Johnny Depp as Sweeney Todd in the 2007 film by Tim Burton.

Sweeney Todd is a fictional character who first appeared as one of the protagonists of a penny part serial entitled The String of Pearls (1846-7). In the most common versions of the story, he is an English barber who murders his customers with a cut-throat razor (or "straight razor" in American English), and turns their remains into meat pies. His establishment is situated in Fleet Street, London. The story became a staple of Victorian melodrama and a hit Broadway musical in 1979. Sweeney Todd has also featured in several films, the most recent being Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007), directed by Tim Burton, with Johnny Depp in the lead role. John Christopher Depp II[1] (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor, best known for his frequent portrayals of offbeat and eccentric characters such as Jack Sparrow in the Pirates of the Caribbean trilogy and the titular character of Tim Burtons Edward Scissorhands. ... Timothy Tim William Burton (born August 25, 1958) is an Academy Award and Golden Globe-nominated American film director, writer and designer notable for the quirky and often dark gothic atmosphere in his high-profile films. ... Sweeney Todd may mean: Sweeney Todd, a (most likely) fictional homicidal barber Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1936 film) Sweeney Todd (musical), a musical by Stephen Sondheim based on the character Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007 film), a 2007 film adaptation of the... A protagonist is the main figure of a piece of literature or drama and has the main part or role. ... Penny Dreadful can refer to: The 19th century British penny dreadful publications. ... This article is about the English as an ethnic group and nation. ... A straight razor with round point, full hollow ground blade and double stabiliser. ... For other uses, see American English (disambiguation). ... A meat pie is a savoury pie that covers or contains a savoury filling of meat and other savoury ingredients. ... Fleet Street in 2005 Fleet Street is a famous street in London, England, named after the River Fleet. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... The Victorian era of the United Kingdom marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ... Poster for The Perils of Pauline (1914). ... For other uses of Broadway, see Broadway. ... Timothy Tim William Burton (born August 25, 1958) is an Academy Award and Golden Globe-nominated American film director, writer and designer notable for the quirky and often dark gothic atmosphere in his high-profile films. ... John Christopher Depp II[1] (born June 9, 1963) is an American actor, best known for his frequent portrayals of offbeat and eccentric characters such as Jack Sparrow in the Pirates of the Caribbean trilogy and the titular character of Tim Burtons Edward Scissorhands. ...

Claims that Sweeney Todd was a real person ^[1][2] are unsubstantiated and unproven.^[3][4][5]

Story versions

In the original story, The String of Pearls: A Romance, Sweeney Todd is a barber who murders wealthy customers by pulling a lever while they are in his barber chair which makes them fall backward down a trapdoor, generally causing them to break their necks or skulls. Just in case they are alive, he goes to the basement and "polishes them off", meaning he slits their throats with his straight razor. Todd also has a young assistant named Tobias Ragg. In some versions of the Sweeney Todd story Mrs. Lovett, his partner in crime and variously his friend or lover (and whose first name is variously Nellie, Marjorie, Sarah, Shirley, or Claudette), hides his crimes by butchering the corpses of Todd's victims, baking their flesh into meat pies, and selling them to unknowing customers. A straight razor with round point, full hollow ground blade and double stabiliser. ... Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street is a musical (also considered by many to be an English language opera due to the form and the construct of the show) with music and lyrics by Stephen Sondheim and book by Hugh Wheeler. ... A meat pie is a savoury pie that covers or contains a savoury filling of meat and other savoury ingredients. ...

In Stephen Sondheim's 1979 musical, Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, Todd was known as Benjamin Barker, a middle class barber, married to Lucy Barker with a daughter, Johanna. The villainous Judge Turpin exiles Benjamin to Australia on false charges in order to have Lucy to himself. Mrs. Lovett tells Todd that Lucy poisoned herself. Turpin adopts baby Johanna as his ward. By the time Todd returns to London, Johanna has become a young woman and falls in love with a sailor, Anthony, with whom she plans to elope. Stephen Joshua Sondheim (b. ... The middle class (or middle classes) comprises a social group once defined by exception as an intermediate social class between the nobility and the peasantry. ... Exile (band) may refer to: Exile - The American country music band Exile - The Japanese pop music band Category: ... In law, a ward is someone placed under the protection of a legal guardian. ...

In the Sondheim musical, Mrs. Lovett takes in an orphan boy, Tobias Ragg, after Sweeney kills Toby's previous guardian, Adolfo Pirelli, who turns out to be a former assistant that tries to blackmail him. Toby is generally the first character to catch onto Sweeney Todd's crimes and also is responsible for Todd's death. For other uses, see Orphan (disambiguation). ...

In almost every variation, Johanna, Anthony, and Toby are the only characters who survive.

Literary history

Sweeney Todd first appeared in a story entitled The String of Pearls: A Romance. This penny dreadful was published in eighteen weekly parts, in Edward Lloyd's The People's Periodical and Family Library, issues 7-24, 21 November 1846 to 20 March 1847. It was probably written by James Malcolm Rymer, though Thomas Peckett Prest has also been credited with it. Other attributions include Edward P. Hingston, George Macfarren and Albert Richard Smith.^[6][7]In February/March 1847, before the serial was even completed, The String of Pearls was adapted as a melodrama by George Dibden Pitt for the Britannia Theatre in Hoxton. It was in this alternative version of the tale, rather than the original, that Todd acquired his catchphrase: "I'll polish him off".^[7] Penny Dreadful can refer to: The 19th century British penny dreadful publications. ... is the 325th day of the year (326th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1846 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1847 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... James Malcolm Rymer (1814-1884) is one of the possible authors of the 19th century penny dreadful Varney the Vampire. ... Thomas Peckett Prest (probable dates 1810-1859) was a British hack writer, journalist and musician. ... Poster for The Perils of Pauline (1914). ... Britannia Theatre was located in Hoxton an area in the London Borough of Hackney, immediately north of the financial district of the City of London. ... Hoxton Square. ...

Another, lengthier, penny part serial was published by Lloyd from 1847/8, with 92 episodes and published in book form in 1850 as The String of Pearls with the subtitle "The Barber of Fleet Street. A Domestic Romance". This expanded version of the story was 732 pages in length.^[7]A plagiarised version of this appeared in America c. 1852–53 as Sweeney Todd: or the Ruffian Barber. A Tale of Terror of the Seas and the Mysteries of the City by "Captain Merry" (a pseudonym for American author Harry Hazel (1814–89)).^[7]

In 1875, Frederick Hazleton's c. 1865 dramatic adaptation Sweeney Todd, the Barber of Fleet Street: or the String of Pearls (see below) was published as Vol 102 of Lacy's Acting Edition of Plays.^[7]

In 1992 the first episode of a planned comic adaptation titled Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street was published in issue #6 of Stephen R. Bissette's horror comics anthology Taboo. The adaptation was written by Neil Gaiman, with artwork by Michael Zulli. The adaptation was published as a pamphlet insert which came with the perfect bound book. Only the first episode was completed before the project was abandoned. Stephen R. Bissette (also known as Steve Bissette) is a comics artist and publisher best known for working with writer Alan Moore and inker John Totleben on the DC comic Swamp Thing in the 1980s. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: garbage If you disagree with its speedy deletion, please explain why on its talk page or at Wikipedia:Speedy deletions. ... Neil Richard Gaiman (IPA: ) (born November 10, 1960[2]) is an English author of science fiction and fantasy short stories and novels, graphic novels, comics, and films. ... Michael Zulli is an American comics artist best known for his work on The Sandman with writer Neil Gaiman. ...

A scholarly, annotated, edition of the original 1846–47 serial was published in volume form in 2007 by the Oxford University Press under the title of Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street, edited by Robert Mack. Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ...

Sweeney Todd on stage and screen

• The String of Pearls (1847) a melodrama by George Dibden Pitt. It opened at Hoxton's Britannia Theatre, and billed as "founded on fact". It was something of a success, and the story spread by word of mouth and took on the quality of an urban legend. Various versions of the tale were staples of the British theatre for the rest of the century.
• Sweeney Todd, the Barber of Fleet Street: or the String of Pearls (c. 1865), a dramatic adaption written by Frederick Hazleton which premiered at the Old Bower Saloon, Stangate Street, Lambeth.^[7]
• "Sweeney Todd, The Barber" , a song which assumes its audience knows the stage version and claims that such a character in real life was even more remarkable. Stanley Holloway, who recorded it in 1956, attributed it to R. P. Weston, a songwriter active from 1906 to 1934.
• Sweeney Todd (1926), the first film version of the story, starring G.A. Baughan in the tile role. The film is now lost.
• Sweeney Todd (1928) a silent film starring Moore Marriott as Sweeney Todd and Iris Darbyshire as Mrs. Lovett. This is the first surviving film adaptation.
• Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber Of Fleet Street (1936), a film version of the Victorian melodrama starring Tod Slaughter as Sweeney Todd and Stella Rho as Mrs. "Lovatt".
• "The Strange Case of the Demon Barber" (8 January 1946), an adaptation of the Sweeney Todd story featured in an episode of the radio drama The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes.
• In 1947, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's CBC Stage Series broadcast a radio adaptation of the Pitt play starring Mavor Moore as Todd, Jane Mallett as Mrs. Lovett, John Drainie as Tobias, Lloyd Bochner as Mark Ingesterie and Arden Kaye as Johanna Oakley. The production was adapted by Ronald Hamilton and directed by Andrew Allan, with original music composed by Lucio Agostini.
• Sweeney Todd (1959), a ballet version performed by the the Royal Ballet with music by Malcolm Arnold. The choreography was directed by John Cranko.
• Bloodthirsty Butchers (1970), a horror film with John Miranda as Sweeney Todd and Jane Helay as Miranda Lovett, directed by Andy Milligan.
• "Sweeney Todd" (1970), an episode of the ITV series Mystery and Imagination starring Freddie Jones as Sweeney Todd and Heather Canning as Nellie Lovett. In this adaptation, written by Vincent Tilsey and directed by Reginald Collin, the title character is portrayed as insane rather than evil. Heather Canning played Mrs. Lovett, Lewis Fiander played Mark Ingesterie, Mel Martin played the heroine Charlotte and Len Jones played Tobias.
• Sweeney Todd (1973), a TV production by the CBC TV series The Purple Playhouse with Barry Morse (best known for his role as "Lt. Gerard" in The Fugitive) as Todd. This was again Pitt's version of the play.
• Sweeney Todd, The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (1973), a play by the British playwright Christopher Bond. This version of the story was the first to give Todd a more sympathetic motive: he is a wrongfully imprisoned barber named Benjamin Barker who returns under the name Sweeney Todd to London after 15 years in an Australian penal colony to find that the judge responsible for his imprisonment has raped his young wife and driven her to suicide. He swears revenge, but when his plans face obstacles, he begins to slash the throats of his customers. This new element of Todd being motivated by vengeance was Bond's way of grafting dramatic themes from The Revenger's Tragedy onto Pitt's stage plot.
• Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street. A Musical Thriller (1979), the acclaimed musical adaptation of Bond's play by Stephen Sondheim and Hugh Wheeler starring Len Cariou as Sweeney Todd/Benjamin Barker and Angela Lansbury as Mrs. Lovett. George Hearn later replaced Cariou as Todd. In 1982, the musical was televised on The Entertainment Channel, starring Lansbury and George Hearn, and directed by Terry Hughes and Harold Prince.
• The Tale of Sweeney Todd (1998), a television movie directed by John Schlesinger, commissioned by British Sky Broadcasting for which Ben Kingsley received a Screen Actors Guild Best Actor nomination for his portrayal of the title role. Joanna Lumley was Mrs. Lovett.
• Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street in Concert (2001), a filmed concert version of Sondheim's musical, stars George Hearn as Sweeney Todd/Benjamin Barker and Patti LuPone as Mrs. Lovett.
• In 2005, the Broadway Revival Cast made their recording of the show by Sondheim. It was a special redoing of the musical, re-scored specifically for a small orchestra to be played by the actors themselves. The cast consisted of John Arbo (Jonas Fogg; bass player), Donna Lynne Champlin (Pirelli; piano, accordion, flute), Alexander Gemignani (The Beadle; piano, trumpet), Mark Jacoby (Judge Turpin; trumpet, percussion), Diana DiMarzio (Beggar Woman/Lucy Barker; clarinet), Benjamin Magnuson (Anthony Hope; cello, piano), Lauren Molina (Johanna Barker; cello), Manoel Felciano (Tobias; violin, clarinet, piano)), Patti LuPone (Mrs. Lovett; tuba, percussion), and Michael Cerveris (Sweeney Todd; guitar). Cerveris, LuPone, and Felciano were all nominated for Tony Awards; the show itself was nominated at the Tonys for Best Revival and won Best Direction and Best Orchestration.
• Sweeney Todd (2006), a BBC television drama version with a screenplay written by Joshua St Johnston and starring Ray Winstone in the title role and Essie Davis as Mrs Lovett.
• Sweeney Todd and the String of Pearls: an Audio Melodrama in Three Despicable Acts (2007), an audio play by Yuri Rasovsky, won three 2008 Audie Awards for best audio drama, best original work and for achievement in production.
• Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) a film directed by Tim Burton, adapted from Sondheim's musical. Johnny Depp is Sweeney Todd and Helena Bonham Carter is Mrs. Lovett. Alan Rickman plays Judge Turpin, and Ed Sanders is Tobias. The cast also included Sacha Baron Cohen and Timothy Spall. The film received two Golden Globe Awards - one for Best Actor in a Comedy or Musical (Johnny Depp), and one for Best Picture, Comedy or Musical. The film was also nominated for three Academy Awards, winning for Art Direction.

Poster for The Perils of Pauline (1914). ... For other uses, see Urban legend (disambiguation). ... Lambeth is a place in the London Borough of Lambeth. ... Stanley Augustus Holloway (October 1, 1890 - January 30, 1982) was an English actor and entertainer famous for his comic and character roles on stage and screen, especially that of Alfred Doolittle in My Fair Lady. ... Robert Patrick Weston (1878 - November 6, 1936) was an English songwriter. ... A silent film is a film which has no accompanying soundtrack. ... Tod Slaughter (19 March 1885 - 19 February 1956) was an English film actor, known for playing over-the-top maniacs in macabre Victorian settings in films. ... is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full 1946 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The New Adventures of Sherlock Holmes was an old-time radio show which aired from October 2, 1939 to July 7, 1947. ... Radio-Canada redirects here. ... CBC Radio One is the English language news and information radio network of the publicly-owned Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. ... James Mavor Moore, C.C., B.A., D.Litt. ... John Robert Roy Drainie (April 1, 1916-October 30, 1966) was a Canadian actor and television presenter, who was called the greatest radio actor in the world by Orson Welles. ... Actor Lloyd Bochner in Point Blank (1967) Lloyd Bochner (July 29, 1924 - October 29, 2005), born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada) was a Jewish Canadian leading man, usually playing the role of cool, suave, rich men. ... Lucio Agostini (30 December 1913 - 15 February 1996) was an Italian-born composer and conductor who established his career in Canada. ... For other uses, see Ballet (disambiguation). ... 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Hugh Callingham Wheeler (19 March 1912 - 26 July 1987) was an English-born playwright, librettist, poet, and translator who resided in America from 1946 until his death. ... Len Cariou (born September 30, 1939 in Saint Boniface, Manitoba) is a Canadian actor. ... Angela Brigid Lansbury, CBE (born October 16, 1925) is an English three-time Academy Award-nominated, Emmy-nominated, four-time Tony-winning and six-time Golden Globe-winning actress and singer best known for her work in film, her award-winning tenures on Broadway in such musicals as Mame, Gypsy... With Angela Lansbury in Sweeney Todd George Hearn (born June 18, 1934, in St. ... E!: Entertainment Television is an American cable television and direct broadcast satellite network. ... With Angela Lansbury in Sweeney Todd George Hearn (born June 18, 1934, in St. ... Hal Prince (born January 30, 1928), full name Harold Smith Prince, is a American theatrical producer and director associated with many of the best-known Broadway musical productions of the past half-century. ... John Richard Schlesinger CBE (February 16, 1926 – July 25, 2003) was an English film director. ... British Sky Broadcasting (BSkyB — formerly two companies, Sky Television and BSB) is a company that operates Sky Digital, a subscription television service in the UK and the Republic of Ireland. ... Sir Ben Kingsley, CBE (born December 31, 1943) is a British actor. ... The Screen Actors Guild (SAG) is an American labor union representing over 120,000 film and television principal performers and background performers worldwide. ... Joanna Lamond Lumley, OBE (born 1 May 1946) is an English actress and former model who is best known for her roles in The New Avengers, Absolutely Fabulous, Sapphire and Steel and Sensitive Skin. ... 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Helena Bonham Carter (born 26 May 1966) is an Academy Award- and Golden Globe-nominated English actress, known for her portrayals of Bellatrix Lestrange in Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix, Marla Singer in the film Fight Club, her Oscar-nominated performance as Kate Croy in The Wings... Alan Sidney Patrick Rickman (born February 21, 1946) is an Emmy-, Golden Globe-, BAFTA- and Screen Actors Guild Award-winning English film, television and stage actor. ... This article is about the British comedian. ... Timothy Leonard Spall OBE (born February 27, 1957) is an English BAFTA award-nominated film, stage and television actor. ... The Golden Globe Award The Golden Globe Awards are American awards for motion pictures and television programs, given out each year during a formal dinner. ... Although he never won an Oscar for any of his movie performances, the comedian Bob Hope received two honorary Oscars for his contributions to cinema. ...

Possible history

In two books,^[1][2] Peter Haining argues that Sweeney Todd was a historical figure who committed his crimes around 1800. Nevertheless, other researchers who have tried to verify his citations find nothing in these sources to back Haining's claims.^[8][9][10] There is also a similar story reputed to have occurred on the Rue de la Harpe in Paris that may well have influenced the story.^[6] Peter Haining is a well-known journalist and author who lives and works in London. ... This article is about the capital of France. ...

References

Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For information on Wikipedia press releases, see Wikipedia:Press releases. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 42nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 224th day of the year (225th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For information on Wikipedia press releases, see Wikipedia:Press releases. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 3rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 319th day of the year (320th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Further reading

• Sweeney Todd: The Demon Barber of Fleet Street edited by Robert Mack (2007). Oxford University Press. ISBN 0199229333
• Robert Mack (2008) The Wonderful and Surprising History of Sweeney Todd: The Life and Times of an Urban Legend. Continuum. ISBN 0826497918

External links

• Tod Slaughter in Sweeney Todd (1936)
• Sweeney Todd (1936) at the Internet Movie Database
• Mystery and Imagination: Sweeney Todd at the Internet Movie Database
• Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street (2007) at the Internet Movie Database
• Sweeney Todd, the Demon Barber of Fleet Street at the Internet Broadway Database
• Doyle - Downstage Center interview at American Theatre Wing, November 2006
• The String of Pearls etext of the 1846/47 penny dreadful that first featured Sweeney Todd
• Sweeney Todd - Man or Myth? Crime Library
• Sweeney Todd fan site www.sweeneytoddonline.com