La mort du fossoyeur ("The death of the gravedigger") by Carlos Schwabe is a visual compendium of Symbolist motifs. Death and angels, pristine snow, and the dramatic poses of the characters all express Symbolist longings for transfiguration "anywhere, out of the world."

Symbolism was a late nineteenth century art movement of French and Belgian origin in poetry and other arts. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (550x764, 142 KB) The Death of the Grave Digger by Carlos Schwabe This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (550x764, 142 KB) The Death of the Grave Digger by Carlos Schwabe This image is in the public domain because its copyright has expired in the United States and those countries with a copyright term of life of the author plus... Categories: 1877 births | 1927 deaths | German painters | Swiss painters | Artist stubs ... “Grim Reaper” redirects here. ... The Archangel Michael by Guido Reni wears a late Roman military outfit in this 17th century depiction An angel is a supernatural being found in many religions. ... Snow is a type of precipitation in the form of crystalline water ice, consisting of a multitude of snowflakes that fall from clouds. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... An art movement is a tendency or style in art with a specific common philosophy or goal, followed by a group of artists during a restricted period of time, or, at least, with the heyday of the movement more or less strictly so restricted (usually a few months, years or... Symbolism, as a type and movement in poetry, emphasized non-structured internalized poetry that, for lack of better words, describe thoughts and feelings in disconnected ways and places logic, formal structure, and descriptive reality in the back seat. ...

Precursors and origins

Symbolism was largely a reaction against Naturalism and Realism, movements which attempted to objectively capture reality. These movements invited a reaction in favour of spirituality, the imagination, and dreams; the path to Symbolism begins with that reaction. Some writers, such as Joris-Karl Huysmans, began as naturalists before moving in the direction of Symbolism; for Huysmans, this change reflected his awakening interest in religion and spirituality. Naturalism is a movement in theater, film, and literature that seeks to replicate a believable everyday reality, as opposed to such movements as Romanticism or Surrealism, in which subjects may receive highly symbolic, idealistic, or even supernatural treatment. ... Realism in the visual arts and literature is the depiction of subjects as they appear in everyday life, without embellishment or interpretation. ... Spirituality, in a narrow sense, concerns itself with matters of the spirit. ... Imagination is accepted as the innate ability and process to invent partial or complete personal realms within the mind from elements derived from sense perceptions of the shared world. ... For other uses, see Dream (disambiguation). ... Joris-Karl Huysmans. ...

The Symbolist movement in literature has its roots in Les Fleurs du mal (The Flowers of Evil) by Charles Baudelaire. The aesthetic was developed by Stéphane Mallarmé and Paul Verlaine during the 1860s and '70s. During the 1880s, the esthetic was articulated through a series of manifestoes and attracted a generation of writers. The works of Edgar Allan Poe, which Baudelaire greatly admired and translated into French, were a significant influence and the source of many stock tropes and images. Les Fleurs du Mal (literal trans. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Portrait of Stéphane Mallarmé by Édouard Manet. ... Paul Verlaine Paul-Marie Verlaine (IPA: ; March 30, 1844–January 8, 1896) was a French poet associated with the Symbolist movement. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, playwright, editor, literary critic, essayist and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... In literature, a trope is a familiar and repeated symbol, meme, theme, motif, style, character or thing that permeates a particular type of literature. ...

Distinct from the Symbolist movement in literature, Symbolism in art represents an outgrowth of the more gothic and darker sides of Romanticism; but where Romanticism was impetuous and rebellious, Symbolist art was static and hieratic. Strawberry Hill, an English villa in the Gothic revival style, built by seminal Gothic writer Horace Walpole The gothic novel was a literary genre that belonged to Romanticism and began in the United Kingdom with The Castle of Otranto (1764) by Horace Walpole. ... Romantics redirects here. ...

Movement

The Symbolist Manifesto

Symbolists believed that art should aim to capture more absolute truths which could only be accessed by indirect methods. Thus, they wrote in a highly metaphorical and suggestive manner, endowing particular images or objects with symbolic meaning. The Symbolist manifesto (‘Le Symbolisme’, Le Figaro, 18 Sept 1886) was published in 1886 by Jean Moréas. Moréas announced that Symbolism was hostile to "plain meanings, declamations, false sentimentality and matter-of-fact description," and that its goal instead was to "clothe the Ideal in a perceptible form" whose "goal was not in itself, but whose sole purpose was to express the Ideal": // Frederick James Furnivall founds the Shelley Society September 18 — The Symbolist manifesto (‘Le Symbolisme’, Le Figaro} published this date by Jean Moréas, who announced that Symbolism was hostile to plain meanings, declamations, false sentimentality and matter-of-fact description, and that its goal instead was to clothe the Ideal... Jean Moréas (April 15, 1856 - April 30, 1910), born Iannis Papadiamontopolos, was a Greek poet who wrote in the French language. ...

In this art, scenes from nature, human activities, and all other real world phenomena will not be described for their own sake; here, they are perceptible surfaces created to represent their esoteric affinities with the primordial Ideals.

Techniques

The Symbolist poets wished to liberate techniques of versification in order to allow greater room for "fluidity", and as such were aligned with the movement towards free verse, a direction very much in evidence in the poems of Gustave Kahn. Symbolist poems sought to evoke, rather than to describe; symbolic imagery was used to signify the state of the poet's soul. Synesthesia was a prized experience; poets sought to identify and confound the separate senses of scent, sound, and colour. In Baudelaire's poem Correspondences which also speaks tellingly of forêts de symboles — forests of symbols — Free verse (also at times referred to as vers libre) is a term describing various styles of poetry that are not written using strict meter or rhyme, but that still are recognizable as poetry by virtue of complex patterns of one sort or another that readers will perceive to be... Gustave Kahn (December 21, 1859 - September 5, 1936) was a French Symbolist poet and art critic. ... The soul, according to many religious and philosophical traditions, is the self-aware essence unique to a particular living being. ... Synesthesia (also spelled synæsthesia or synaesthesia, plural synesthesiae or synaesthesiae)—from the Ancient Greek (syn), meaning with, and (aisthÄ“sis), meaning sensation—is a neurologically based phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to automatic, involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. ...

Il est des parfums frais comme des chairs d'enfants,
Doux comme les hautbois, verts comme les prairies,
— Et d'autres, corrompus, riches et triomphants,

Ayant l'expansion des choses infinies,
Comme l'ambre, le musc, le benjoin et l'encens,
Qui chantent les transports de l'esprit et des sens.

(There are perfumes that are fresh like children's flesh,
sweet like oboes, green like meadows
— And others, corrupt, rich, and triumphant,

having the expansiveness of infinite things,
like amber, musc, benzoin, and incense,
which sing of the raptures of the soul and senses.)

and Rimbaud's poem Voyelles: Rimbaud redirects here. ...

A noir, E blanc, I rouge, U vert, O bleu : voyelles. . .

(A black, E white, I red, U green, O blue: vowels. . .)

— both poets seek to identify one sense experience with another.

Paul Verlaine and the poètes maudits

But perhaps of the several attempts at defining the essence of Symbolism, none was more influential than Paul Verlaine's 1884 publication of a series of essays on Tristan Corbière, Arthur Rimbaud, and Stéphane Mallarmé, each of whom Verlaine numbered among the poètes maudits, "accursed poets." Paul Verlaine Paul-Marie Verlaine (IPA: ; March 30, 1844–January 8, 1896) was a French poet associated with the Symbolist movement. ... Year 1884 (MDCCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Tristan Corbière (July 18, 1845 – March 1, 1875), born Édouard-Joachim Corbière, a poet from Brittany who wrote in the French language, was born at Coat-Congar, where he lived most of his life and where he died. ... Rimbaud redirects here. ... Portrait of Stéphane Mallarmé by Édouard Manet. ...

Verlaine argued that in their individual and very different ways, each of these hitherto neglected poets found genius a curse; it isolated them from their contemporaries, and as a result these poets were not at all concerned to avoid hermeticism and idiosyncratic writing styles.^[1] Verlaine's concept of the poète maudit in turn borrows from Baudelaire, who opened his collection Les fleurs du mal with the poem Bénédiction, which describes a poet whose internal serenity remains undisturbed by the contempt of the people surrounding him.^[2] In this conception of genius and the role of the poet, Verlaine referred obliquely to the aesthetics of Arthur Schopenhauer, the philosopher of pessimism, who held that the purpose of art was to provide a temporary refuge from the world of blind strife of the will. A genius is a person of great intelligence. ... Hermeticism should not be confused with the concept of a hermit. ... Les Fleurs du Mal (literal trans. ... The Parthenons facade showing an interpretation of golden rectangles in its proportions. ... Arthur Schopenhauer (February 22, 1788 – September 21, 1860) was a German philosopher. ... Pessimism, generally, describes a belief that things are bad, and tend to become worse; or that looks to the eventual triumph of evil over good; it contrasts with optimism, the contrary belief in the goodness and betterment of things generally. ... // For the racing driver, see Will Power. ...

Philosophy

Schopenhauer's aesthetics reflected shared concerns with the Symbolist programme; they both tended to look to Art as a contemplative refuge from the world of strife and Will. From this desire for an artistic refuge from the world, the Symbolists took characteristic themes of mysticism and otherworldliness, a keen sense of mortality, and a sense of the malign power of sexuality. Mallarmé's poem Les fenêtres ([1]) expresses all of these themes clearly. A dying man in a hospital bed, seeking escape from the pain and dreariness of his physical surroundings, turns toward his window; turns away in disgust from: Arthur Schopenhauers aesthetics flow from his doctrine of the primacy of the Will as the thing in itself, the ground of life and all being; and from his judgment that the Will is evil. ... // For the racing driver, see Will Power. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about human sexual perceptions. ...

. . . l'homme à l'âme dure
Vautré dans le bonheur, où ses seuls appétits
Mangent, et qui s'entête à chercher cette ordure
Pour l'offrir à la femme allaitant ses petits,

". . . the hard-souled man,
Wallowing in happiness, where only his appetites
Feed, and who insists on seeking out this filth
To offer to the wife suckling his children,"

and in contrast, he "turns his back on life" (tourne l’épaule à la vie) and he exclaims:

Je me mire et me vois ange! Et je meurs, et j'aime
— Que la vitre soit l'art, soit la mysticité —
A renaître, portant mon rêve en diadème,
Au ciel antérieur où fleurit la Beauté!

"I marvel at myself, I seem an angel! and I die, and I love
--- Whether the glass might be art, or mysticism ---
To be reborn, bearing my dream as a diadem,
Under that former sky where Beauty once flourished!"

The Symbolist movement has frequently been confused with Decadence. Several young writers were derisively referred to in the press as "decadent" in the mid 1880s. Jean Moréas' manifesto was largely a response to this polemic. A few of these writers embraced the term while most avoided it. Although the æsthetics of Symbolism and Decadence can be seen as overlapping in some areas, the two remain distinct. In 19th century European and especially French literature, decadence was the name given, first by hostile critics, and then triumphantly adopted by some writers themselves, to a number of late nineteenth century fin de siècle writers who were associated with Symbolism or the Aesthetic movement and who relished artifice...

Literary world

A number of important literary publications were founded by Symbolists or became associated with the movement; the first was La Vogue founded in April 1886. In October of that same year, Jean Moréas, Gustave Kahn, and Paul Adam began Le Symboliste. One of the most important Symbolist journals was Le Mercure de France, edited by Alfred Vallette, which succeeded La Pléiade; founded in 1890, this periodical lasted until 1965. Pierre Louÿs founded La conque, a periodical whose Symbolist leanings were alluded to by Jorge Luis Borges in his story Pierre Menard, Author of the Quixote. Other Symbolist literary magazines included La Revue blanche, La Revue wagnérienne, La Plume and La Wallonie. Jean Moréas (April 15, 1856 - April 30, 1910), born Iannis Papadiamontopolos, was a Greek poet who wrote in the French language. ... Gustave Kahn (December 21, 1859 - September 5, 1936) was a French Symbolist poet and art critic. ... Paul Adam (December 7, 1862 - January 2, 1920) was a French novelist. ... The Mercure de France was a French gazette and literary magazine first published from 1672 to 1724 (with an interruption in 1674-1677) under the title Mercure galant (sometimes spelled Mercure gallant) (1672-1674) and Nouveau Mercure galant (1677-1724). ... Alfred Vallette (1858 - 1935) was a French man of letters. ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... Pierre Louys (1870 - 1925) was a French author, writer and poet. ... Jorge Luis Borges (August 24, 1899 – June 14, 1986) was an Argentine writer. ... Pierre Menard is a fictional 20th century writer, created by Jorge Luis Borges. ... La Plume Township is a township located in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania. ...

Rémy de Gourmont and Félix Fénéon were literary critics associated with the Symbolist movement. Drama by Symbolist authors formed an important part of the repertoire of the Théâtre de l'Œuvre and the Théâtre des Arts. Remy de Gourmont (April 4, 1858 - September 27, 1915) was a French Symbolist poet, novelist, and influential critic. ... Félix Fénéon, painted by Paul Signac in 1890. ... Literary criticism is the study, discussion, evaluation, and interpretation of literature. ...

The Symbolist and Decadent literary movements were satirized in a book of poetry called Les Déliquescences d'Adoré Floupette, published in 1885 by Henri Beauclair and Gabriel Vicaire. [2] 1867 edition of the satirical magazine Punch, a British satirical magazine, ground-breaking on popular literature satire. ... 1885 (MDCCCLXXXV) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ...

In other media

In the visual arts

Fernand Khnopff's The Caress

Symbolism in literature is distinct from Symbolism in art although the two overlapped on a number of points. In painting, Symbolism was a continuation of some mystical tendencies in the Romantic tradition, which included such artists as Caspar David Friedrich, Fernand Khnopff and John Henry Fuseli and it was even more closely aligned with the self-consciously dark and private Decadent Movement. The Caress by Fernand Khnopff, 1887 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... The Caress by Fernand Khnopff, 1887 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... This Belgian biographical article is a stub. ... Romantics redirects here. ... Self-portrait in chalk, 1810 by fellow artist Georg Friedrich Kersting, 1812 Caspar David Friedrich (September 5, 1774 – May 7, 1840) was a 19th century German romantic painter, considered by many critics to be one of the finest representatives of the movement. ... This Belgian biographical article is a stub. ... Henry Fuseli (in German Johann Heinrich Füssli) (February 7, 1741 - April 16, 1825) was a British painter and writer on art, of German-Swiss family. ... In 19th century European and especially French literature, decadence was the name given, first by hostile critics, and then triumphantly adopted by some writers themselves, to a number of late nineteenth century fin de siècle writers who were associated with Symbolism or the Aesthetic movement and who relished artifice...

Sonata of the Sea. Finale (1908) by Lithuanian painter Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis

There were several, rather dissimilar, groups of Symbolist painters and visual artists, among whom Gustave Moreau, Gustav Klimt, Odilon Redon, Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Henri Fantin-Latour, Edvard Munch, Félicien Rops, and Jan Toorop were numbered. Symbolism in painting had an even larger geographical reach than Symbolism in poetry, reaching Mikhail Vrubel, Nicholas Roerich, Victor Borisov-Musatov, Martiros Saryan, Mikhail Nesterov, Leon Bakst in Russia, as well as Frida Kahlo in Mexico, Elihu Vedder, Remedios Varo, Morris Graves, David Chetlahe Paladin, and Elle Nicolai in the United States. Auguste Rodin is sometimes considered a Symbolist in sculpture. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 481 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (584 × 727 pixel, file size: 50 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 481 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (584 × 727 pixel, file size: 50 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Mikalojus Konstantinas ÄŒiurlionis Kings Fairy Tale (1908-1909) Stillness (1904-1905) Mikalojus Konstantinas ÄŒiurlionis (September 22 [O.S. September 10]]] 1875 in VarÄ—na —April 10 [O.S. March 28] 1911 in Pustelnik near Warsaw) was a Lithuanian painter and composer. ... Symbolist painters were part of a 19th century movement in which art became infused with mysticism, and by the closely allied Symbolist movement in literature. ... Self portrait of Gustav Moreau, 1850 Gustave Moreau (April 6, 1826 – April 18, 1898) was a French Symbolist painter. ... Gustav Klimt (July 14, 1862 – February 6, 1918) was an Austrian Symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Art Nouveau (Vienna Secession) movement. ... Self portrait, 1880, Musée dOrsay. ... The Poor Fisherman Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pierre-Cécile Puvis de Chavannes Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, (December 14, 1824 – October 24, 1898) was a French painter. ... Self Portrait by Henri Fantin-Latour (1859), at the Musée des Beaux-Arts, Grenoble Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Henri Fantin-Latour Henri Fantin-Latour (January 14, 1836 - August 25, 1904) was a French painter and lithographer. ... The Scream. ... Satan Sowing Seeds, by Félicien Rops Félicien Rops (July 7, 1833 - August 23, 1898) was a Belgian artist and engraver. ... O Grave, Where Is Thy Victory? (1892) Jan Toorop (1858-1928) was a Dutch painter whose works straddle the space between the Symbolist painters and Art Nouveau. ... Self-portrait, 1885 Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel (Russian: Михаил Александрович Врубель;March 17, 1856 - April 14, 1910, all n. ... Guests from Overseas, 1899 (Varangians in Russia) Longships Are Built in the Land of the Slavs (1903) Nicholas Roerich, (October 9, 1874 - December 13, 1947) also known as Nikolai Konstantinovich Rerikh (Russian: Николай Константинович Рёрих), was a Russian painter and spiritual teacher. ... Self-Portrait with sister, 1898 Victor Elpifidorovich Borisov-Musatov (Russian: ), (April 14 [O.S. April 2] 1870 - November 8 [O.S. October 26] 1905) was a Russian painter, prominent for his unique Post-Impressionistic style that mixed symbolism, pure decorative style and realism. ... Martiros Saryan (Armenian: ) (28 February [O.S. 16 February] 1880 — 5 May 1972) was a Russian-born Armenian painter. ... Holy Vision to Youth Bartholomew (1890) Mikhail Vasilyevich Nesterov (May 19, 1862, Ufa - October 18, 1942, Moscow) was a leading representative of religious Symbolism in Russian art. ... Leon Bakst (1866-1942) was a Russian painter and scene- and costume- designer. ... Frida Kahlo (July 6, 1907 – July 13, 1954) was a Mexican painter who depicted the indigenous culture of her country in a style combining Realism, Symbolism and Surrealism. ... Elihu Vedder (1864, New York City - 1923) was an American symbolist painter, book illustrator, and poet. ... Useless Science or the Alchemist, 1955 Remedios Varo Uranga (December 16, 1908 - October 8, 1963) was a surrealist painter. ... Morris Graves (August 28, 1910 - May 5, 2001) was a notable 20th century artist and a founder of the Northwest School. ... Elle Nicolaï is a California artist who creates transcendental paintings, symbolic drawings on paper, and spiritual photography. ... Auguste Rodin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ...

The Symbolist painters mined mythology and dream imagery for a visual language of the soul, seeking evocative paintings that brought to mind a static world of silence. The symbols used in Symbolism are not the familiar emblems of mainstream iconography but intensely personal, private, obscure and ambiguous references. More a philosophy than an actual style of art, the Symbolist painters influenced the contemporary Art Nouveau movement and Les Nabis. In their exploration of dreamlike subjects, symbolist painters are found across centuries and cultures, as they are still today; Bernard Delvaille has described René Magritte's surrealism as "Symbolism plus Freud". Emblem and symbol are often used interchangeably in day-to-day conversation without harm. ... Look up Iconography in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Vitebsk Railway Station one of the finest examples of Art Nouveau architecture. ... Nabis (or Les Nabis; the prophets, from the Hebrew term for prophet) was a group of young post-impressionist avant-garde Parisian artists of the 1890s that influenced the fine arts and graphic arts in France at the turn of the 20th century. ... This is not a pipe. ... Sigmund Freud (IPA: ), born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (May 6, 1856 – September 23, 1939), was an Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. ...

Music

Symbolism had some influence in music as well. Many Symbolist writers and critics were early enthusiasts for the music of Richard Wagner, a fellow student of Schopenhauer. For other uses, see Music (disambiguation). ... Richard Wagner Wilhelm Richard Wagner (22 May 1813 – 13 February 1883) was a German composer, conductor, music theorist, and essayist, primarily known for his operas (or music dramas as they were later called). ...

The Symbolist aesthetic had a deep impact on the works of Claude Debussy. His choices of libretti, texts, and themes come almost exclusively from the Symbolist canon: in particular, compositions such as his settings of Cinq poèmes de Baudelaire, various art songs on poems by Verlaine, the opera Pelléas et Mélisande with a libretto by Maurice Maeterlinck, and his unfinished sketches that illustrate two Poe stories, The Devil in the Belfry and The Fall of the House of Usher, all indicate that Debussy was profoundly influenced by Symbolist themes and tastes. His best known work, the Prélude à l'après-midi d'un faune, was inspired by a poem by Mallarmé, L'après-midi d'un faune. Claude Debussy, photo by Félix Nadar, 1908. ... Antonio Ghislanzoni, nineteenth century Italian librettist. ... Lied (plural Lieder) is a German word, literally meaning song; among English speakers, however, it is used primarily as a term for European classical music songs, also known as art songs. Typically, Lieder are arranged for a single singer and piano. ... The Teatro alla Scala in Milan, Italy. ... Pelléas et Mélisande is the name of several dramatic works. ... Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck, Belgian author Count Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (August 29, 1862 - May 6, 1949) was a Belgian poet, playwright, and essayist. ... The Devil in the Belfry is a short story by Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Fall of the House of Usher is a short story written by Edgar Allan Poe. ... The Prélude à laprès-midi dun faune (or Prelude to the Afternoon of a Faun) is a musical composition for orchestra by Claude Debussy that was first performed in 1894. ... Frontispiece for Laprès-midi dún faune, drawing by Édouard Manet. ...

Aleksandr Scriabin's compositions are also influenced by the Symbolist aesthetic. Arnold Schoenberg's Pierrot Lunaire takes its text from German translations of the Symbolist poems by Albert Giraud, showing a link between German expressionism and Symbolism. Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin Alexander Nikolayevich Scriabin (Russian: Александр Николаевич Скрябин, Aleksandr Nikolajevič Skriabin; sometimes transliterated as Skryabin or Scriabine (6 January 1872 [O.S. 26 December 1871]—27 April 1915) was a Russian composer and pianist. ... Schoenberg redirects here. ... Dreimal sieben Gedichte aus Albert Girauds Pierrot lunaire, (three times seven poems from Albert Girauds Pierrot lunaire), commonly known as Pierrot Lunaire (Moonstruck Pierrot or Pierrot in the moonlight), Op. ... Albert Giraud (1860-1929) was a Belgian poet writing in the French language. ...

Prose fiction

Symbolism's cult of the static and hieratic adapted less well to narrative fiction than it did to poetry. Joris-Karl Huysmans' 1884 novel À rebours (English title: Against Nature) contained many themes which became associated with the Symbolist esthetic. This novel in which very little happens is a catalogue of the tastes and inner life of Des Esseintes, an eccentric, reclusive antihero. The novel was imitated by Oscar Wilde in several passages of The Picture of Dorian Gray. Joris-Karl Huysmans. ... This article is about the literary concept. ... À rebours (translated into English as Against the Grain or Against Nature) (1884) is a novel by the French novelist Joris-Karl Huysmans. ... In literature and film, an anti-hero is a central or supporting character that has some of the personality flaws and ultimate fortune traditionally assigned to villains but nonetheless also have enough heroic qualities or intentions to gain the sympathy of readers or viewers. ... Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 – November 30, 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and author of short stories. ... The Picture of Dorian Gray is the only published novel written by Oscar Wilde, and first came out as the lead story in Lippincotts Monthly Magazine on 20 June 1890. ...

Paul Adam was the most prolific and most representative author of Symbolist novels. Les Demoiselles Goubert co-written with Jean Moréas in 1886 is an important transitional work between Naturalism and Symbolism. Few Symbolists used this form. One exception is Gustave Kahn who published Le Roi fou in 1896. Other fiction that is sometimes considered Symbolist is the cynical misanthropic (and especially, misogynistic) tales of Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly. Gabriele d'Annunzio wrote his first novels in the Symbolist vein. Paul Adam (December 7, 1862 - January 2, 1920) was a French novelist. ... Jean Moréas (April 15, 1856 - April 30, 1910), born Iannis Papadiamontopolos, was a Greek poet who wrote in the French language. ... Gustave Kahn (December 21, 1859 - September 5, 1936) was a French Symbolist poet and art critic. ... Jules Amédée Barbey dAurevilly (November 2, 1808 – April 23, 1889), was a French novelist. ... Gabriele dAnnunzio (12 March 1863, Pescara – 1 March 1938, Gardone Riviera, province of Brescia) was an Italian poet, writer, novelist, dramatist and daredevil, who went on to have a controversial role in politics as a precursor of the fascist movement. ...

Theatre

The same emphasis on an internal life of dreams and fantasies have made Symbolist theatre difficult to reconcile with more recent tastes and trends. Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam's drama Axel (rev. ed. 1890) is a definitive Symbolist play; in it, two Rosicrucian aristocrats fall in love while trying to kill each other, only to agree to mutually commit suicide because nothing in life could equal their fantasies. From this play, Edmund Wilson took the title Axel's Castle for his influential study of the Symbolist aftermath in literature. Jean-Marie-Mathias-Philippe-Auguste, comte de Villiers de lIsle-Adam (November 7, 1838 – August 19, 1889) was a French symbolist writer. ... Axel can refer to: The shaft on which a wheel turns (Usually spelled axle). ... Year 1890 (MDCCCXC) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the Julian calendar). ... The Temple of the Rose Cross, Teophilus Schweighardt Constantiens, 1618. ... Edmund Wilson (May 8, 1895 – June 12, 1972) was an American writer, noted chiefly for his literary criticism. ...

Maurice Maeterlinck was another Symbolist playwright; his theatrical output includes both Pelléas and Melisande, and L'Oiseau Bleu ("The Blue Bird"), another theatrical fantasy. The later works of the Russian playwright Anton Chekhov have been identified as being deeply influenced by Symbolist pessimism. Under Symbolist influence, the Russian actor and director Vsevolod Meyerhold developed a balletic theory of acting in contrast to Konstantin Stanislavski's system, which focused on learning gestures and movements as a way of expressing outward emotion. Meyerhold's method was influential in early motion pictures, and especially on the works of Sergei Eisenstein. Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck, Belgian author Count Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (August 29, 1862 - May 6, 1949) was a Belgian poet, playwright, and essayist. ... The Blue Bird refers to several things: The Blue Bird (original title LOiseau Bleu) is the title of a story by Maurice Maeterlinck. ... Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (Russian: , IPA: ) was a Russian short story writer and playwright. ... Vsevolod Emilevich Meyerhold (born Karl Kazimir Theodor Meyerhold) (1874 - 1940) was a Russian theatrical director, actor and theorist. ... For other uses, see Ballet (disambiguation). ... A portrait of Konstantin Stanislavski by Valentin Serov. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... For other uses see film (disambiguation) Film refers to the celluliod media on which movies are printed Film — also called movies, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows, flicks, or motion pictures, — is a field that encompasses motion pictures as an art form or as... Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (Russian: Сергей Михайлович Эйзенштейн, Latvian: Sergejs EizenÅ¡teins) (January 23, 1898 – February 11, 1948) was a revolutionary Soviet film director and film theorist noted in particular for his silent films Strike, Battleship Potemkin and Oktober. ...

Aftermath

In the English speaking world, the closest counterpart to Symbolism was Aestheticism; the Pre-Raphaelites, also, were contemporaries of the earlier Symbolists, and have much in common with them. Symbolism had a significant influence on Modernism and its traces can be seen in a number of modernist artists, including T. S. Eliot, Wallace Stevens, Conrad Aiken, Hart Crane, and William Butler Yeats in the anglophone tradition and Rubén Darío in Hispanic letters. The early poems of Guillaume Apollinaire have strong affinities with Symbolism. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Aesthetic movement is a loosely defined movement in art and literature in later nineteenth-century Britain. ... The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood was a group of English painters, poets and critics, founded in 1848 by John Everett Millais, Dante Gabriel Rossetti and William Holman Hunt. ... For Christian theological modernism, see Liberal Christianity and Modernism (Roman Catholicism). ... Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM (September 26, 1888 – January 4, 1965), was a poet, dramatist and literary critic. ... Wallace Stevens Wallace Stevens (October 2, 1879 – August 2, 1955) was a major American Modernist poet. ... Conrad Potter Aiken (August 5, 1889 – August 17, 1973) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American author, born in Savannah, Georgia, whose work includes poetry, short stories and novels. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... William Butler Yeats, 1933. ... A framed picture of Rubén Darío hanging in the National Theater. ... Guillaume Apollinaire Guillaume Apollinaire (August 26, 1880 – November 9, 1918) was a poet, writer, and art critic. ...

Edmund Wilson's 1931 study Axel's Castle focuses on the continuity with Symbolism and a number of important writers of the early twentieth century, with a particular focus on Yeats, Eliot, Paul Valéry, Marcel Proust, James Joyce, and Gertrude Stein. Wilson concluded that the Symbolists represented a dreaming retreat into: Edmund Wilson (May 8, 1895 – June 12, 1972) was an American writer, noted chiefly for his literary criticism. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For other people of the same name, see Valery. ... “Proust” redirects here. ... James Augustine Aloysius Joyce (Irish Séamus Seoighe; 2 February 1882 – 13 January 1941) was an Irish expatriate writer, widely considered to be one of the most influential writers of the 20th century. ... Gertrude Stein (February 3, 1874 – July 27, 1946) was an American writer who was a catalyst in the development of modern art and literature. ...

. . .things that are dying—the whole belle-lettristic tradition of Renaissance culture perhaps, compelled to specialize more and more, more and more driven in on itself, as industrialism and democratic education have come to press it closer and closer.

Russian symbolist painters included Mikhail Vrubel (1856-1910).

As the movement was losing its forward movement in France, after the turn of the twentieth century it became a major force in Russian poetry. The Russian Symbolist movement, steeped in the Eastern Orthodoxy and the religious doctrines of Vladimir Solovyov, had little in common with the French movement of the same name. It was the starting point of the careers of several major poets such as Alexander Blok, Andrei Bely, and Marina Tsvetaeva. Bely's novel Petersburg (1912) is considered the greatest monument of Russian symbolist prose. Belles lettres literary works, esp essays and poetry, valued for their aesthetic qualities (i. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (586x864, 141 KB)Mikhail Vrubel. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (586x864, 141 KB)Mikhail Vrubel. ... Self-portrait, 1885 Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel (Russian: Михаил Александрович Врубель;March 17, 1856 - April 14, 1910, all n. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ... Russian literature refers to the literature of Russia or its émigrés, and to the Russian-language literature of several independent nations once a part of what was historically Russia or the Soviet Union. ... Mikhail Nesterovs painting Vision to Youth Bartholomew (1890) is often taken as a starting point of Russian Symbolism. ... ... Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov (Владимир Сергеевич Соловьёв) (1853 - 1900) was a Russian philosopher, poet, pamphleteer, literary critic, who played a significant role in the development of Russian philosophy and poetry at the end of the 19th century. ... Blok in 1907 Alexander Blok (Александр Александрович Блок, November 28 [O.S. November 16] 1880 – August 7, 1921), was perhaps the most gifted lyrical poet produced by Russia after Alexander Pushkin. ... Leon Bakst Portrait of Andrei Bely Andrei Bely (Андрей Белый) was the pseudonym of Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev (October 14, 1880 (Old Style)- January 8, 1934), a Russian novelist, poet, theorist, and literary critic. ... Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (Russian: ) (October 9, 1892 – August 31, 1941) was a Russian poet and writer. ...

In Romania, Symbolists directly influenced by French poetry were first influential in the 1880s, when Alexandru Macedonski reunited a group of young poets around his magazine Literatorul. Polemicizing with the established Junimea and overshadowed by the influence of Mihai Eminescu, Symbolism was recovered as an inspiration during and after the 1910s, when it was voiced in the works of Tudor Arghezi, Ion Minulescu, George Bacovia, Ion Barbu, Mateiu Caragiale and Tudor Vianu, and held in esteem by the modernist magazine Sburătorul. Alexandru Macedonski (1854-1920) was a Romanian poet, especially known for having promoted French symbolism in his native country. ... Junimea was a Romanian literary society founded in IaÅŸi in 1863, by the initiative of some foreign educated personalities led by Titu Maiorescu, Petre P. Carp, Vasile Pogor and Iacob Negruzzi. ... Mihai Eminescu (pronunciation in Romanian: ) (January 15, 1850 – June 15, 1889), born Mihail Eminovici, was a late Romantic poet, the best-known and most influential Romanian poet celebrated in both Romania and Moldova. ... Tudor Arghezi (May 21, 1880-1967) was a notable Romanian poet and childrens author. ... Ion Minulescu (1881-1944) was an avante-garde Romanian poet, prose writer, and playwright. ... (I have erased this article because, first of all, it was in Romanian and this is the English Wikipedia and, second of all, it contained a poorly written attack directed at the genius of the Romanian poet George Bacovia. ... Ion Barbu (pen name of Dan Barbilian) (1885-1961) was a distinguished Romanian mathematician and poet of Armenian descent. ... Mateiu Caragiale (25 March 1885-17 January 1936) was a Romanian writer, born in Bucharest as the illegitimate son of playwright Ion Luca Caragiale and Maria Constantinescu. ... Tudor Vianu was born on January 8, 1898 in Giurgiu, Romania. ... For Christian theological modernism, see Liberal Christianity and Modernism (Roman Catholicism). ... Sburătorul was a Romanian modernist literary magazine and literary society, established in Bucharest in April 1919. ...

The Symbolist painters were an important influence on expressionism and surrealism in painting, two movements which descend directly from Symbolism proper. The harlequins, paupers, and clowns of Pablo Picasso's "Blue Period" show the influence of Symbolism, and especially of Puvis de Chavannes. In Belgium, where Symbolism had penetrated deeply, so much so that it came to be thought of as a national style, the static strangeness of painters like René Magritte can be seen as a direct continuation of Symbolism. The work of some Symbolist visual artists, such as Jan Toorop, directly impacted the curvilinear forms of art nouveau. The Scream by Edvard Munch (1893) which inspired 20th century Expressionists Portrait of Eduard Kosmack by Egon Schiele Rehe im Walde by Franz Marc Elbe Bridge I by Rolf Nesch On White II by Wassily Kandinsky, 1923. ... Max Ernst. ... “Arlecchino” redirects here. ... “Picasso” redirects here. ... Self-portrait with Cloak (1901) The Blue Period of Picasso, between 1901 and 1904, was when the style of Pablo Picassos paintings were heavily emotional, often in the form of blue colors. ... This is not a pipe. ... O Grave, Where Is Thy Victory? (1892) Jan Toorop (1858-1928) was a Dutch painter whose works straddle the space between the Symbolist painters and Art Nouveau. ... Vitebsk Railway Station one of the finest examples of Art Nouveau architecture. ...

Many early motion pictures, also, contain a good deal of Symbolist visual imagery and themes in their staging, set designs, and imagery. The films of German Expressionism owe a great deal to Symbolist imagery. The virginal "good girls" seen in the films of D. W. Griffith, and the silent movie "bad girls" portrayed by Theda Bara, both show the continuing influence of Symbolist imagery, as do the Babylonian scenes from Griffith's Intolerance. Symbolist imagery lived on longest in the horror film; as late as 1932, a horror film such as Carl Theodor Dreyer's Vampyr shows the obvious influence of Symbolist imagery; parts of the film resemble tableau vivant re-creations of the early paintings of Edvard Munch. “Moving picture” redirects here. ... Expressionism in filmmaking developed in Germany (especially Berlin) during the 1920s. ... David Llewelyn Wark D.W. Griffith (January 22, 1875 – July 23, 1948) was an American film director. ... This article is about the comedy film. ... Theda Bara was the stage name of Theodosia Burr Goodman (July 29, 1885 - April 13, 1955), a silent film actress. ... For other uses, see Babylon (disambiguation). ... Intolerance is a silent film directed by D.W. Griffith in 1916. ... “Horror Movie” redirects here. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will display full 1932 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Carl Theodor Dreyer (February 3, 1889 - March 20, 1968) was a Danish film director. ... Baron Nicolas de Gunzburg (who appeared under the screen name Julian West). ... The Scream. ...

Symbolists

Hugo Simberg's The Wounded Angel.

Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Hugo Simberg (June 24, 1873 - July 12, 1917) was a Finnish symbolist painter and graphic artist. ... The Wounded Angel (Finnish: ) (1903) is a painting by Finnish symbolist painter Hugo Simberg. ...

Precursors

• William Blake (1757-1827)
• Caspar David Friedrich (1774-1840)
• Gérard de Nerval (1808-55)
• Edgar Allan Poe (1809-49)
• Charles Baudelaire (1821-67)
• Dante Gabriel Rossetti (1828-82)
• Isidore Ducasse, comte de Lautréamont (1846-70)
• Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880)

William Blake (November 28, 1757 – August 12, 1827) was an English poet, visionary, painter, and printmaker. ... Self-portrait in chalk, 1810 by fellow artist Georg Friedrich Kersting, 1812 Caspar David Friedrich (September 5, 1774 – May 7, 1840) was a 19th century German romantic painter, considered by many critics to be one of the finest representatives of the movement. ... Gérard de Nerval (May 22, 1808 – January 26, 1855) was the nom-de-plume of the French poet, essayist and translator Gérard Labrunie, the most essentially Romantic among French poets. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, playwright, editor, literary critic, essayist and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Dante Gabriel Rossetti (May 12, 1828 - April 10, 1882) was an English poet, painter and translator. ... Comte de Lautréamont is a pseudonym for Isidore Lucien Ducasse (Montevideo, Uruguay, April 4, 1846 - Paris, November 24, 1870), a French poet and writer. ... Gustave Flaubert Gustave Flaubert (December 12, 1821 – May 8, 1880) was a French writer who is counted among the greatest Western novelists. ...

Authors

(listed by year of birth)

George MacDonald George MacDonald (December 10, 1824 – September 18, 1905) was a Scottish author, poet, and Christian minister. ... Jean-Marie-Mathias-Philippe-Auguste, comte de Villiers de lIsle-Adam (November 7, 1838 – August 19, 1889) was a French symbolist writer. ... Portrait of Stéphane Mallarmé by Édouard Manet. ... Paul Verlaine Paul-Marie Verlaine (IPA: ; March 30, 1844–January 8, 1896) was a French poet associated with the Symbolist movement. ... Rimbaud redirects here. ... Georges Raymond Constantin Rodenbach (born July 16, 1855 in Tournai, Belgium; died December 25, 1898 in Paris) was a Belgian Symbolist poet. ... Alexandre Benois Portrait of Innokenty Annensky Innokentiy Fyodorovich Annensky (Russian: , 1855-1909) was a poet, critic and translator, representative of the first wave of the Russian Symbolism. ... Emile Verhaeren (May 21, 1855- November 27, 1916) was a Belgian poet writing in the French language, and one of the chief founders of the school of Symbolism. ... Jean Moréas (April 15, 1856 - April 30, 1910), born Iannis Papadiamontopolos, was a Greek poet who wrote in the French language. ... Albert Samain (1858-1900) was a French poet and writer of the Symbolist school. ... Rémy de Gourmont (April 4, 1858 - September 27, 1915) was a French Symbolist poet and influential critic. ... Gustave Kahn (December 21, 1859 - September 5, 1936) was a French Symbolist poet and art critic. ... Albert Giraud (1860-1929) was a Belgian poet writing in the French language. ... Jules Laforgue (August 16, 1860–August 20, 1887) was a French poet born in Montevideo, Uruguay. ... Paul Adam (December 7, 1862 - January 2, 1920) was a French novelist. ... Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck, Belgian author Count Maurice Polydore Marie Bernard Maeterlinck (August 29, 1862 - May 6, 1949) was a Belgian poet, playwright, and essayist. ... Stuart Merrill (1863-1915) was a American poet, born in Hampstead, New York, who wrote in the French language. ... Fyodor Sologub (Russian: , real name Фёдор Кузьмыч Тетерников) (March 1 (O.S. February 17) 1863 - December 5, 1927) was the pen name of Fyodor Kuzmich Teternikov, a Russian Symbolist poet and author. ... Francis Viélé-Griffin (May 26, 1864 - November 12, 1937), French poet, was born at Norfolk, Virginia, USA. He was educated in France, dividing his time between Paris and Touraine. ... Henri de Régnier (1864–1936) was a French symbolist poet considered the foremost of France during the early 20th century. ... This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Dmitry Merezhkovsky Dmitry Sergeyevich Merezhkovsky Дмитрий Сергеевич Мережковский (August 14, 1865, St Petersburg-December 9, 1941, Paris) was one of the earliest and most eminent ideologues of Russian Symbolism. ... Albert Mockel (December 27, 1866 - January 30, 1945) was a Belgian Symbolist poet. ... Portrait by Konstantin Somov (1906). ... Valentin Serov: Portrait of Konstantin Balmont. ... Zinaida Nikolaevna Gippius (1865 - 1945) was a Russian symbolist poet and author. ... Paul Valéry (October 30, 1871 - July 20, 1945) was a French author and poet of the Symbolist school. ... Paul Fort (February 1, 1872 - April 20, 1960) was a French poet. ... Alfred Jarry Alfred Jarry (September 8, 1873 – November 1, 1907) was a French writer born in Laval, Mayenne, France, not far from the border of Brittany; he was of Breton descent on his mothers side. ... Portrait by Mikhail Vrubel Valery Yakovlevich Bryusov (Russian: ) (December 1, 1873 – October 9, 1924) was a Russian poet, prose writer, dramatist, translator, critic and historian. ... Jurgis BaltruÅ¡aitis (born in Paantvardziani in 1873 – died in Paris in 1944) was a Lithuanian poet, who wrote his literary works in Lithuanian and Russian. ... Maximilian Alexandrovich Kirienko-Voloshin (1877 - 1932) was one of the significant representatives of the epoch of symbolism in Russian culture and literature. ... Renée Vivien, born as Pauline Tarn (1877-November 10, 1909) was an American poet who wrote in the French language. ... Émile Nelligan (December 24, 1879 - November 18, 1941) was a French language poet from Quebec, Canada. ... Blok in 1907 Alexander Blok (Александр Александрович Блок, November 28 [O.S. November 16] 1880 – August 7, 1921), was perhaps the most gifted lyrical poet produced by Russia after Alexander Pushkin. ... Leon Bakst Portrait of Andrei Bely Andrei Bely (Андрей Белый) was the pseudonym of Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev (October 14, 1880 (Old Style)- January 8, 1934), a Russian novelist, poet, theorist, and literary critic. ... Dimcho Debelyanov (Bulgarian: ) (28 March 1887 - 2 October 1916) was a Bulgarian poet and author whose death in the First World War cut off his promising literary career. ...

Influence in English literature

English language authors that influenced, or were influenced by Symbolism include: The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

Algernon Swinburne, detail of his portrait by Rossetti Algernon Charles Swinburne (April 5, 1837 – April 10, 1909) was a Victorian era English poet. ... Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 – November 30, 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and author of short stories. ... Arthur Symons (February 28, 1865 - January 22, 1945), was a British poet and critic. ... John Gray (March 2nd,1866 – June 14th,1934) was an English poet whose works include Silverpoints, The Long Road and Park: A Fantastic Story. ... Ernest Christopher Dowson (2 August 1867-23 February 1900), an English poet who was associated with the Decadent Movement, was born at Lee, south-east of London. ... Count Stanislaus Eric Stenbock (1858-1895) was a Swedish poet and writer of macabre fantastic fiction. ... Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM (September 26, 1888 – January 4, 1965), was a poet, dramatist and literary critic. ... William Butler Yeats, 1933. ... Wallace Stevens Wallace Stevens (October 2, 1879 – August 2, 1955) was a major American Modernist poet. ... Ezra Pound in 1913. ... Dame Edith Louisa Sitwell DBE (7 September 1887 – 9 December 1964) was a British poet and critic. ... Conrad Potter Aiken (August 5, 1889 – August 17, 1973) was a Pulitzer Prize-winning American author, born in Savannah, Georgia, whose work includes poetry, short stories and novels. ... Clark Ashton Smith (January 13, 1893-August 14, 1961) was a poet, sculptor, painter and author of fantasy, horror and science fiction short stories. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Symbolist painters

George Frederic Watts, as depicted in a biography available from Project Gutenberg Hope painted in 1885 and given to the nation in 1897 George Frederic Watts (23 February 1817 - 1 July 1904; sometimes spelt George Frederick Watts) was a popular English Victorian painter and sculptor associated with the Symbolist movement. ... The Poor Fisherman Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Pierre-Cécile Puvis de Chavannes Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, (December 14, 1824 – October 24, 1898) was a French painter. ... Self portrait of Gustav Moreau, 1850 Gustave Moreau (April 6, 1826 – April 18, 1898) was a French Symbolist painter. ... Self-portrait, oil on canvas, 1872 Arnold Böcklin (16 October 1827 – 16 January 1901) was a symbolist Swiss painter. ... Self Portrait by Henri Fantin-Latour (1859), at the Musée des Beaux-Arts, Grenoble Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Henri Fantin-Latour Henri Fantin-Latour (January 14, 1836 - August 25, 1904) was a French painter and lithographer. ... Self portrait, 1880, Musée dOrsay. ... John William Waterhouse (April 6, 1849 – February 10, 1917) was an English Pre-Raphaelite painter most famous for his paintings of female characters from mythology and literature. ... Jacek Malczewski (b. ... Satan Sowing Seeds, by Félicien Rops Félicien Rops (July 7, 1833 - August 23, 1898) was a Belgian artist and engraver. ... Self-portrait, 1885 Mikhail Aleksandrovich Vrubel (Russian: Михаил Александрович Врубель;March 17, 1856 - April 14, 1910, all n. ... This Belgian biographical article is a stub. ... O Grave, Where Is Thy Victory? (1892) Jan Toorop (1858-1928) was a Dutch painter whose works straddle the space between the Symbolist painters and Art Nouveau. ... Gustav Klimt (July 14, 1862 – February 6, 1918) was an Austrian Symbolist painter and one of the most prominent members of the Vienna Art Nouveau (Vienna Secession) movement. ... The Scream. ... Orpheus (1893) Jean Delville was a symbolist painter during the late 19th century. ... Konstantin Fyodorovich Bogaevsky (Russian: , 24 January 1872 [O.S. 12 January]-17 February 1943) was a Russian painter notable for his Symbolist landscapes. ... Hugo Simberg (June 24, 1873 - July 12, 1917) was a Finnish symbolist painter and graphic artist. ... Mikalojus Konstantinas ÄŒiurlionis Kings Fairy Tale (1908-1909) Tranquility (1904-1905) Mikalojus Konstantinas ÄŒiurlionis (September 22, 1875 [O.S. September 10] in Old VarÄ—na—April 10, 1911 [O.S. March 28] in Pustelnik near Warsaw) was a Lithuanian painter and composer. ... Émile Bernard (1868-April 16, 1941) was a French painter who worked with such artists as Vincent van Gogh, Paul Gauguin and Paul Cézanne. ...

See Also

• Russian Symbolism

Mikhail Nesterovs painting Vision to Youth Bartholomew (1890) is often taken as a starting point of Russian Symbolism. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Symbolist paintings

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

fr:Les Poètes maudits

• Le Manifeste du Symbolisme by Jean Moréas (French)
• Les Poètes maudits by Paul Verlaine (French)
• The Symbolist Gallery at ArtMagick: http://www.artmagick.com/gallery/symbolism.aspx
• Ten Dreams Galleries
• Symbolism Gustave Moreau, Puvis de Chavannes, Odilon Redon
• [3] Art of the Soul, by Devon (GB) artist Joanne Sargisson

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... Image File history File links Wikisource-logo. ... The original Wikisource logo. ...

References

• Balakian, Anna, The Symbolist Movement: a critical appraisal. Random House, 1967
• Delvaille, Bernard, La poésie symboliste: anthologie. ISBN 2-221-50161-6
• Houston, John Porter and Houston, Mona Tobin, French Symbolist Poetry: an anthology. ISBN 0-253-20250-7
• Jullian, Philippe, The Symbolists. ISBN 0-7148-1739-2
• Lehmann, A.G., The Symbolist Aesthetic in France 1885-1895. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1950, 1968.
• The Oxford Companion to French Literature, Sir Paul Harvey and J. E. Heseltine, eds., (Oxfo rd, 1959) ISBN 0-19-866104-5
• Praz, Mario, The Romantic Agony. ISBN 0-19-281061-8
• Wilson, Edmond, Axel's Castle: A Study in the Imaginative Literature of 1870-1930. ISBN 0-02-012871-1

Philippe Jullian (1921-1977) was a French illustrator, art historian, biographer, and novelist. ... Andrew George Lehmann, M.A., D.Phil. ... Mario Praz (September 6, 1896, in Rome, Italy - March 23, 1982, Rome) was an Italian literary critic and essayist. ... Paul Verlaine Paul-Marie Verlaine (IPA: ; March 30, 1844–January 8, 1896) was a French poet associated with the Symbolist movement. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For Christian theological modernism, see Liberal Christianity and Modernism (Roman Catholicism). ... For Christian theological modernism, see Liberal Christianity and Modernism (Roman Catholicism). ... Modernity is a term used to describe the condition of being modern. Since the term modern is used to describe a wide range of periods, modernity must be understood in its context. ... Modern history describes the history of the Modern Times, the era after the Middle Ages. ... Modernism in musicis characterized by a desire for or belief in progressand science, surrealism, anti-romanticism, politicaladvocacy, general intellectualism, and/or a breaking with tradition or common practice. ... Modernist literature is the literary form of Modernism and especially High modernism; it should not be confused with modern literature, which is the history of the modern novel and modern poetry as one. ... Mountebanks ... Dejeuner sur lHerbe by Pablo Picasso At the Moulin Rouge: Two Women Waltzing by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, 1892 The Scream by Edvard Munch, 1893 I and the Village by Marc Chagall, 1911 Fountain by Marcel Duchamp, 1917 Campbells Soup Cans 1962 Synthetic polymer paint on thirty-two... Modern dance is often performed in bare feet. ... Modern architecture, not to be confused with contemporary architecture, is a term given to a number of building styles with similar characteristics, primarily the simplification of form and the elimination of ornament. ... Romantics redirects here. ... Postmodernism is a term applied to a wide-ranging set of developments in critical theory, philosophy, architecture, art, literature, and culture, which are generally characterized as either emerging from, in reaction to, or superseding, modernism. ...