NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Sydney Harbour Tunnel

The Sydney Harbour Tunnel is a tunnel in Sydney, Australia. The Sydney Harbour Tunnel was completed and opened to traffic in August 1992 to provide a second vehicular crossing of Sydney Harbour to alleviate congestion on the Sydney Harbour Bridge. The tunnel is made up of three sections: twin 900-metre land tunnels on the north shore, twin 400-metre land tunnels on the south shore and a 960-metre immersed tube (IMT) structure. It joins the Warringah Freeway at North Sydney and the Cahill Expressway at the entrance to the Domain Tunnel. The tunnel falls about 55 metres from the northern entrance and about 35 metres from the southern entrance to its deepest point, 20 metres below sea-level. The tunnel has two lanes in each direction. The tunnel runs at an angle of approximately thirty degrees (North to South) to the Sydney Harbour Bridge, which has eight lanes, with a tidal flow opertation. The IMT structure consists of eight precast concrete units. The units were constructed over 100 kilometres away in a dry dock at Port Kembla and then towed to Sydney Harbour. A trench was dredged prior to the arrival of the IMTs and then the IMTs were lowered into the trench by a system of pontoons and control towers. After the IMTs were in place the trenches were backfilled and then a rock armour was placed over the top to protect the units against marine hazards, such as anchors or sinking vessels. Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Metadata No higher resolution available. ... The Sydney Opera House on Sydney Harbour Sydney (pronounced ) is the most populous city in Australia, with a metropolitan area population of 4,119,190, and 151,920 in the City of Sydney, as of the 2006 census. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... Sydney Opera House and Sydney Harbour Bridge located on Port Jackson Port Jackson, containing Sydney Harbour, is the natural harbour of Sydney, Australia. ... JULIUS IS GAY!!! The Sydney Harbour Bridge is the main crossing of Sydney Harbour carrying rail, vehicular, and pedestrian traffic between the Sydney central business district (CBD) and the North Shore. ... An Immersed tube is a kind of underwater tunnel constructed using segments built elsewhere, floated and sunk into place, then welded together to form the tunnel. ... See also: North Sydney, Nova Scotia North Sydney is the name of a suburb, local and federal government area, and commercial district on the northern shore of Sydney Harbour in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... Precast concrete is an ancient type of construction material made with concrete cast in a reusable mold or form and cured in a controlled environment, then transported to the construction site and lifted into place. ... U.S. Navy submarine USS Greeneville in dry dock following collision with a fishing boat. ... Port Kembla is a seaport near Wollongong, in the Illawarra region of New South Wales, Australia. ...

The land tunnels were constructed by a combination of driving and cut-and-cover techniques. The total construction cost of the project was A$554 million. It was designed to be strong enough to withstand the impact of earthquakes and sinking ships. In 2005, it was carrying around 86,800 vehicles a day[1]. ISO 4217 Code AUD User(s) Australia, Kiribati, Nauru, Tuvalu, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island Inflation 3. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Partnerships

The Harbour Tunnel was a partnership between the NSW State Government and private investors via tender. Transfield Pty Limited and Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd formed a joint venture company which constructed the tunnel under contract . The tunnel is currently on a thirty-year lease, and will be handed back to the NSW State Government in August 2022. The tunnel was opened to the public to walk through from North Sydney (Falcon Street) to South Sydney (The Domain), on 27 August 1992. The proceeds of the tickets sold for this event were donated to the Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind Children. The tunnel opened to traffic on 31 August 1992[2]. Capital Sydney Government Constitutional monarchy Governor Professor Marie Bashir Premier Morris Iemma (ALP) Federal representation - House seats 50 - Senate seats 12 Gross State Product (2004-05) - Product ($m) $305,437 (1st) - Product per capita $45,153/person (4th) Population (End of March 2006) - Population 6,817,100 (1st) - Density 8. ... Transfield Services Limited (ASX: TSE) is an Australian company providing operations, maintenance and asset management services in the mining, transport and utility sectors. ... August 27 is the 239th day of the year (240th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ... The Royal Institute for Deaf and Blind Children in Sydney provides a range of educational services for students with vision and/or hearing impairment, including specialist schools for signing deaf students, oral deaf students, and students with sensory and intellectual disabilities. ... is the 243rd day of the year (244th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display full 1992 Gregorian calendar). ...

There was a lot of skepticism surrounding the appointment of Transfield International to build the tunnel, after other projects including IMT tunnels, carried out by the group, developed structural problems resulting in leaks.

One of the northern end pylons of the Sydney Harbour Bridge was altered to allow for air exhaust from the tunnel to rise over the harbour. Bradfield Park on the northern side of the bridge also has hidden air intakes behind some conspicuously placed bushes. JULIUS IS GAY!!! The Sydney Harbour Bridge is the main crossing of Sydney Harbour carrying rail, vehicular, and pedestrian traffic between the Sydney central business district (CBD) and the North Shore. ... The word bush re-directs here; for alternate uses see Bush (disambiguation). ...

Electronic tolling

Only southbound traffic (both for the Sydney Harbour Tunnel and Bridge) attracts a toll of A$3.00 (currently), which rises in 50¢ increments in line with the Australian Consumer Price Index. The NSW Government announced in 2006 that the Sydney Orbital Network by 2010, will be all "electronic" or "cashless"^{[citation needed]}. The Sydney Harbour Tunnel went fully electronic from July 2007 with both e-tag and e-pass video tolling arragements similar to those also providing cashless system when the Westlink M7, Cross City Tunnel and the Lane Cove Tunnel and Falcon Street Gateway opened, also the M2 Hills motorway from December 2007 will become cashless, just like this tunnel [3] [4] [5]. This measure has substantually eased the traffic jams heading towards the electronic gantries, maintaining a speed of 80 km/h, more convienience, time savings, less wear and tear, etc. ISO 4217 Code AUD User(s) Australia, Kiribati, Nauru, Tuvalu, Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island Inflation 3. ... A consumer price index (CPI) along with a population census, is one of the two most important products of national statistical offices. ... For the Manfred Mann album, see 2006 (album). ... The Sydney Orbital Network is a 110-km motorway ring-road in the city of Sydney, Australia. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

References

M1 Cahill Expressway, M2 Bradfield Highway, M1 Sydney Harbour Tunnel, M1/M2 F1 Warringah Freeway, M1/M2 Gore Hill Freeway and M4 Western Distributor. The Cahill Expressway was the first true freeway constructed in Sydney, Australia. ... The Bradfield Highway may refer to: The Bradfield Highway in Sydney, New South Wales The Bradfield Highway in Brisbane, Queensland Category: ... The Warringah Freeway looking south at its widest point - 16 lanes View of the Warringah Freeway looking north, over the inner western carriageway. ... Metroad 1 or M1 is one of Sydney, Australias Metroads. ... The Western Distributor is a primarily elevated small freeway in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia that links Victoria Road, White Bay (Rozelle), with the Bradfield Highway at the southern end of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. ...

Categories: Articles with unsourced statements since July 2007 | All articles with unsourced statements | Tunnels in Australia | Transport in Sydney M1 motorway marker Southbound Eastern Distributor tunnel entrance at Woolloomooloo The Eastern Distributor is a six-kilometre long motorway forming part of Sydney Metroad 1. ... The M2 Hills Motorway (also known as the Hills M2 Motorway, M2 Motorway or simply M2) is a motorway in north-western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... The M4 Western Motorway (also known as the M4 Motorway or simply M4) is a motorway in central Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... The M5 South Western Motorway (also known as the M5 South West Motorway, M5 Motorway or simply M5) is a motorway in south-western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... M7 Metroad marker M7 motorwaymarker Westlink M7, formerly named the Western Sydney Orbital, is one of Sydneys urban motorways and is a part of Sydney Metroad 7 and the Sydney Orbital Motorway network. ... The Cahill Expressway was the first true freeway constructed in Sydney, Australia. ... Metroad 1 or M1 is one of Sydney, Australias Metroads. ... Southern Cross Drive, near Moore Park Southern Cross Drive is a major road in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... Southern Freeway is a freeway linking Sydney to Wollongong. ... The M5 South Western Motorway (also known as the M5 South West Motorway, M5 Motorway or simply M5) is a motorway in south-western Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... Approximate road distances (in kilometres) of towns and cities along the Sydney-Newcastle Freeway from Sydney The Sydney-Newcastle Freeway is a 127-km stretch of motorway linking Sydney to the Central Coast, Newcastle and Hunter regions of New South Wales and is part of the AusLink road corridor between... The Warringah Freeway looking south at its widest point - 16 lanes View of the Warringah Freeway looking north, over the inner western carriageway. ... The Western Distributor is a primarily elevated small freeway in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia that links Victoria Road, White Bay (Rozelle), with the Bradfield Highway at the southern end of the Sydney Harbour Bridge. ... General Holmes Drive is a major road that runs through Brighton-Le-Sands and Kyeemagh in New South Wales, Australia. ... Metroad 1 or M1 is one of Sydney, Australias Metroads. ... Metroad 2 marker Metroad 2 is a Metroad in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. ... Metroad 3 or M3 is one of Sydney, Australias Metroads. ... Metroad 4 or M4 is one of Sydney, Australias Metroads. ... Metroad 5 (M5) is a main arterial route linking Sydneys city centre to its south western suburbs and beyond. ... The Metroad 6 or M6 is one of Sydney, Australias Metroads. ... Metroad 7 or M7 is one of Sydney, Australias former Metroads. ... The Metroad system in Sydney uses numbers 1-10 inside a blue-bordered hexagon, with the exception of motorway or freeway parts where the simple M#, where # is a number between 1-10, inside a white-bordered green rectangle. ... The Northern Road is signed as Metroad 9 Metroad 9 or M9 is one of Sydney, Australias Metroads. ... The old Glebe Island Bridge alongside its replacement The ANZAC Bridge or Anzac Bridge (both forms are used by the Roads and Traffic Authority), formerly known as the Glebe Island Bridge, is a large cable-stayed bridge spanning Johnstons Bay between Pyrmont and Rozelle in proximity to the central business... Cross City Tunnel exit at Sir John Young Crescent, Woolloomooloo. ... South-west view of Fig Tree Bridge in Sydney, from the southern abutment of the old bridge. ... Gladesville Bridge: The span of the bridge is 305 m (1,000 ft) and at its highest point gives a clearance of 61 m (200 ft). ... The Iron Cove Bridge links the suburbs of Rozelle and Drummoyne across Iron Cove in the inner-west of Sydney in New South Wales, Australia. ... The Lane Cove Tunnel is a AU$1. ... The Ryde Bridge is a bridge in Sydney, Australia that links the suburb of Ryde in Sydneys North Shore to the suburb of Rhodes in Sydneys Inner West. ... Spit Bridge by Night, from Ellerys Punt Reserve The Spit Bridge is a bascule bridge that carries Spit Road over Middle Harbour in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, at a point called The Spit, 10 km north-east of the CBD. It connects the suburbs of Mosman, on the... JULIUS IS GAY!!! The Sydney Harbour Bridge is the main crossing of Sydney Harbour carrying rail, vehicular, and pedestrian traffic between the Sydney central business district (CBD) and the North Shore. ... Tarban Creek Bridge is an arch bridge that spans Tarban Creek, west of central Sydney, Australia. ... The Sydney Orbital Network is a 110-km motorway ring-road in the city of Sydney, Australia. ... // There have been various forms of Sydney Bypass for decades. ... Metroad 4 or M4 is one of Sydney, Australias Metroads. ... The Marrickville Tunnel is a possible underground road tunnel that would link Sydneys Kingsford Smith International Airport with an undetermined location on Parramatta Road. ... If the vacant corridor that is left beetween the Westlink M7 and Castlereagh Road was built it would probably adopt the Metroad 8 marker. ... The Roads and Traffic Authority (RTA) is a New South Wales Government agency responsible for major road infrastructure, licensing of drivers, and registration of motor vehicles. ... Connector Motorways is an Australian toll road operator. ... Transurban is an Australian transnational Corporation which buys toll roads all over the world. ... Sydney Monorail above Market Street, Sydney Sydney has one of the most complex and extensive transportation systems in Australia. ...

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Electronic tolling

References

Partnerships