Sympathomimetic drugs are substances that mimic the effects of the hormonesadrenaline and noradrenaline. Hormone is also the NATO reporting name for the Soviet/Russian Kamov Ka-25 military helicopter. ... Epinephrine (INN) or adrenaline (BAN) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. ... Norepinephrine, known as noradrenaline outside the USA, is a catecholamine and a phenethylamine with chemical formula C8H11NO3. ...
Classical sympathomimetic drugs are amphetamine and tyrosine. They act by somehow reversing noradrenaline transporters, the molecular machinery expressed on the surface of some cells to transport the hormones/neurotransmittersnoradrenaline and adrenaline from the extracellular space and into cells, to terminate their effect. Exactly how sympathomimetic drugs work is unknown, though there are several theories. Generally, these drugs are noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, or possibly other modes of action. Substances like Cocaine also affect dopamine, and some substances affect serotonin.. Noradrenaline is then synthesized by the body into adrenaline, causing CNS stimulation. Thus, all sympathimimetic amines fall into the larger group of stimulants (see psychoactive drug chart). Unfortunately most of these stimulants build up tolerance, thus leading to abuse/tolerance/addiction cycle. Addition may be psychological (to avoid 'down' feeling after drug has worn off) or physical addiction. Amphetamine (alpha-methyl-phenethylamine), is a stimulant that is now primarily used to treat narcolepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. ... Tyrosine (from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in cheese[1][2]), 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, or 2-amino-3(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, is one of the 20 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. ... Norepinephrine A hormone (from Greek ÏŒÏμή - to set in motion) is a chemical messenger from one cell (or group of cells) to another. ... Chemical structure of D-Aspartic Acid, a common Amino Acid neurotransmitter. ... Norepinephrine, known as noradrenaline outside the USA, is a catecholamine and a phenethylamine with chemical formula C8H11NO3. ... Epinephrine (INN) or adrenaline (BAN) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. ... In cell biology, molecular biology and related fields, the word extracellular (or sometimes extracellular space) means outside the cell. This space is usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid. ... Drawing of the structure of cork as it appeared under the microscope to Robert Hooke from Micrographia which is the origin of the word cell. Cells in culture, stained for keratin (red) and DNA (green). ... CNS can refer to: in air traffic control, Communication, Navigation, Surveillance often associated with the acronym ATM (Air Traffic Management) as CNS/ATM. the central nervous system the title granted to a Clinical Nurse Specialist the mnemonic for the demogroup Conspiracy the IATA code for Cairns International Airport This is... A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical substance that acts primarily upon the central nervous system where it alters brain function, resulting in temporary changes in perception, mood, consciousness and behavior. ... The two litmus tests for determining clinical physical addition are: 1) Withdrawal: The absence of an already-habitual regimen has negative physiological consequences on the body. ...
[edit]Sympathomimetic amines (R01, A08, and others)
Alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone, Aminorex, Amphetamine, Benzylpiperazine, Cathinone, CFT, Chlorphentermine, Clobenzorex, Cocaine, Cyclopentamine, Desoxypipradrol, Diethylpropion, Ephedrine, 4-FMP, 4-MTA, Fencamfamine, Fenfluramine, Fenproporex, Mazindol, MDPV, 4-Methyl-aminorex, Methylone, Methylphenidate, Pemoline, Phendimetrazine, Phenmetrazine, Phentermine, Phenylephrine, Pipradrol, Propylhexedrine, Pseudoephedrine, Pyrovalerone, Sibutramine, Synephrine A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A division of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System A Alimentary tract and metabolism A08A Antiobesity preparations, excluding diet products A08AA Centrally acting antiobesity products A08AA01 Phentermine A08AA02 Fenfluramine A08AA03 Amfepramone A08AA04 Dexfenfluramine A08AA05 Mazindol A08AA06 Etilamfetamine A08AA07 Cathine A08AA08 Clobenzorex A08AA09 Mefenorex A08AA10 Sibutramine A08AA56 Ephedrine, combinations A08AB Peripherally... Alpha-pyrrolidinopropiophenone (α-PPP) is a stimulant drug. ... Aminorex is an anorectic stimulant drug of the 2-Amino-5-Aryloxazoline class. ... Amphetamine (alpha-methyl-phenethylamine), is a stimulant that is now primarily used to treat narcolepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. ... Benzylpiperazine (BZP) is a recreational drug with euphoric, stimulant effects. ... Cathinone (β-ketoamphetamine) is a monoamine alkaloid found in the shrub Catha edulis (Khat). ... (-)-2-β-Carbomethoxy-3-β-(4-fluorophenyl)tropane naphthalenedisulfonate (CFT) is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor structurally similar to cocaine. ... Chlorphentermine (Apsedon, Desopimon, Lucofen) is a stimulant drug which was used as an appetite suppressant. ... Clobenzorex (also known under the brand names Asenlix, Finedal, or Rexigen; or the US slang greenies) is a stimulant drug used as an anorectic (that is, a medication that suppresses appetite). ... Cocaine (or crack in its impure freebase form) is a crystalline tropane alkaloid that is obtained from the leaves of the coca plant. ... Cyclopentamine is a stimulant drug structurally related to methamphetamine, wherein the aromatic phenyl ring is replaced with a cyclopentane ring. ... Desoxypipradrol, also known as 2-(diphenylmethyl)piperidine or 2-DPMP, is a long-acting stimulant drug. ... Diethylpropion (Tenuate®) is a sympathomimetic stimulant drug marketed as an appetite suppressant. ... Ephedrine (EPH) is a sympathomimetic amine similar in structure to the synthetic derivatives amphetamine and methamphetamine. ... 4-FMP molecular structure 4-FMP 4-FMP, also known by its full chemical name 4-fluoroamphetamine, or 4-Fluoro-alpha-Methyl-Phenethylamine, is a central nervous system stimulant. ... 4MT structure 4-methylthioamphetamine is a drug known as 4MT, 4-MTA, Flatliners, 1-(4-methylthiophenyl)-2-aminopropane. ... Fencamfamine (Glucoenergan, Reactivan) is a stimulant which was developed in the 1960s as an appetite supressant, but was later withdrawn for this application due to problems with dependence and abuse. ... Fenfluramine is a drug that was part of the Fen-Phen anti-obesity (the other drug being phentermine). ... This page may meet Wikipedia’s criteria for speedy deletion. ... 4-Methyl-aminorex is a stimulant drug of the 2-Amino-5-Aryloxazoline class. ... Methylone is a designer drug that is an analog of MDMA (Ecstasy). ... Methylphenidate (MPH) is an amphetamine-like prescription stimulant commonly used to treat Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in children and adults. ... Pemoline is a medication for Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). ... Phendimetrazine (Bontril®) is a weight loss medication. ... Phenmetrazine is an amphetamine-like drug. ... Phentermine is a drug primarily used as an appetite suppressant. ... Phenylephrine or neosynephrine is an α-adrenergic receptor agonist used primarily as a decongestant, as an agent to dilate the pupil and, rarely, to increase blood pressure. ... Pipradrol (Meretran) is a mild CNS stimulant which is no longer widely used in most countries due to concerns about its abuse potential, although this is less of a problem than with other stimulants that still are in current use such as methylphenidate. ... Basics: Propylhexedrine is an over-the-counter nasal decongestant found in Benzedrex nasal inhalers. ... Pseudoephedrine (commonly abbreviated as PSE) is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as a decongestant. ... Pyrovalerone (Centroton, Thymergix) is a stimulant drug developed in the late 1960s and used in France and some other European countries. ... Sibutramine (Meridia® in the USA, Reductil® in Europe), usually as sibutramide hydrochloride monohydrate, is an orally administered agent for the treatment of obesity. ... Synephrine Synephrine is a dietary supplement aimed at encouraging fat loss. ...
See also amphetamines Amphetamine (alpha-methyl-phenethylamine), is a stimulant that is now primarily used to treat narcolepsy and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. ...
In medicine, they are commonly prescribed in cardiac emergencies including shock and anaphylaxis, in some cases for weight loss, and in cold remedies, where they shrink swollen membranes in the upper respiratory tract.
Sympathomimeticamines are contraindicated in patients with severe hypertension, severe coronary artery disease and patients on monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor therapy.
Sympathomimeticamines should be used judiciously and sparingly in patients with hypertension, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, hyperthyroidism, increased intraocular pressure, and prostatic hypertrophy.
Sympathomimeticamines have been associated with certain untoward reactions including fear, anxiety, tenseness, restlessness, tremor, weakness, pallor, respiratory difficulty, dysuria, insomnia, hallucinations, convulsions, CNS depression, arrythmias, and cardiovascular collapse with hypotension.
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