility, burgesses, and—until the 1690s—the clergy could be summoned for meetings of a local parliament called the Landtag. The nobility was represented by one deputy per district, and these deputies were in turn mandated by their respective district convents of nobles. The estate of the burgesses consisted of one deputy per politically franchised city, particularly Stralsund. The Landtag were presided over by a marshall (Erb-landmarschall). A third element of the meeting of the Estates were the five, initially ten, Landtag councillors who were appointed by the Royal Government of Pomerania following their nomination by the Estates. The Landtag councillors formed the Land Council, which mediated with the Swedish Government and oversaw the constitution. The Swedish Senate: Riksrådet, from 1809 Statsrådet, from 1975 Regeringen was and is the principal government institution of Sweden The Swedish Senate, Senatus Regni Sueciae, originated as a council of Regional Magnates acting as advisers to the Monarch of the combined Realms of the Swedes (from 996, approximately). ... July 17 is the 198th day (199th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar, with 167 days remaining. ... // Events Prix de Rome scholarship established for students of the arts. ... April 10 is the 100th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (101st in leap years). ... // Events Samuel Pepys stopped writing his diary. ... A Governor-General, or Generalguvernör, was appointed by the Swedish monarch as a form of viceroy, with both civil and military jurisdiction, over parts of the Swedish Realm, from the 17th century to the early 19th century, when constitutional changes made the office obsolete. ... In Germany, Austria and South Tyrol, a Landtag is a unicameral legislature for a federal land. ...

The Estates, which had exercised great authority under the Pomeranian dukes, were unable to exert any significant influence on Sweden, even though the Constitution of 1663 had provided them with a veto in as far as Pomerania was affected. Their rights of petition were however not limited, and by the privileges of Frederick I of Sweden in 1720 they also had an explicit right to participate in legislation and taxation. Frederick I (Fredrik I) (April 23, 1676–March 25, 1751), was King of Sweden from 1720 and (as Friedrich I von Hessen-Kassel) Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel from 1730 until his death. ... // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ...

Legal system

The legal system in Pomerania was in a state of great confusion, due to the lack of a consistent legislation or even the most basic collection of laws and instead consisting of a disparate collection of legal principles. The Swedish rule brought if nothing else at least the rule of law into the court system. Starting in 1655, cases could be appealed from the first instance courts to the appellate court in Greifswald (located in Wolgast 1665-1680), where sentences were issued under the appellate law of 1672, a work conducted by David Mevius. Cases under canon law were directed to a consistorium in Greifswald. From the appellate court cases could be appealed to the supreme court for the Swedish dominions in Germany, the High Tribunal in Wismar, which had opened in 1653. Greifswald (German Greif=griffin, Wald=forest) is a city in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, Germany. ... Wolgast is a German town in the district of Ostvorpommern, in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, on the bank of the river Peene (12. ... In Western culture, canon law is the law of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. ... Wismar Coat of Arms Wismar is a smaller port and Hanseatic League city in northern Germany on the Baltic Sea, in the state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, about 45 km due east of Lübeck, and 30 km due north of Schwerin. ...

Economy

In economic terms Pomerania did not represent any gain for Sweden. Only during the administration under Fredrik Vilhelm von Hessenstein (1776-1791) did the dominion produce a surplus. (The total income in 1782 had been 250.000 Thaler.) In other terms it had represented a liability, where the main expenditures were the Fortress at Stralsund and military defences in general. The primary source of income was the "licent", the duties levied on export and import by sea. The taxes on spirits and grains brought to mill were replaced in 1672 by a personal tax, the "Quartalsteuer" (quarterly tax). The contributions to the war effort during the Thirty Years' War had become a standing order and by the 18th century they had been replaced by a base tax, the "hujensteuer". The population of Swedish Pomerania were 89.000 subjects in 1766 and had reached 113.000 in 1802, with about a quarter were living on the island of Rügen. Prince Fredrik Vilhelm von Hessenstein (1735-1808), Swedish soldier and statesman. ... Examples of German and Austrian Thalers compared to a US quarter piece The Thaler was a silver coin used throughout Europe for almost four hundred years. ... The victory of Gustavus Adolphus at the Battle of Breitenfeld (1631) The Thirty Years War was fought between the years 1618 and 1648, principally on the territory of todays Germany, but also involving most of the major continental powers. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ...

Integration in the eleventh hour

By Royal proclamation on June 26 in 1806 the Constitution of Pomerania was declared to have been suspended and abolished. The Swedish Instruments of Government of 1772 and 1789 and Law of 1734 were declared to have taken precedence and were to be implemented following September 1, 1808. The reason for perpetrating this Royally sanctioned coup d'etat was that the Estates, despite a Royal prohibition had taken to courts to appeal against Royal statutes, specifically the statute of April 30, 1806 regarding the raising of a Pomeranian army. In the new order Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden attempted to introduce a government divided into departments. Swedish church law was introduced. The country was divided into four provincial districts ("Härad") and congregational districts ("Socken") complying to the Swedish model of administration. The Estates of Pomerania could only be called regarding questions that specifically concerned Pomerania and Rügen. The new order of the Landtag was modelled on the Swedish Riksdag of the Estates and a meeting according to the new order also took place in August 1806, which declared its loyalty to the King and hailed him as their ruler. In wake of this revolution a number of social reforms were implemented and planned, where the most important was the abolisment of serfdom by a Royal statute of July 4, 1806, a practice that had never been implemented in Sweden itself. June 26 is the 177th day of the year (178th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 188 days remaining. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Swedish Constitution consists of four fundamental laws (Swedish: grundlagar): The Instrument of Government (1974) The Act of Succession (1810) The Freedom of the Press Act (1766) The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (1991) There is also a law on the working order of the Parliament with a special... 1772 was a leap year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Events January 8 - Premiere of George Frideric Handels opera Ariodante at the Royal Opera House, Covent Garden. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years). ... 1808 was a leap year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... April 30 is the 120th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (121st in leap years), with 245 days remaining, as the last day in April. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Gustav IV Adolf (November 1, 1778 – February 7, 1837), was King of Sweden from 1792 until his abdication in 1809. ... The Riksdag of the Estates, or Ståndsriksdagen, was the name used for the Estates of the Swedish realm, or Rikets ständer, when they were assembled. ... July 4 is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 180 days remaining. ... 1806 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

List of Governors General

Main article: Governor-General in the Swedish Realm A Governor-General, or Generalguvernör, was appointed by the Swedish monarch as a form of viceroy, with both civil and military jurisdiction, over parts of the Swedish Realm, from the 17th century to the early 19th century, when constitutional changes made the office obsolete. ...

• Lennart Torstenson (1641 - )
• Carl Gustaf Wrangel (1648 - )
• Johan Oxenstierna (1650-1652)
• Axel Lillie (1652 - )
• Otto Wilhelm Königsmarck (1679 - 1685)
• Nils Bielke (1687 - 1698)
• Johan August Meijerfeldt the elder (1713 - 1747)
• Filip Julius Bernhard von Platen
• Fredrik Vilhelm von Hessenstein (1776 - 1791)
• Eric Ruuth (1792 - 1796)
• Hans Henric von Essen (1800 - 1809)

Count Lennart Torstenson (August 17, 1603 - April 7, 1651) was a Swedish soldier and military engineer and the son of Torsten Lennartson, commandant of Älvsborg Fortress. ... Events The Long Parliament passes a series of legislation designed to contain Charles Is absolutist tendencies. ... Carl Gustaf Wrangel Carl Gustaf Wrangel (December 23, 1613 - July 5, 1676) was a Swedish soldier. ... // Events January 17 - Englands Long Parliament passes the Vote of No Address, breaking off negotiations with King Charles I and thereby setting the scene for the second phase of the English Civil War. ... Count Johan Axelsson Oxenstierna (1611-1657), Swedish statesman, son of Axel Oxenstierna, completed his studies at Uppsala in 1631, and was sent by his father on a grand tour through France, the Netherlands and Great Britain. ... // Events June 23 - Claimant King Charles II of England, Scotland and Ireland arrives in Scotland, the only of the three Kingdoms that has accepted him as ruler. ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... Count Axel Lillie (1603-1662) was a Swedish soldier and politician. ... // Events April 6 - Dutch sailor Jan van Riebeeck establishes a resupply camp for the Dutch East India Company at the Cape of Good Hope, and founded Cape Town. ... Events January 24 - King Charles II of England disbands Parliament August 7 - The brigantine Le Griffon, which was commissioned by René Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle, is towed to the southern end of the Niagara River, to become the first ship to sail the upper Great Lakes. ... Events February 6 - James Stuart, Duke of York becomes King James II of England and Ireland and King James VII of Scotland. ... Events March 19 - The men under explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle murder him while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River. ... Events January 4 - Palace of Whitehall in London is destroyed by fire. ... // Events April 11 - War of the Spanish Succession: Treaty of Utrecht June 23 - French residents of Acadia given one year to declare allegiance to Britain or leave Nova Scotia Canada first Orrery built by George Graham Ongoing events Great Northern War (1700-1721) War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713... // Events January 31 - The first venereal diseases clinic opens at London Dock Hospital April 9 - The Scottish Jacobite Lord Lovat was beheaded by axe on Tower Hill, London, for high treason; he was the last man to be executed in this way in Britain May 14 - First battle of Cape... Prince Fredrik Vilhelm von Hessenstein (1735-1808), Swedish soldier and statesman. ... This article is about the year 1776. ... 1791 (MDCCXCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 11-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1796 was a leap year starting on Friday. ... Count Hans Henrik von Essen (1755 - 1824) was a Swedish soldier and statesman. ... 1800 (MDCCC) was an common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... 1809 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

See also

• Sweden
• History of Sweden: Swedish Empire
• Dominions of Sweden
• List of Swedish monarchs
• List of Swedish wars
• Dänholm

The history of Sweden dates back to 9000 BC. // Pre-historic age: 9,000–500 BC Main article Prehistoric Sweden Sweden, as well as the adjacent country Norway, has a high concentration of petroglyphs (ristningar or hällristningar in Swedish) throughout the country, with the highest concentration in the province... Sweden between the years 1611 and 1718 is known as the Swedish Empire. ... The Dominions of Sweden or Svenska besittningar were territories that historically came under control of the Swedish Crown, but never became fully integrated with Sweden. ... This is a list of Swedish monarchs, that is, the Kings and ruling Queens of Sweden with Regents and Viceroys of the Kalmar Union up until the present time. ... This is a list of wars fought by Sweden between 1521 and 1814: The Swedish War of Liberation or Befrielsekriget (1521-1523) The Armstice of Gotland (1524) The Recess of Malmö (1524) The Danish Counts Feud or Danska Grevefejden (1534-1536) The Armstice of Copenhagen (1537) The Great Russian... Dänholm is a small island on the German coast of the Baltic Sea. ...

External links

• Dänholm Island, Swedish Pomerania August 1807 at NapoleonSeries.org
• Brune's 1807 Campaign in Swedish Pomerania at NapoleonSeries.org
• Pomeraniæ Ducatus tabula. Map of the Duchy of Pomerania. at library.ucla.edu