The skyline of many cities became dominated by standardized apartment blocks, like this row in Bucharest

Systematization in Romania refers to a program of urban planning carried out under Nicolae Ceauşescu's communist regime. Beginning in 1974 it consisted largely of the demolition and reconstruction of existing villages, towns, and cities, in whole or in part, with the stated goal of turning Romania into a "multilaterally developed socialist society". Download high resolution version (1024x220, 32 KB) Taken by me on 23 November 2004, from a hill of the Tineretului Park, Bucharest. ... Download high resolution version (1024x220, 32 KB) Taken by me on 23 November 2004, from a hill of the Tineretului Park, Bucharest. ... Status Capital of Romania Mayor Adriean Videanu, since 2005 Area 238 km² Population (2005) 1,924,959[1] Density 8,088 inh/km² Geographical coordinates Web site http://www. ... Urban planning is concerned with the ordering and design of settlements, from the smallest towns to the worlds largest cities. ... Nicolae CeauÅŸescu (IPA , in English, normally (and erroneously) ) (January 26, 1918 - December 25, 1989) was the leader of Communist Romania from 1965 until shortly before his execution. ... Anthem Zdrobite cătuÅŸe (1947 - 1953) Te slăvim Românie (1953 - 1968) Trei Culori (1968-1989) Capital Bucharest Language(s) Romanian Government Socialist republic Head of State  - 1947–1965 Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej  - 1965-1989 Nicolae CeauÅŸescu Legislature Marea Adunare NaÅ£ionalÇŽ Historical era Cold War  - Monarchy abolished... 1974 (MCMLXXIV) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Socialism refers to a broad array of doctrines or political movements that envisage a socio-economic system in which property and the distribution of wealth are subject to control by the community. ...

Respecting neither traditional rural values nor a positive ethic of urbanism, systematization is now almost universally agreed to have been a disaster for Romania and a major contributing factor to the uncommonly violent fall of the Ceauşescu regime during the Revolution of 1989. Sign in a rural area in Dalarna, Sweden Qichun, a rural town in Hubei province, China An artists rendering of an aerial view of the Maryland countryside: Jane Frank (Jane Schenthal Frank, 1918-1986), Aerial Series: Ploughed Fields, Maryland, 1974, acrylic and mixed materials on apertured double canvas, 52... Urbanism is the study of cities - their economic, political, social and cultural environment, and the imprint of all these forces on the built environment. ... Combatants Communist Romania Ad hoc local Romanian militias, demoralized romanian army forces Commanders Nicolae CeauÅŸescu Various independent militia leaders, discontented Communist party members Casualties 1,104 deaths The Romanian Revolution of 1989 was a week-long series of riots and fighting in late December of 1989 that overthrew the...

Systematization began as a program of rural resettlement. The original plan was to bring the advantages of the modern age to the Romanian countryside. For some years, rural Romanians had been flocking to the cities. Systematization called for doubling the number of Romanian cities by 1990. Hundreds of villages were to become urban industrial centers via investment in schools, medical clinics, housing, and industry. Rural migration is the migration of people from rural areas into cities. ... MCMXC redirects here; for the Enigma album, see MCMXC a. ...

As part of this plan, smaller villages (typically those with populations under 1000) were deemed "irrational" and slated for reduction of services (at best) or (at worst) forced removal of the population and physical destruction. Often, such measures were extended to the towns that were destined to become urbanized, by demolishing some of the older buildings and replacing them with modern multi-storey apartment blocks. Unsurprisingly, most peasants were displeased with these policies.

Although the systematization plan extended, in theory, to the entire country, initial work centered in Moldavia. It also affected such locales as Ceauşescu's own native village of Scorniceşti in Olt County: there, the Ceauşescu family home was the only older building left standing. The initial phase of systematization largely petered out by 1980, at which point only about 10 percent of new housing was being built in historically rural areas. For other uses of Moldavia or Moldova, see Moldova (disambiguation). ... ScorniceÅŸti is a town in Olt county, Romania with a population of 12,802. ... Administrative map of Romania with Olt county highlighted Olt is a Romanian county (Judeţ) in the Wallachia region, with the capital city at Slatina (population: 87,608). ... 1980 (MCMLXXX) was a leap year starting on Tuesday. ...

Given the lack of budget, in many regions systematization did not constitute an effective plan, good or bad, for development. Instead, it constituted a barrier against organic regional growth. New buildings had to be at least two stories high, so peasants could not build small houses. Yards were restricted to 250 square meters and private agricultural plots were banned from within the villages. Despite the obvious negative impact of such a scheme on subsistence agriculture, after 1981 villages were mandated to be agriculturally self-sufficient. Like most farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa, this Cameroonian man cultivates at the subsistence level. ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

In the mid-1980s the concept of systematization found new life, applied primarily to the area of the nation's capital, Bucharest. Nearby villages were demolished, often in service of large scale projects such as a canal from Bucharest to the Danube - projects which were later abandoned by Romania's post-communist government. Most dramatically, eight square kilometers in the historic center of Bucharest were leveled. The demolition campaign erased many monuments including 3 monasteries, 20 churches, 3 synagogues, 3 hospitals, 2 theaters and a noted Art Deco sports stadium. This also involved evicting 40,000 people with only a single day's notice and relocating them to new homes, in order to make way for the grandiose Centrul Civic and the immense Palace of the People, a building second in size only to the Pentagon. The 1980s refers to the period where corey sucks peters and has a not little to look at his little penis of and between 1980 and 1989. ... Status Capital of Romania Mayor Adriean Videanu, since 2005 Area 238 km² Population (2005) 1,924,959[1] Density 8,088 inh/km² Geographical coordinates Web site http://www. ... The Danube (ancient Danuvius, Iranian *dānu, meaning river or stream, ancient Greek Istros) is the longest river in the European Union and Europes second longest river. ... CeauÅŸima (Ceaushima) is a vernacular word construction sarcastically linking CeauÅŸescu to Hiroshima. ... Asheville City Hall. ... PiaÅ£a Unirii, as seen from above. ... The Palace of the Parliament (Palatul Parlamentului) in Bucharest, Romania is reputed to be the largest building in Europe at 350,000 m². It is probably the third largest building in the world right after The Pentagon and the Merchandise Mart. ... This article is about the U.S. military building. ...

Systematization, especially the destruction of historic churches and monasteries, was protested by several nations, especially Hungary and West Germany, each concerned for their national minorities in Transylvania. Despite these protests, Ceauşescu remained in the relatively good graces of the United States and other Western powers almost to the last, largely because his relatively independent political line rendered him a useful counter to the Soviet Union in Cold War politics. In sociology and in voting theory, a minority is a sub- group that forms less than half of the population, and — as a rule — is outnumbered by at least one other sub-group. ... Map of Romania with Transylvania in yellow Transylvania (Romanian: or ; Hungarian: ; German: ; Serbian: / Transilvanija or / Erdelj) is a historical region in central and western Romania. ... For other uses, see Cold War (disambiguation). ...

See also

• Ceauşima
• Hunger circus

CeauÅŸima (Ceaushima) is a vernacular word construction sarcastically linking CeauÅŸescu to Hiroshima. ... Part of Nicolae CeauÅŸescus program of systematization during his period as ruler of Romania was the construction of a series of buildings now universally known in Romania as hunger circuses or circuses of hunger (in Romanian, circurile foamei or circuri ale foamei). These large domed buildings were, in...

References

• Anania, Lidia; Luminea, Cecilia; Melinte, Livia; Prosan, Ana-Nina; Stoica, Lucia; and Ionescu-Ghinea, Neculai, Bisericile osândite de Ceauşescu. Bucureşti 1977–1989 (1995). Editura Anastasia, Bucharest, ISBN 973-97145-4-4. In Romanian. Title means "Churches doomed by Ceauşescu". This is very much focused on churches, but along the way provides many details about systematization, especially the demolition to make way for Centrul Civic.
• Bucica, Cristina. Legitimating Power in Capital Cities: Bucharest - Continuity Through Radical Change? (PDF), 2000.