The Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program was a program run by the United States Bureau of Mines to create the technology to produce synthetic fuel from coal. It was initiated in 1944 during WW II. The Synthetic Liquid Fuels Act aproved on April 5, 1944 authorized the use of $30 million over a five year period for For most of the 20th century, the U.S. Bureau of Mines (USBM) was the primary United States Government agency conducting scientific research and disseminating information on the extraction, processing, use, and conservation of mineral resources. ... Synfuel is any liquid fuel obtained from coal. ... Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (strip mining). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... German soldiers at the Battle of Stalingrad World War II was the most extensive and costly armed conflict in the history of the world, involving the great majority of the worlds nations, being fought simultaneously in several major theatres, and costing tens of millions of lives. ... April 5 is the 95th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (96th in leap years). ... 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ...

...the construction and operation of demonstration plants to produce synthetic liquid fuels from coal, oil shales, agricultural and forestry products, and other substances, in order to aid the prosecution of the war, to conserve and increase the oil resources of the Nation, and for other purposes.

History

The Bureau of Mines first studied the extraction of oil from oil shale between 1925 - 1928. Pumpjack pumping an oil well near Sarnia, Ontario Petroleum (from Greek petra – rock and elaion – oil or Latin oleum – oil ), crude oil, sometimes colloquially called black gold, is a thick, dark brown or greenish liquid. ... Oil shale is a general term applied to a group of fine black to dark brown shales rich enough in bituminous material (called kerogen) to yield petroleum upon distillation. ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1928 (MCMXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Between 1928 and 1944 the Bureau experimented with coal liquefaction by hydrogenation using the Bergius process. A small-scale test unit constructed in 1937 had a 100-pound per day continuous coal feed. 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (strip mining). ... Hydrogenation is a chemical reaction in which unsaturated bonds between carbon atoms are reduced by attachment of a hydrogen atom to each carbon. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Between 1945 and 1948 new laboratories were constructed near Pittsburgh. As synthetic ammonia plant Louisiana, Missouri (Missouri Ordnance Works) was transfered from the Army to the program in 1945. The plant was converted into a coal hydrogenation test facility. By 1949 the plant could produce 200 barrels of oil a day using the Bergius process. 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1948 (MCMXLVIII) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... City nickname: The Steel City Location in the state of Pennsylvania Founded 1758 Mayor Tom Murphy (Dem) Area  - Total  - Water 151. ... Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. ... Louisiana is a city located in Pike County, Missouri. ... 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday. ... Barrel can refer to: Barrels for storage; especialy Barrels for aging alcoholic beverages. ...

Part of the personnel were German scientists, who had been extraced from Germany by Operation Paperclip. Operation Paperclip scientists pose together. ...

In 1948 the program was extended to eight years and funding increased to $60 million. A second facility was constructed at the Louisiana plant, this time using the Fischer-Tropsch process. After complition in 1951 the plant only ever produced 40,000 gallons on fuel. 1948 (MCMXLVIII) is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Fischer-Tropsch process is a catalyzed chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into liquid hydrocarbons of various forms. ... 1951 (MCMLI) was a common year starting on Monday; see its calendar. ...

In 1953 the new Republican-led House Appropriations Committee ended funding for the research and the Missouri plant was returned to the Department of the Army. 1953 (MCMLIII) is a common year starting on Thursday. ... The Committee on Appropriations, or Appropriations Committee (often referred to as simply Appropriations, as in Hes on Appropriations) is a committee of the United States House of Representatives. ... War Department may refer to the military establishments of several different countries: British War Department Confederate War Department United States Department of War, under the leadership of the United States Secretary of War (until 1947) See also: defense minister This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other...

In 1979 after the second oil crisis the U.S. Congress approves the Energy Security Act and authorizes up to $88 billion for synthetic fuels projects. This page refers to the year 1979. ... The 1979 (or second) energy crisis occurred in the wake of the Iranian Revolution. ... The Congress of the United States is the legislative branch of the federal government of the United States of America. ...

In 1985 Congress abolished the Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program after 40 years and a total spending of $8 billion. This article is about the year. ...

See also

• Jennings Randolph
• Bergius process
• Fischer-Tropsch process
• Non-conventional oil
• Oil shale
• Future energy development

Jennings Randolph (March 8, 1902–May 8, 1998) was an American politician from West Virginia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Fischer-Tropsch process is a catalyzed chemical reaction in which carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into liquid hydrocarbons of various forms. ... Non-conventional oil is oil extracted using techniques other than the traditional oil well method. ... Oil shale is a general term applied to a group of fine black to dark brown shales rich enough in bituminous material (called kerogen) to yield petroleum upon distillation. ... // Energy development is the ongoing effort to provide abundant and accessible energy, through knowledge, skills and constructions. ...

References

• The Early Days of Coal Research at the U.S. Department of Energy site.
• You Don’t Need Oil To Make Fuel
• Review on Oil shale data
• German Synthetic Fuels Scientists
• The Bureau of Mines Synthetic Liquid Fuels Program 1944-55 Part 1 Oil From Coal