In computer security, hacker refers to a type of computer hacker who is involved in programming and computer insecurity and are able to exploits systems and/or gain unauthorized access through skills, tactics and detailed knowledge. Computer security is a field of computer science concerned with the control of risks related to computer use. ... For other uses, see Hacker (disambiguation). ... Computer programming (often simply programming) is the craft of implementing one or more interrelated abstract algorithms using a particular programming language to produce a concrete computer program. ... Many current computer systems have a very poor level of computer security. ...

Most commonly, hacker refers to a black-hat hacker (a malicious or criminal hacker). There are also ethical hackers (white hats), and grey hats, although some of these terms are not universally accepted. It has been suggested that Dark-side hacker be merged into this article or section. ... In modern parlance, the hacker ethic is either: the belief that information-sharing is a powerful positive good, and that it is an ethical duty of hackers to share their expertise by writing free software and facilitating access to information and computing resources wherever possible; and/or the belief that... A Whitehat, also rendered as White hat or White-hat, is, in the realm of Information technology, a name that describes a person who is ethically opposed to the abuse of Computer systems. ... In the computer security community, a grey hat is a skilled hacker who sometimes acts legally and in good will and sometimes not. ...

Terminology

Similar, synonymous and related terms, which are not mutually exclusive, or universally accepted:

• Hacker, may mean simply a person with mastery of computers. See hacker, and Hacker definition controversy

• White hat: A Ethical hacker who breaks security but who does so for altruistic or at least non-malicious reasons. White hats generally have a clearly defined code of ethics, and will often attempt to work with a manufacturer or owner to ameliorate discovered security weaknesses, although many reserve the implicit or explicit threat of public disclosure after a "reasonable" time as a prod to ensure timely response from a corporate entity. The term is also used to describe hackers who work to deliberately design and code more secure systems. To White Hats, the darker the hat, the more the ethics of the activity can be considered dubious. Conversely, blackhats may claim the lighter the hat, the more the ethics of the activity are lost.

• Grey hat: A hacker of ambiguous ethics and/or borderline legality, often frankly admitted.

• Blue Hat: Refers to outside computer security consulting firms that are used to bug test a system prior to its launch, looking for exploits so they can be closed.

• Black Hat: someone who subverts computer security without authorization or indeed, anyone who has been accused of using technology (usually a computer or the Internet) for terrorism, vandalism, credit card fraud, identity theft, intellectual property theft, and many other forms of crime. This can mean taking control of a remote computer through a network, or software cracking.

• Cracker:
  1. A black hat hacker. Often used to differentiate black hat hackers and the general (positive) sense of hacker. The use of the term began to spread around 1983, probably introduced both due to similar phonetic sound and as construction from the historical slang of safe cracker. Also theorized by some to be a portmanteau of the words criminal and hacker.
  2. A security hacker who uses password cracking or brute force attacks. Related to the term safe cracker.
  3. A software cracker. A person specialized in working around copy protection mechanisms in software. Note that software crackers are not involved in exploiting networks, but copy protected software.

• Script kiddie: A computer intruder with little or no skill; a person who simply follows directions or uses a cook-book approach without fully understanding the meaning of the steps they are performing. Pejorative.

• Hacktivist is a hacker who utilizes technology to announce a political message. Web vandalism is not necessarily hacktivism.

For other uses, see Hacker (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Hacker (disambiguation). ... The terms hacker and hacking have controversial definitions. ... A Whitehat, also rendered as White hat or White-hat, is, in the realm of Information technology, a name that describes a person who is ethically opposed to the abuse of Computer systems. ... In the computer security community, a grey hat is a skilled hacker who sometimes acts legally and in good will and sometimes not. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Hacker (computer security). ... Software cracking is the modification of software to remove encoded copy prevention. ... The word cracker has many meanings, the most common ones are: Cracker (biscuit) Security cracking, circumventing computer security systems Software cracking, circumventing software copy protection schemes Christmas cracker It can also mean: Cracking (chemistry), a chemical process in which large molecules are broken up into simpler, smaller ones White cracker... In the context of computer networking, cracking (also called black-hat hacking) is the act of compromising the security of a system without permission from an authorized party, usually with the intent of accessing computers connected to the network. ... For other uses, see Hacker (disambiguation). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Look up Portmanteau word in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In computer security, hacker refers to a type of computer hacker who is involved in programming and computer insecurity and are able to exploits systems and/or gain unauthorized access through skills, tactics and detailed knowledge. ... Password cracking is the process of recovering secret passwords from data that has been stored in or transmitted by a computer system, typically, by repeatedly verifying guesses for the password. ... The EFFs US$250,000 DES cracking machine contained over 18,000 custom chips and could brute force a DES key in a matter of days — the photograph shows a DES Cracker circuit board fitted with several Deep Crack chips In cryptanalysis, a brute force attack is a method... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Software cracking is the modification of software to remove encoded copy prevention. ... In computing, a script kiddie (occasionally script bunny, script kitty or skiddie) is a derogatory term for inexperienced crackers who use scripts and programs developed by others, without knowing what they are or how they work, for the purpose of compromising computer accounts and files, and for launching attacks on... Hacktivism is often understood as the writing of code, or otherwise manipulating bits, to promote political ideology - promoting expressive politics, free speech, human rights, or information ethics. ...

Attacking tools

There are several recurring tools of the trade used by computer criminals and security experts:

• Trojan horse — These are programs designed so that they seem to do or be one thing, such as a legitimate software, but actually are or do another. They are not necessarily malicious programs. A trojan horse can be used to set up a back door in a computer system so that the intruder can return later and gain access. Viruses that fool a user into downloading and/or executing them by pretending to be useful applications are also sometimes called trojan horses. See also: Dialer.
• Virus — A virus is a self-replicating program that spreads by inserting copies of itself into other executable code or documents (for a complete definition: see this article about computer viruses). Thus, a computer virus behaves in a way similar to a biological virus, which spreads by inserting itself into living cells.
• Worm — Like a virus, a worm is also a self-replicating program. The difference between a virus and a worm is that a worm does not create multiple copies of itself on one system and that it propagates itself through computer networks. After the comparison between computer viruses and biological viruses, the obvious comparison here is to a bacterium. Many people conflate the terms "virus" and "worm", using them both to describe any self-propagating program. It is possible for a program to have the blunt characteristics of both a worm and a virus.
• Vulnerability scanner — A tool used to quickly check computers on a network for known weaknesses. Hackers also use port scanners. These check to see which ports on a specified computer are "open" or available to access the computer. (Note that firewalls defend computers from intruders by limiting access to ports/machines both inbound and outbound.)
• Sniffer — An application that captures password and other data while it is in transit either within the computer or over the network.
• Exploit — A prepared application that takes advantage of a known weakness.
• Social engineering — Using manipulation skills in order to obtain some form of information. An example would be asking someone for their password or account possibly over a beer or by posing as someone else.
• Root kit — A toolkit for hiding the fact that a computer's security has been compromised. Root kits may include replacements for system binaries so that it becomes impossible for the legitimate user to detect the presence of the intruder on the system by looking at process tables.

In the context of computer software, a Trojan horse is a malicious program that is disguised as legitimate software. ... A backdoor in a computer system (or cryptosystem or algorithm) is a method of bypassing normal authentication or securing remote access to a computer, while attempting to remain hidden from casual inspection. ... REDIRECT Dialer ... In computer security technology, a virus is a self-replicating/self-reproducing-automation program that spreads by inserting copies of itself into other executable code or documents. ... In computer security technology, a virus is a self-replicating/self-reproducing-automation program that spreads by inserting copies of itself into other executable code or documents. ... The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) A bacteriophage virus A virus is a submicroscopic parasitic particle that infects cells in biological organisms. ... A computer worm is a self-replicating computer program, similar to a computer virus. ... Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... A vulnerability scanner is a type of computer program specifically designed to search a given target (piece of software, computer, network, etc. ... A port scanner is a piece of software designed to search a network host for open ports. ... In computing, a firewall is a piece of hardware and/or software which functions in a networked environment to prevent some communications forbidden by the security policy, analogous to the function of firewalls in building construction. ... Packet sniffers (also known as network or protocol analyzers or Ethernet sniffers) are software programs (usually) or computer hardware that can intercept and log traffic passing over a digital network or part of a network. ... In computer security, an exploit is a piece of software that takes advantage of a bug, glitch or vulnerability in order to gain control of a computer system or allow privilege escalation or a denial of service attack. ... In the field of computer security, social engineering is the practice of obtaining confidential information by manipulation of legitimate users. ... A rootkit is a set of software tools frequently used by a third party (usually an intruder) after gaining access to a computer system. ...

Security tools

• Firewall (networking)In computing, a firewall is a piece of hardware and/or software which functions in a networked environment to prevent some communications forbidden by the security policy, analogous to the function of firewalls in building construction.
• Intrusion Detection Systemn Intrusion Detection System (or IDS) generally detects unwanted manipulations to systems. There are a lot of different types of IDS, some of them are described here. The manipulations may take the form of attacks by skilled malicious hackers, or Script kiddies using automated tools.
• Anti-virus software consists of computer programs that attempt to identify, thwart and eliminate computer viruses and other malicious software (malware).

• Encryption is used to protect your message from the eyes of others. It can be done in several ways by switching the characters around, replacing characters with others, and even removing characters from the message. These have to be used in combination to make the encryption secure enough, that is to say, sufficiently difficult to crack.

• Authorization restricts access to a computer to group of users through the use of authentication systems. These systems can protect either the whole computer - such as through an interactive logon screen - or individual services, such as an FTP server.

• Vulnerability scanner and port scanner tool used to quickly check computers on a network for known weaknesses and ports available to access the computer.

In computing, a firewall is a piece of hardware and/or software which functions in a networked environment to prevent some communications forbidden by the security policy, analogous to the function of firewalls in building construction. ... An Intrusion Detection System or IDS is a software tool used to detect unauthorised access to a computer system or network. ... Anti-virus software consists of computer programs that attempt to identify, thwart and eliminate computer viruses and other malicious software (malware). ... In cryptography, encryption is the process of obscuring information to make it unreadable without special knowledge. ... In security engineering and computer security, authorization, is a part of the operating system that protects computer resources by only allowing those resources to be used by resource consumers that have been granted authority to use them. ... A vulnerability scanner is a type of computer program specifically designed to search a given target (piece of software, computer, network, etc. ... A port scanner is a piece of software designed to search a network host for open ports. ...

Notable intruders and criminal hackers

Note that many of these have since turned to fully legal hacking.

• Jonathan James (a.k.a. comrade) was most notably recognized for the theft of software which controlled the International Space Station's life sustaining elements, as well as intercepting dozens of electronic messages relating to U.S. nuclear activies from the Department of Defense
• Mark Abene (a.k.a. Phiber Optik) — Inspired thousands of teenagers around the country to "study" the internal workings of the United States phone system. One of the founders of the Masters of Deception group.
• Dark Avenger — Bulgarian virus writer that invented polymorphic code in 1992 as a mean to circumvent the type of pattern recognition used by Anti-virus software, and nowadays also intrusion detection systems.
• John Draper (a.k.a. "Captain Crunch") — Draper is widely credited with evangelizing the use of the 2600 hertz tone generated by whistles distributed in Captain Crunch cereal boxes in the 1970's, and sometimes inaccurately credited with discovering their use. Draper served time in prison for his work, and is believed to have introduced Steve Wozniak to phone phreaking through the 2600hz tone. Draper now develops anti-spam and security software.
• Markus Hess — A West German, he hacked into United States Military sites and collected information for the KGB; he was eventually tracked down by Clifford Stoll.
• Adrian Lamo — Lamo surrendered to federal authorities in 2003 after a brief manhunt, and was charged with nontechnical but surprisingly successful intrusions into computer systems at Microsoft, The New York Times, Lexis-Nexis, MCI WorldCom, SBC, Yahoo!, and others. His methods were controversial, and his full-disclosure-by-media practices led some to assert that he was publicity-motivated.
• Vladimir Levin — This mathematician allegedly masterminded the Russian hacker gang that tricked Citibank's computers into spitting out $10 million. To this day, the method used is unknown.
• Kevin Mitnick — Held in jail without bail for a long period of time. Inspired the Free Kevin movement. Once "the most wanted man in cyberspace," Mitnick went on to be a prolific public speaker, author, and media personality. Mitnick Security Consulting, LLC is a full-service information security consulting firm. Founded by Kevin Mitnick, Mitnick Security Consulting offers a comprehensive range of services to help businesses protect their valuable assets.
• Robert Tappan Morris — In 1988 while a graduate student at Cornell University, Morris was the creator of the first worm, Morris Worm, which used buffer overflows to propagate. He is the son of Robert Morris, the former chief scientist at the National Computer Security Center, a division of the National Security Agency (NSA).
• Nahshon Even-Chaim (a.k.a. Phoenix) — Leading member of Australian hacking group The Realm. Targeted US defence and nuclear research computer systems in late 1980s until his capture by Australian Federal Police in 1990. He, and fellow Realm members Richard Jones (a.k.a. Electron) and David Woodcock (a.k.a. Nom) were the world's first computer intruders prosecuted based on evidence gathered from remote computer intercept.
• Kevin Poulsen — In 1990 Poulsen took over all telephone lines going into Los Angeles area radio station KIIS-FM to win an automobile in a call-in contest. Poulsen went on to a career in journalism, including several years as editorial director at SecurityFocus.
• David L. Smith — In 1999 Smith launched the Melissa Worm, causing $80 million dollars worth of damage to businesses. Originally sentenced to 40 years, he eventually served only 20 months when he agreed to work undercover for the FBI.
• Craig Neidorf — In 1990, Neidorf (a co-founder of Phrack) was prosecuted for stealing the E911 document from BellSouth and publicly distributing it online. BellSouth claimed that the document was worth $80,000; they dropped the charges after it was revealed that copies of the document could simply be ordered for a miniscule $13.

Jonathan James Jonathan James, (a. ... International Space Station insignia ISS Statistics Crew: 2 As of March 5, 2006 Perigee: 352. ... The United States Department of Defense, abbreviated DoD or DOD and sometimes called the Defense Department, is a civilian Cabinet organization of the United States government. ... Mark Abene, at an undisclosed location, September 2005. ... Abene in a radio show, from Freedom Downtime. ... Masters of Deception (MOD) were a New York-based hacker group. ... Dark Avenger (also known as Eddie) was the pseudonym for a famous computer virus writer from Sofia, Bulgaria. ... In computer terminology, polymorphic code is code that mutates while keeping the original algorithm intact. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... Anti-virus software consists of computer programs that attempt to identify, thwart and eliminate computer viruses and other malicious software (malware). ... An Intrusion Detection System or IDS is a software tool used to detect unauthorised access to a computer system or network. ... John T. Draper (born 1944), also known as Captain Crunch, Crunch or Crunchman (after Capn Crunch, the mascot of a breakfast cereal), was a phone phreaker. ... Captain Crunch can refer to. ... Steve Wozniak or Woz invented the Apple II, the computer that launched Apple. ... Phreaking is a slang term coined to describe the activity of a subculture of people who study, experiment with, or exploit telephones, the telephone company, and systems connected to or composing the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) for the purposes of hobby or utility. ... Markus Hess, a West German citizen, was a computer prodigy and particularly effective hacker. ... West Germany was the informal but almost universally used name for the Federal Republic of Germany from 1949 until 1990, during which years the Federal Republic did not yet include East Germany. ... The armed forces of the United States of America consist of the United States Army United States Navy United States Air Force United States Marine Corps United States Coast Guard Note: The United States Coast Guard has both military and law enforcement functions. ... The KGB emblem and motto: The sword and the shield KGB (transliteration of КГБ) is the Russian-language abbreviation for State Security Committee, (Russian: (help· info); Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti). ... Clifford Stoll (or Cliff Stoll) is an astronomer, computer systems administrator, and author. ... Adrian Lamo in 2004. ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT, SEHK: 4338) is an international computer technology corporation with 2005 global annual sales of close to $40 billion USD and about 64,000 employees in 85 countries and regions which develops, manufactures, licenses, and supports a wide range of software products for computing devices. ... The New York Times is a newspaper published in New York City by Arthur O. Sulzberger Jr. ... LexisNexis is a popular searchable archive of content from newspapers, magazines, legal documents and other printed sources. ... For a time, WorldCom (WCOM) was the United States second largest long distance phone company (AT&T was the largest). ... SBC Communications NYSE: SBC is an American telecommunications company based in San Antonio, Texas. ... Yahoo! Inc. ... Vladimir Levin is the handle of the mathematician who is alleged to be the mastermind of the Russian hacker gang that stole US$10 million from Citibanks computer system. ... Chinatown Citibank branch (New York City, USA). ... Kevin Mitnick Kevin David Mitnick (born August 6, 1963) is one of the most famous crackers to be jailed. ... Kevin Mitnick Kevin Mitnick (born August 6, 1963) is one of the most famous criminal hackers to be jailed and convicted. ... Robert Tappan Morris (b. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Cornell University is a private research university located on the East Hill of Ithaca, New York. ... A computer worm is a self-replicating computer program, similar to a computer virus. ... The Morris worm or Internet worm was one of the first computer worms distributed via the Internet; it is considered the first worm and was certainly the first to gain significant mainstream media attention. ... Nahshon Even-Chaim (b. ... Nahshon Even-Chaim (b. ... Richard Jones, (a. ... Properties The electron is a lightweight fundamental subatomic particle that carries a negative electric charge. ... The main part of this article relates to the version of Middle-earths history that is considered canon by most Tolkien fans who accept such labels (see: Middle-earth canon). ... Kevin Poulsens hacker handle was Dark Dante. He worked for SRI International by day, and hacked at night. ... SecurityFocus. ... In March of 1999, David L. Smith, a 31-year old New Jersey programmer, released the Melissa virus in Aberdeen Township, New Jersey. ... The Melissa worm, also known as Mailissa, Simpsons, Kwyjibo, or Kwejeebo, is a computer worm that also functions as a macro virus, hence making it a multipartite virus. // History First found on March 26, 1999, Melissa shut down Internet mail systems that got clogged with infected e-mails propogating from... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a Federal police force which is the principal investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... Craig Neidorf (1969), aka Knight Lightning, is a hacker, and one of the founding editors of Phrack. ... Phrack is an underground ezine made by and for hackers that has been around since November 17, 1985. ...

Notable Security Hackers

• Eric Corley (a.k.a Emmanuel Goldstein) — Long standing publisher of 2600: The Hacker Quarterly and founder of the H.O.P.E. conferences. He has been part of the hacker community since the late '70s.
• Fyodor — The author of Nmap & STC.
• Johan "Julf" Helsingius — Operated the world's most popular anonymous remailer, the Penet remailer (called penet.fi), until he closed up shop in September 1996.
• Horatio Huxham — Made public a security hole in a South African banking system.
• Tsutomu Shimomura — Shimomura helped catch Kevin Mitnick, the United States' most infamous computer intruder, in early 1994. He is the co-author of a book about the Mitnick case, Takedown: The Pursuit and Capture of Kevin Mitnick, America's Most Wanted Computer Outlaw-By the Man Who Did It (ISBN 0786889136).
• Josip "Ewolix" — Founder of the FistNet, Slovenian whitehat community.
• Solar Designer — Founder of the Openwall Project.
• Michał Zalewski (lcamtuf) — Prominent security researcher.
• Zaraza (3APA3A) — Russian security researcher who has located various flaws in Microsoft Windows and Unix

Left to right: Deth Vegetable, Eric Emmanuel Goldstein Corley and Joe630 in Freedom Downtime Eric Gorden Corley is a member of the computer hacker community and goes by the name Emmanuel Goldstein, after the leader of the underground in George Orwells classic, Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... Emmanuel Goldstein is a key character in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... (Redirected from 2600 The Hacker Quarterly) Fall 2004 (21:3) 2600 Issue 2600: The Hacker Quarterly is a traditional (printed) magazine named for the fact that phreakers in the 1960s found that the transmission of a 2600 Hertz tone (which could be produced perfectly with a plastic toy whistle given... Hackers on Planet Earth or HOPE is a conference series sponsored by the hacker magazine 2600 The Hacker Quarterly. ... Fyodor is a hacker, the author of Nmap and other computer security tools. ... Nmap is a zero price free software port scanning software and is designed to detect open ports on a target computer, determine which services are running on those ports, and infer which operating system the computer is running (this is also known as fingerprinting). ... Johan Julf Helsingius, born in Finland, started and ran the Anon. ... An anonymous remailer is a server computer which receives messages with embedded instructions on where to send them next, and which forwards them without revealing where they originally came from. ... The Penet remailer (anon. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Horatio Nelson Huxham, born in South Africa on March 28, 1973, is a well known and highly respected member of various hacker communities throughout the world. ... Tsutomu Shimomura is a scientist and computer security expert, who gained fame when he, together with computer journalist John Markoff, tracked down and helped the FBI arrest cracker Kevin Mitnick. ... Kevin Mitnick Kevin David Mitnick (born August 6, 1963) is one of the most famous crackers to be jailed. ... 1994 (MCMXCIV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... Solar Designer is security specialist from Russia known by his publications on exploitations techniques (Return into (g)libc buffer overflow exploitation), computer security protection techniques (privilege separation for daemon process), security audit tools (John-the-Ripper) and Linux programming (OpenWall Project) . Categories: Computer stubs ... Openwall is a source for different software, including Openwall GNU/*/Linux (Owl), a security-enhanced GNU/*/Linux-based server platform. ... Michal Zalewski is a hacker in the Jargon File meaning of the word and a young yet well-known computer security expert from Poland. ... Windows redirects here. ... Wikibooks has more about this subject: Guide to Unix Unix or UNIX is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT&T Bell Labs employees including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and Douglas McIlroy. ...

Hacker conferences

Hacker cons have drawn more and more people every year including SummerCon (Summer), DEF CON, HoHoCon (Christmas), PumpCon (Halloween), H.O.P.E. (Hackers on Planet Earth) and HEU (Hacking at the End of the Universe). Con is a variant on the Latin prefix com, meaning with or together In Spanish, con is the word for with, and as such appears in some Spanish borrowings such as chili con carne. In Hong Kong English, con is the short form for contact lens(es). ... Summercon is one of the oldest hacker conventions. ... DEF CON is the worlds largest annual hacker convention, held every year in Las Vegas, Nevada. ... HoHoCon (or XmasCon) was a conference series which took place before or after Christmas in Houston, Texas, sponsored by Drunkfux and the hacker ezine CULT OF THE DEAD COW. The fourth and fifth HoHoCons were also sponsored by Phrack magazine and took place in Austin, Texas. ... Hackers on Planet Earth or HOPE is a conference series sponsored by the hacker magazine 2600 The Hacker Quarterly. ... Enriched uranium is uranium whose uranium-235 content has been increased through the process of isotope separation. ...

See also

• Hacker definition controversy
• Hacker
• White hat
• Grey hat
• Black hat
• Computer security
• Computer insecurity
• System administrator
• Computer crime
• Biohacker

The terms hacker and hacking have controversial definitions. ... For other uses, see Hacker (disambiguation). ... A Whitehat, also rendered as White hat or White-hat, is, in the realm of Information technology, a name that describes a person who is ethically opposed to the abuse of Computer systems. ... In the computer security community, a grey hat is a skilled hacker who sometimes acts legally and in good will and sometimes not. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Hacker (computer security). ... Computer security is a field of computer science concerned with the control of risks related to computer use. ... Many current computer systems have a very poor level of computer security. ... The term system administrator, abbreviated sysadmin, designates an employment position of those people responsible for running technically advanced information systems or some aspect of them. ... Computer crime - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... Biohacker is a term used to describe an individual who experiments with DNA and other aspects of genetics, both within and outside an academic, governmental or corporate laboratory. ...

Fictional Movies about Hackers

• Hackers
• WarGames
• Sneakers
• Swordfish
• The Net

Hackers - Poster 1 Hackers - Poster 2 Hackers - German Poster Hackers is a movie released in 1995 that follows the misfortunes of young hacker Dade Murphy (aka Crash Override/Zero Cool, played by Jonny Lee Miller), Kate (aka Acid Burn, played by Angelina Jolie) and their friends. ... This article is about the 1983 US movie. ... Sneakers is a 1992 film directed by Phil Alden Robinson (Field of Dreams) and starring Robert Redford, Dan Aykroyd, Ben Kingsley, Mary McDonnell, River Phoenix, Sidney Poitier, and David Strathairn. ... Movie poster for Swordfish Swordfish (sometimes refered to as Password: Swordfish) is a cyberpunk-action/thriller film released in 2001. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Related books

• Clifford Stoll (1990). The Cuckoo’s Egg, The Bodley Head Ltd. ISBN 0370314336.

• Katie Hafner & John Markoff (1991). Cyberpunk: Outlaws and Hackers on the Computer Frontier, Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0671683225.

• David H. Freeman & Charles C. Mann (1997). @ Large: The Strange Case of the World’s Biggest Internet Invasion, Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0684824647.

• Suelette Dreyfus (1997). Underground: Tales of Hacking, Madness and Obsession on the Electronic Frontier, Mandarin. ISBN 1863305955.

• Bill Apro & Graeme Hammond (2005). Hackers: The Hunt for Australia’s Most Infamous Computer Cracker, Five Mile Press. ISBN 1741247225.

Network Security:

• Stuart McClure, Joel Scambray & George Kurtz (1999). Hacking Exposed, Mcgraw-Hill. ISBN 0072121270.

Magazines:

• "2600: The Hacker Quarterly"
• "Hakin9"
• "Binary Revolution Magazine"