Federal Charter of 1291

Citizens of Zürich on 1 May 1351 are read the Federal Charter as they swear allegiance to representatives of Uri, Schwyz, Unterwalden and Lucerne (Luzerner Schilling, 1513).

The Federal Charter or Letter of Alliance (in German Bundesbrief) documents the Eternal Alliance or League Of The Three Forest Cantons (in German Ewiger Bund der Drei Waldstätten), the union of three cantons in what is now central Switzerland, formed in early August, 1291. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (700x946, 127 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Halberd Federal Charter of 1291 Luzerner Schilling History of Zürich ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (700x946, 127 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Halberd Federal Charter of 1291 Luzerner Schilling History of Zürich ... Federal Charter of 1291 The Federal Charter or Letter of Alliance (in German Bundesbrief) is documenting the Eternal Alliance or League Of The Three Forest Cantons (in German Ewiger Bund der Drei Waldstätten), the union of three cantons in what is now central Switzerland, formed in early August, 1291. ... Uri may refer to: geography: Canton of Uri is a canton (region) of Switzerland. ... The town Schwyz is the capital of the Canton of Schwyz, Switzerland. ... Unterwalden is the old name for what is now two cantons in central Switzerland, south of Lake Lucerne. ... Location within Switzerland View of the city from Lake Lucerne Another view across Lake Lucerne The Lion Monument Lucerne (German: (help· info)) is a city in Central Switzerland with a population of 60,274 (December 31, 2003), capital of the Canton of Lucerne. ... Reisläufer crossing the Alps Luzerner Schilling (or Luzernerchronik) is how the chronicle of Diebold Schilling the Younger of Lucerne (1513) is referred to. ... A canton is a territorial subdivision of a country, e. ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ...

This inaugural confederation grew through a long series of accessions to modern Switzerland. The Alliance was concluded between the people of the alpine areas of Uri, Schwyz and Unterwalden ( homines vallis Uranie universitasque vallis de Switz ac communitas hominum Intramontanorum Vallis Inferioris). The participants are referred to as conspirati and (synonymously) coniurati, traditionally translated in German as "Eidgenossen". The West face of the Petit Dru above the Chamonix valley near the Mer de Glace. ... Uri (German:  ) is one of the 26 cantons of Switzerland. ... View from hiking trail between Ibergeregg and Spirstock Schwyz (German  ) is a canton in central Switzerland between Lake Lucerne in the south and Lake Zurich in the north, centered around and named after the town of Schwyz. ... Unterwalden is the old name for what is now two cantons in central Switzerland, south of Lake Lucerne. ... Eidgenossenschaft is a German term that literally translated means confederacy of the oath. In a strict sense an Eidgenossenschaft is a confederacy of equal partners, which can be individuals or groups such as states, formed by a pact sealed by an oath on God. ...

The league was set up as a league for defense purposes against any attacker, probably prompted by the death of Rudolf I of Habsburg on 15 July 1291. Before his death, Habsburg attempted to reinforce his claim over Schwyz and Unterwalden which meant a succession of military interventions. The brass of the tomb of Rudolph I in Speyer Rudolph I (Rudolph of Hapsburg) (May 1, 1218 - July 15, 1291) was a German king. ... July 15 is the 196th day (197th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 169 days remaining. ... For broader historical context, see 1290s and 13th century. ...

The authenticity of the letter is disputed. Most historians agree that it is almost certainly a product of the 14th century. In 1991, the parchment was radiocarbon dated to between 1252 and 1312 (with a certainty of 85%). The document is thus certainly unrelated to the emergence of the modern federal state in 1848, as had sometimes been suggested before the carbon dating. It should rather be seen in the context of chapter 15 of the Golden Bull of 1356, where Charles IV outlawed any conjurationes, confederationes, and conspirationes, meaning in particular the city alliances (Städtebünde), but also other communal leagues that had sprung up through the communal movement in medieval Europe. This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ... 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Radiocarbon dating is a radiometric dating method that uses the naturally occurring isotope carbon-14 to determine the age of carbonaceous materials up to about 60,000 years. ... For broader historical context, see 1250s and 13th century. ... Events June 15 : Battle near Rozgoni Battle near Thebes Siege of Rostock begins Births November 13 - King Edward III of England Deaths June 19 - Piers Gaveston, favourite of Edward II of England September 7 - King Ferdinand IV of Castile Categories: 1312 ... 1848 (MDCCCXLVIII) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Golden Bull of 1356 was a decree issued by a Reichstag in Nuremberg headed by Emperor Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor (see Diet of Nuremberg) that fixed, for a period of more than four hundred years, an important aspect of the constitutional structure of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Charles IV, Holy Roman Emperor. ... Defensive towers at San Gimignano, Tuscany, bear witness to the factional strife within communes. ... Defensive towers at San Gimignano, Tuscany, bear witness to the factional strife within communes. ...

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Foedus pactum