NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Taboo foods

Taboo food and drinks are food and drink which people abstain from consuming for religious or cultural reasons. Sow and five piglets from http://www. ... Sow and five piglets from http://www. ... Binomial name Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 Synonyms The domestic pig is usually given the scientific name Sus scrofa, though some authors call it , reserving for the wild boar. ... The circled U indicates that this can of tuna is certified kosher by the Union of Orthodox Congregations. ... Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ... Haraam (harÄm) (Arabic: ØØ±Ø§Ù… ) is an Arabic word, used in Islam to refer to anything that is prohibited by the faith. ... Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…), believe God (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ...

Various religions forbid the consumption of certain types of food. For example, Judaism prescribes a strict set of rules, called Kashrut, regarding what can and cannot be eaten. Certain sects of Christianity also hold to these or similar rules. In Islamic practice, the laws of Haram and Halal dictate, among other things, certain foods which may not be eaten. Hindus, Jains and Buddhists often follow religious directives to observe vegetarianism and avoid eating meat. Hinduism has no specific proscriptions against eating meat, so some Hindus do eat meat. However, many other Hindus apply the concept of "ahimsa" (non-violence) to their diet, so they advocate and practice forms of vegetarianism. Due to philosophical differences and dietary needs among many modern Indian Hindus, all meat is considered a taboo except mutton (usually in India the goat's flesh, or sometimes sheep's flesh), chicken and fish. Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ... The circled U indicates that this product is certified as kosher by the Orthodox Union (OU). ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life and teachings as presented in the New Testament. ... Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…), believe God (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ... Haraam (harÄm) (Arabic: ØØ±Ø§Ù… ) is an Arabic word, used in Islam to refer to anything that is prohibited by the faith. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Jaina redirects here. ... A replica of an ancient statue of Gautama Buddha, found in Sarnath, near Varanasi. ... Vegetarianism is the practice of not consuming meat, with or without the use of other animal derivatives, such as dairy products or eggs. ... The lion is a well-known, truly carnivorous member of the order Carnivora. ... Ahimsa is a religious concept which advocates non-violence and a respect for all life. ... This article is about the animal, sheep; for other meanings of Sheep, see Sheep (disambiguation). ... Trinomial name Gallus gallus domesticus A chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a type of domesticated bird which is often raised as a type of poultry. ... Fish as a food describes the edible parts of water-dwelling, cold-blooded vertebrates with gills, as well as certain other water-dwelling animals such as mollusks, crustaceans, and shellfish. ...

Aside from conscious taboos there are unconscious cultural taboos against the consumption of some animals. For example, even though there is no law against eating dog meat in the United States and Europe, it is widely considered unacceptable. In Southeast Asia, on the other hand, dogs are regularly eaten. Similarly, horse meat is rarely eaten in the US and UK, but is common in some parts of continental Europe and is considered a delicacy in Japan (basashi). Within a given society, some meats will be considered taboo simply because they are outside the range of the generally accepted definition of a foodstuff, not necessarily because the meat is considered repulsive in flavor, aroma, texture or appearance. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article is about meat taken from dogs. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Musculature of horse Horse meat is meat made from a horse. ... European redirects here. ... This is a List of delicacies. ... Basashi from Towada Basashi (Japanese: é¦¬åˆºã—, ã°ã•ã—) is a Japanese dish consisting of sashimi (raw) horse meat, eaten dipped in soy sauce, often with ginger and onions added. ... Human relationships within an ethnically diverse society. ... Flavor or flavour (see spelling differences) is the sensory impression of a food or other substance, and is determined mainly by the chemical senses of taste and smell. ... Odor receptors on the antennae of a Luna moth An odor is the object of perception of the sense of olfaction. ... ...

Some authorities impose cultural food taboos in the form of law. This is alleged to be dietary persecution and possibly human rights abuse. For example, even after resumption to Chinese rule, Hong Kong has not lifted its ban on supplying meat from dogs and cats, imposed in colonial times. Look up Persecution in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Human rights violation. ...

A fairly recent addition to cultural food taboos is that of eating the meat and/or eggs of endangered species or animals that are otherwise protected by law or international treaty. Examples of such protected species include whales, sea turtles, and migratory birds. The endangered Sea Otter An endangered species is a population of organisms (usually a taxonomic species), which because it is either (a) few in number or (b) threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters, it is at risk of becoming extinct. ... A Fin whale The term whale is ambiguous: it can refer to all cetaceans, to just the larger ones, or only to members of particular families within the order Cetacea. ... Genera Family Cheloniidae (Oppel, 1811) Caretta Lepidochelys Chelonia Eretmochelys Natator Family Dermochelyidae Family Protostegidae (extinct) Family Toxochelyidae (extinct) Family Thalassemyidae (extinct) Sea turtles (Chelonioidea) are turtles found in all the worlds oceans with the exception of the Arctic Ocean, and some species travel between oceans. ... // Long-distance land bird migration Many species of land migratory birds migrate very long distances, the most common pattern being for birds to breed in the temperate or arctic northern hemisphere and winter in warmer regions, often in the tropics or the temperate zones of the southern hemisphere. ...

The origin of food taboos is still being debated. Some claim they are a result of health considerations, other say it's a result of human symbolic systems.

Taboo Food

Amphibians and reptiles

Both Judaism and Islam strictly forbid the consumption of amphibians such as frogs and reptiles such as crocodiles and snakes. Nevertheless, frogs are raised commercially in certain countries and frog legs are considered a delicacy in France, China, Caribbean and in southern parts of the USA. Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ... Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…), believe God (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ... Subclasses and Orders Order Temnospondyli- extinct Subclass Lepospondyli- extinct Subclass Lissamphibia Anura Caudata Gymnophiona Amphibians (class Amphibia) are a taxon of animals that include all tetrapods (four-legged vertebrates) that do not have amniotic eggs. ... Orders Procolophonia (extinct) Testudines Araeoscelidia (extinct) Avicephala (extinct) Younginiformes (extinct) Sauropterygia Ichthyosauria (extinct) Placodontia (extinct) Nothosauria (extinct) Plesiosauria (extinct) Sphenodontia Squamata Prolacertiformes (extinct) Archosauria Crurotarsi Order Aetosauria Order Phytosauria Order Rauisuchia Order Crocodilia Ornithodira Pterosauria (extinct) Marasuchus (extinct) Dinosauria (extinct) Order Saurischia Order Ornithischia Reptiles are tetrapods and amniotes, animals... Genera Mecistops Crocodylus Osteolaemus See full taxonomy. ... For other uses, see Snake (disambiguation). ... Frogs legs are one of the better-known delicacies of French and Chinese cuisine. ... World map depicting Caribbean : West Indies redirects here. ...

Consumption of snakes has a long history in China and Vietnam where it is seen as a special culinary dish. The snake's blood and bile is considered a male aphrodisiac and is often drunk along with the combination of rice wine. ^[1] ^[2] Rattlesnake is eaten to a certain degree in southwestern USA and is available in specialty meat shops. ^[3] In some countries such as Australia, Thailand and South Africa, the consumption of crocodile meat can be observed. In Australia the meat is typically available on some restaurants and specialty meat outlets. ^[4] ^[5] Bile (or gall) is a bitter, greenish-yellow alkaline fluid secreted by hepatocytes from the liver of most vertebrates. ... An aphrodisiac is an agent which acts on the mind and causes the arousal of the mood of sexual desire. ... Rice wine refers to wine made from rice instead of grapes. ... Species 27 species; see list of rattlesnake species and subspecies. ... Genera Mecistops Crocodylus Osteolaemus See full taxonomy. ...

Birds

Large domesticated fowl such as chickens, turkeys, and ducks are commonly eaten in many cultures, along with their wild game counterparts. A fowl is a bird of any kind, although some types of birds use the word specifically in their names (for example, Guineafowl and Peafowl). ... Trinomial name Gallus gallus domesticus A chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) is a type of domesticated bird which is often raised as a type of poultry. ... // Subfamilies Dendrocygninae Oxyurinae Anatinae Merginae Duck is the common name for a number of species in the Anatidae family of birds. ... Game is any animal hunted for food or not normally domesticated (such as venison). ...

Pigeons are raised and eaten in parts of Asia and Europe, where the young birds are known as "squab". In North America, however, pigeons are more typically regarded as unfit for consumption. Many people also find the thought of eating the meat of crows and other scavengers repulsive, as evidenced by the expression "eating crow". Binomial name Columba livia Gmelin, 1789 The Rock Pigeon (Columba livia), is a member of the bird family Columbidae, doves and pigeons. ... World map showing the location of Asia. ... European redirects here. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... Species See text. ... To eat boiled crow is to be proven wrong after having strongly expressed ones opinion. ...

Small birds such as songbirds have also traditionally been eaten in Asian and European cultures; one such dish is the Ambelopoulia of Crete. In Western cultures today, most people regard songbirds as friendly backyard wildlife rather than as food. In addition, migratory birds are protected by international treaty. A songbird is a bird belonging to the suborder Oscines of Passeriformes (ca. ... Ambelopoulia is a controversial dish of pickled or boiled songbirds served in some Cypriot restaurants. ... Crete (Greek: ÎšÏÎ®Ï„Î· KrÃti; Turkish: Girit) is the largest of the Greek islands and the fifth largest in the Mediterranean Sea. ... The species that periodically migrate are called migratory bird, those that do not are called resident bird See also Resident bird Category: ...

Camels

Bactrian camel

Another animal that is not eaten in Europe and North America is the camel, although it is not unusual to eat it in the Middle East, North Africa, and Central Asia. The killing and eating of a camel is strictly prohibited by the Torah. Although the camel is a cud-chewer, the Levites still considered it "unclean". While the foot of a camel is split into two toe-like structures, it does not meet the biblical cloven hoof criterion. The meat of a camel may also have been spurned due to the camel's physiology. All of a camel's fat is stored in its hump. This makes the rest of the body very lean. Although this is ideal for removal of body heat, it does not make for good eating. Image File history File links Bactrian_Camel_1. ... Image File history File links Bactrian_Camel_1. ... Species Camelus bactrianus Camelus dromedarius Camels are even-toed ungulates in the genus Camelus. ... Species Camelus bactrianus Camelus dromedarius Camels are even-toed ungulates in the genus Camelus. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... Northern Africa (UN subregion) geographic, including above North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... Poo Poo Tlak Torah () is a Hebrew word meaning teaching, instruction, or law. Itlucky is the central and most important document of Judaism revered by Jews through the ages. ... In the Jewish tradition, a Levite (לוי Attached, Standard Hebrew Levi, Tiberian Hebrew Lēwî) is a member of the Hebrew tribe of Levi. ... A cloven-hoof is a type of hoof that is found on some animals. ...

Although there are similarities in both Islam and Judaism regarding the Kashrut and Halal foods, when it comes to the issue of eating camel flesh there is a clear dispute between these two religions. According to the materialistic anthropologist Marvin Harris, since Arabs were nomads, camels were essential for their travels, but, in case of emergency, Muslims could not afford to starve because of the taboo. The circled U indicates that this product is certified as kosher by the Orthodox Union (OU). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The term Cultural materialism refers to two separate scholarly endeavours: It is an anthropological research paradigm championed most notably by Marvin Harris. ... Marvin Harris Marvin Harris (August 18, 1927 â€“ October 25, 2001) was an American anthropologist and highly influential in the development of cultural materialism. ...

A camel carcass can provide a substantial amount of meat. The male dromedary carcass can weigh 400kg or more while the carcass of a male Bactrian can weigh up to 650kg. The carcass of a female camel weighs less than the male ranging between 250 and 350kg, but provides a substantial amount of meat nonetheless. The brisket, ribs and loin are some of the preferred parts of the animal, however it is the hump that is considered a delicacy and most favored. It is reported that camel meat tastes like coarse beef but older camels can prove to be tough and not too flavorful.

Camel meat has been eaten for centuries. It has been recorded by ancient Greek writers as an available dish in ancient Persia at banquets, usually roasted whole. The ancient Roman emperor Heliogabalus enjoyed camel's heel. Camel meat is often eaten in countries such as Somalia (where it is called Hilib geyl), Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Libya, Sudan and other arid regions where alternative forms of protein may be limited or where camel meat has had a long cultural history. Not just the meat but also blood is a consumable item as is the case in northern Kenya where camel blood is a source of iron, vitamin D, salts and minerals (although Muslims do not drink or consume blood products). A recent report leads to some caution since cases have emerged of where eating raw camel liver has led to human plague.[1] The Ancient Greek world, circa 550 BC Ancient Greece is the period in Greek history which lasted for around one thousand years and ended with the rise of Christianity. ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ... The Roman Forum was the central area around which ancient Rome developed. ... Varius Avitus Bassianus Marcus Aurelius Antoninus, (c. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. ...

Caribou/Reindeer

Although caribou is popular as a dish in Alaska, Norway, Sweden, Finland (especially sautéed reindeer ), Russia and Canada, many people in the United Kingdom and Ireland are squeamish about the idea of eating reindeer meat. This relates to the popular culture myth of the reindeer as assistant to Father Christmas, as opposed to the “cows of the north” vision of the Northern countries. ^[6] ^[7] ^[8] Binomial name Rangifer tarandus The reindeer, known as caribou in North America, is an Arctic-dwelling deer (Rangifer tarandus). ... Official language(s) English Capital Juneau Largest city Anchorage Area Ranked 1st - Total 663,267 sq mi (1,717,854 kmÂ²) - Width 808 miles (1,300 km) - Length 1,479 miles (2,380 km) - % water 13. ... SautÃ©ed reindeer (poronkÃ¤ristys in Finnish) is the perhaps best known traditional meal from Lapland, especially in Finland. ... Father Christmas as depicted in The Chronicles of Narnia (Photo by William Rookwood) Father Christmas is a name used in the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and several other Commonwealth Countries, as well as Ireland, for the gift-bringing figure of Christmas or yuletide. ...

Cats

Main article: Cat meat

Cats are eaten in parts of China. In Guangdong, China, cat is reportedly served along with snake and chicken in a dish called "The Dragon, Tiger and Phoneix". In desperate times, people have been known to resort to cooking and eating cats, in places where it is otherwise not usual to do so, as it occurred in a poverty-stricken shanty town in Rosario, Argentina, in 1996 (though the much-advertised cat meal was later revealed to have been set up by media from Buenos Aires). It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with cat. ... Look up CAT, cat, Cat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... China, and should not be confused with the former Kwantung Leased Territory in north-eastern China. ... Look up CAT, cat, Cat in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A villa miseria is a form of shanty town or slum found in Argentina, mostly around the largest urban settlements. ... Rosario is the largest city of the province of Santa Fe, Argentina, and the third most populous in the country, after Buenos Aires and CÃ³rdoba. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ... Buenos Aires (English: ; originally , City of the Most Holy Trinity and Port of Saint Mary of the Fair Winds;[1] pronounced ) is the capital of Argentina and its largest city and port. ...

Cats are also used to produce medicinal potions such as Korean "liquid cat", a remedy for joint pain made by boiling cats with spices, and for their fur which is used to make fur coats and other fur clothing.

Cats are sometimes confused with civet cats. This has led Americans to accuse some Chinese manufacturers of using cat fur in their products. Others worry that some traditional medicines imported into the United States are of unknown animal origin. In 2001, a shipment of cat toys imported into the United States from China were recalled and destroyed because they were trimmed with cat fur, which had just been banned in the U.S. Subfamilies Cryptoproctinae Euplerinae Hemigalinae Paradoxurinae Viverrinae The 35 species of civet, genet and linsang make up the family Viverridae. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... A teddy bear A toy is an object meant to be played with. ...

Some Australian Aboriginal tribes have been known to hunt the feral cats as a secondary source of meat. One tribe well known for this activity believe this cat to be either indigenous or of ancient, non-European origin. However, one recent DNA analysis has shown its genetic similarity to British shorthair cats. Feral cats in Australia are regularly hunted, but not eaten, by non-Aboriginals due to their being voracious pests. They are considered a danger to native species. There is a small minority of scientists who contend the cats are more likely to eat from rubbish dumps and other food sources provided by humans. Australian Aborigines are the main indigenous people of Australia. ... Rescued feral kittens Most feral kittens have little chance of surving more than a few months and are vulnerable to starvation, predators, disease and even flea-induced anemia. ... The British Shorthair is a domesticated cat that is said to resemble a teddy bear. ...

The term roof-hare (roof-rabbit) applies to cat meat presented as that of a hare, another pet used as a source of meat. Subtracting the skin, feet, head and tail, hares and cats are practically identical. The only way to distinguish them is by looking at the processus hamatus of the feline scapula, which should have a processus suprahamatus. Dar gato por liebre ("to pass off a cat as a hare") is an expression common to many Spanish-speaking countries, equivalent to "to pull the wool over someone's eyes" derived from this basic scam. There is an equivalent Portuguese expression Comprar gato por lebre, meaning "to buy a cat as a hare". However, especially in Brazil, cat meat is seen as repulsive and people often shun barbecue establishments suspected of selling cat meat (although this seems unlikely, since cat meat is very different from beef). Left scapula - front view () Left scapula - rear view () In anatomy, the scapula, or shoulder blade, is the bone that connects the humerus (arm bone) with the clavicle (collar bone). ... A barbecue on a trailer at a block party in Kansas City. ...

Cows

Main article: Sacred cow

Many Hindus, particularly Brahmins, are vegetarians, abstaining from eating any meat at all, including fish (save for Brahmins in Bengal who do consume only fish). Most Hindus, except some semi-tribals and Dalits in a few pockets of India, abstain from the consumption of beef, as the cow holds a sacred place in Hindu society. However, the taboo does not extend to dairy products, since the preparation of dairy products does not involve slaughtering or harming the animal. Draft Zebus in Mumbai, India. ... This article is about the Hindu religion; for other meanings of the word, see Hindu (disambiguation). ... Young Indian brahmachari Brahmin A Brahmin (less often Brahman) is a member of the Hindu priestly caste. ... In South Asias caste system, a Dalit; often called an untouchable; is a person of shudra; the lowest of the four castes. ... A cut of beef. ... COW is an acronym for a number of things: Can of worms The COW programming language, an esoteric programming language. ... Hinduism (Sanskrit: , , also known as , ) is a religion that originated on the Indian subcontinent. ...

According to the scriptures of later Hinduism, it is a grave sin to kill a cow, to take part in its slaughter, or to eat its flesh. While the injunctions against eating beef arose long after the Vedas had been written, it is assumed that the largely pastoral Vedic people and subsequent generations of Hindus throughout the centuries relied so heavily on the cow for all sorts of dairy products, the tilling of fields, and fuel or fertiliser that its status as a willing "caretaker" of humanity grew to identifying it as an almost maternal figure. The economic origins of the cow-eating taboo can be observed from etymology: The Sanskrit word for cattle is pashu, which is cognate with the Latin word pecu, from which derives words pertaining to money in Latin (and into English) : pecunia, impecunious. The Vedas (Sanskrit: à¤µà¥‡à¤¦) are the main scriptural texts of Hinduism, also known as the Sanatana Dharma, and are a large corpus of texts originating in Ancient India. ... Cow dung is the feces of the bovine species. ... Fertilizers are chemicals given to plants with the intention of promoting growth; they are usually applied either via the soil or by foliar spraying. ... Etymology is the study of the origins of words. ... The Sanskrit language ( , ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 22 official languages of India. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in Latium, the region immediately surrounding Rome. ...

Traditionally people from lower castes, like Dalits, ate beef and carabeef (buffalo). In modern times, beef-eating has gained some acceptance in various parts of India, but only by those Hindus who are sometimes considered (and sometimes even scorned) by the others as being "extra-modern" or "over-Westernized". Note that by Indian law, the slaughter of cattle is banned in almost all Indian states except the states of Kerala and Arunachal Pradesh. Slaughter of cows is an extremely emotional and provocative issue for both mainstream Hindus and the followers of more extremist Hindutva ideology. The Hindu society considers eaters of cow's meat almost as barbarians. In South Asias caste system, a Dalit; often called an untouchable; is a person of shudra; the lowest of the four castes. ... Binomial name Bubalus arnee (Kerr, 1792) The Water Buffalo is a very large ungulate. ... Kerala ( ; Malayalam: à´•àµ‡à´°à´³à´‚, â€” ) is a state on the Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... Arunachal Pradesh (Hindi: Aruá¹‡Äcal PradeÅ›, Chinese: è—å— Zangnan) is a state of India. ... Hindutva (Hinduness, a word coined by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in his 1923 pamphlet entitled Hindutva: Who is a Hindu? ) is used to describe movements advocating Hindu nationalism. ...

Elderly Taiwanese may also refrain from eating cow meat, because many of them feel that it is wrong to eat an animal that was so useful in agriculture.

Crustaceans and other seafood

Blue crabs for sale at a market in Piraeus.

Almost all types of non-piscine seafood, such as shellfish, lobster, shrimp or crawfish, are forbidden by Judaism, some schools of Islam, and some followers of Christianity because such animals live in water but do not have both fins and scales (Leviticus 11:10-12). Download high resolution version (1454x1091, 200 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (1454x1091, 200 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Binomial name Callinectes sapidus Rathbun, 1896 The blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is a crustacean found in the waters off the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. ... View of Piraeus A night ferry about to leave the port of Piraeus for the Dodecanese Piraeus, or Peiraeus (Modern Greek: Î ÎµÎ¹ÏÎ±Î¹Î¬Ï‚ PeiraiÃ¡s or PireÃ¡s, Ancient Greek / Katharevousa: Î ÎµÎ¹ÏÎ±Î¹ÎµÏÏ‚ PireÃ©fs) is a city in the periphery of Attica, Greece, located south of Athens. ... Atlantic herring, Clupea harengus, the most abundant fish species in the world. ... Spaghetti with seafood (Spaghetti allo scoglio). ... Cooked mussels Shellfish is a term used to describe shelled molluscs and crustaceans used as food. ... For the magazine, see Lobster (magazine) Subfamilies and Genera Neophoberinae Acanthacaris Thymopinae Nephropsis Nephropides Thymops Thymopsis Nephropinae Homarus Nephrops Homarinus Metanephrops Eunephrops Thymopides Clawed lobsters comprise a family (Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine crustaceans. ... Superfamilies Alpheoidea Atyoidea Bresilioidea Campylonotoidea Crangonoidea Galatheacaridoidea Nematocarcinoidea Oplophoroidea Palaemonoidea Pandaloidea Pasiphaeoidea Procaridoidea Processoidea Psalidopodoidea Stylodactyloidea True shrimp are small, swimming, decapod crustaceans classified in the infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. ... This article needs cleanup. ... The circled U indicates that this product is certified as kosher by the Orthodox Union (OU). ... Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…), believe God (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life and teachings as presented in the New Testament. ... In most biological nomenclature, a scale (Greek lepid, Latin squama) is a small rigid plate that grows out of an animals skin to provide protection. ...

As with swine, crustaceans and many other forms of non-piscine seafood are scavengers that work at filtering the water. Improperly collected or uncooked seafood can be dangerous. It is probable that people who lived far from the sea and had no experience in choosing proper seafood would prefer to forgo all seafood as a question of safety.

Dogs

Main article: Dog meat

In a number of countries around the world, apart from being kept as pets, certain breeds of dogs are slaughtered as a source of meat and specifically raised on farms for that purpose in some countries. This article is about meat taken from dogs. ... Trinomial name Canis lupus familiaris The dog is a mammal in the order Carnivora. ... Slaughter may refer to: result of slaughtering, see slaughterhouse a music group Slaughter Jimmy Ray Slaughter awaiting execution in Oklahoma amidst brain fingerprinting controversy This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

According to the ancient Hindu scriptures (cf. Manusmriti and medicinal texts like Sushrut-Samhita), dog's meat was regarded as the most unclean (and rather poisonous) food possible—it was worthy only for the lowest of the untouchable castes — who were therefore called shvapacha (those cooking dog's meat). In modern India, dog's meat is eaten in a few pockets, as in the north eastern state of Nagaland by the tribals or converted Christians. The Manu Smriti or Laws of Manu, is one of the eighteen Smritis of the Dharma Sastra (or laws of righteous conduct), written c. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Nagaland (Hindi: à¤¨à¤¾à¤—à¤¾à¤²à¥ˆà¤‚à¤¡) is the farthest-lying state in northeast India. ...

In the Philippines, it is against the law to slaughter dogs as food. However, illegal slaughterhouses exist, and these are located mostly in the northern part of the country. The brutality of the manner of slaughtering the animals has come to the attention of the media which showed television documentaries of the illegal trade of dog meat.

Donkey

The meat of domesticated donkeys is not considered Halaal according to the Sharia of Islam. Halaal (ØÙ„Ø§Ù„, halÄl, halal) is an Islamic Arabic term meaning permissible. In English it is most frequently used to refer to food that is permissible according to Islamic law. ... Sharia ( translit: ) refers to the body of Islamic law. ...

Elephants

In Western societies elephants have often been associated with circuses and used for entertaining purposes. However, in Central and West Africa elephants are hunted for their meat. Some people in Thailand also believe that eating elephant meat improves their sex lives and elephants are sometimes butchered specifically for this. ^[9] ^[10] Genera and Species Loxodonta Loxodonta cyclotis Loxodonta africana Elephas Elephas maximus Elephas antiquus â€ Elephas beyeri â€ Elephas celebensis â€ Elephas cypriotes â€ Elephas ekorensis â€ Elephas falconeri â€ Elephas iolensis â€ Elephas planifrons â€ Elephas platycephalus â€ Elephas recki â€ Stegodon â€ Mammuthus â€ Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea... The Big Top of Billy Smarts Circus Cambridge 2004. ...

Judaism prohibits the consumption of elephant meat as an unclean land animal (similarly to the prohibition on camel meat) while some Islamic schools also forbid it.

Fish

The Kikuyu and Kalenjin people of Kenya observe a taboo against the consumption of fish. The rejection of fish may be attributable to the arid conditions and associated scarcity of water. The KÄ©kÅ©yÅ© (otherwise spelled GÄ©kÅ©yÅ©) ethnic group is Kenyas most populous ethnic group. ... The Kalenjin is a combination of seven tribes of a Nilotic ethnic group or tribe living in the Great Rift Valley in western Kenya. ... The Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) is one of the most popular freshwater aquarium fish species in the world. ...

Certain species of fish are also forbidden in Judaism and Islam, such as the freshwater eel (Anguillidae) and all species of catfish. This is because they live in water, but have no fins or scales. (See Leviticus). A common interpretation of the Islamic prohibition is that animals that "live in both worlds" may not be consumed. This applies to primarily aquatic animals that nest or breed on land. Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ... Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…), believe God (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ... Species See text Anguillidae is a family of fishes that contains many of the freshwater eels. ... Families Akysidae Amblycipitidae Amphiliidae Ariidae Aspredinidae Astroblepidae Auchenipteridae Bagridae Callichthyidae Cetopsidae Chacidae Clariidae Claroteidae Cranoglanididae Diplomystidae Doradidae Erethistidae Hypophthalmidae Ictaluridae Lacantuniidae Loricariidae Malapteruridae Mochokidae Nematogenyidae Pangasiidae Parakysidae Pimelodidae Plotosidae Schilbeidae Scoloplacidae Siluridae Sisoridae Trichomycteridae Catfish (order Siluriformes) are a diverse group of fish. ... Leviticus is the third book of the Hebrew Bible, also the third book in the Torah (five books of Moses). ...

The Greenland Norse, a civilization that lasted about 300 years following a colonization from Iceland, probably had a taboo against fish. This is most odd, as fish was the main source of food of the Inuit, who arrived shortly after the Norse and displaced them, and fishing is actually one of the main activities of today's Iceland. No fish bones or other remains have been found in garbage from Greenland Norse archeological sites, nor fishing equipment: they sustained themselves on agriculture, cattle, pork, goats and occasionally (as a last resort) seal meat. Hunting and whaling have always been important ways to make a living on Greenland. ... For other uses, see Inuit (disambiguation). ... Look up seal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

As is clear in the Catechism (section 1438), the Roman Catholic Church requires penance during Lent and on Fridays throughout the year. Traditional penance on Fridays is fasting from meat. However, a vegetarian, for example, would be required to fast in another way. In medieval times, meat was more expensive than fish; making meat taboo forced austerity on the believers, though this is not the purpose of fasting. The Roman Catholic Church or Catholic Church (see Terminology below) is the Christian Church in full communion with the Bishop of Rome, currently Pope Benedict XVI. It traces its origins to the original Christian community founded by Jesus, with its traditions first established by the Twelve Apostles and maintained through... Fasting is the act of willingly abstaining from some or all food and in some cases drink, for a period of time. ... Austerity is a term from economics that describes a policy where nations reduce living standards, curtail development projects, and generally shift the revenue stream out of the physical economy, in order to satisfy the demands of creditors. ...

Professional fisherman were granted favor and economic advantage for various Papal gifts, and hence, fish became the 'meat' officially sanctioned by Rome ^{[citation needed]}. There was no Papal condemnation for fish consumption on other days, but some penitent followers traditionally eat fish on Fridays.

Some Buddhists do not eat fish, because fish are believed to be reincarnations of their ancestors.

Guinea pigs

A guinea pig

Guinea pigs (cavies) were originally bred for their meat, and only became an exotic popular pet when introduced to Europe from America. Made by me File links The following pages link to this file: Guinea pig Categories: GFDL images ... Made by me File links The following pages link to this file: Guinea pig Categories: GFDL images ... Binomial name Cavia porcellus (Linnaeus, 1758) Guinea pigs (also called cavies) are rodents belonging to the family Caviidae and the genus Cavia, originally indigenous to the Andes. ... European redirects here. ... World map showing the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America and South America with their associated islands and regions. ...

Guinea pigs, or cuy, plural cuyes, continue to be a significant part of the diet in Peru, mostly in the Andes Mountains highlands, where they are an important source of protein and a mainstay of Andean folk medicine. Peruvians consume an estimated 65 million guinea pigs each year, and the animal is so entrenched in the culture that one famous painting of the Last Supper in the main cathedral in Cusco, Peru shows Christ and the 12 disciples dining on guinea pig. Today guinea pig meat is exported to the United States. See also architecture with non-sequential dynamic execution scheduling (ANDES). ... According to gospel, the Last Supper was the last meal Jesus shared with his apostles before his death. ... The Church of La Compañía on the Plaza de Armas in Cuzco Cuzco is a city in southeastern Peru in the Huatanay Valley (Sacred Valley), of the Andes mountain range. ...

In 2004, the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation took legal action to stop vendors serving skewered cuy at an Ecuadorian festival in Flushing Meadows Park. New York State allows for the consumption of guinea pigs, but New York City prohibits it based on a vague health code. Accusations of cultural persecution have since been leveled. The New York City Department of Parks and Recreation is the branch of government of the City of New York responsible for maintaining the citys parks system, preserving and maintaining the ecological diversity of the citys natural areas, and furnishing recreational opportunities for citys residents. ... Flushing Meadows Park, also sometimes referred to as Flushing Meadows-Corona Park, is located in northern Queens, New York City, USA at the intersection of the Long Island Expressway and the Grand Central Parkway. ...

La Molina National University [2], Peru's most prestigious agrarian university, has bred a larger, faster-growing variety of the animal that it hopes will prove a nutritional boon to the country, as well as a source of export income. This breed grows to about 2 kg, or at least twice the size of the native breed. Representation of a university class, 1350s. ... The international prototype, made of platinum-iridium, which is kept at the BIPM under conditions specified by the 1st CGPM in 1889. ...

Horses

Main article: Horse meat

Smoked and salted horse meat on a sandwich.

Horse may not be eaten by observant Jews, since under Mosaic Law, horse meat is forbidden because the horse is not a ruminant. However, in Islamic countries, horse is generally considered halal, although not commonly used for its meat. Musculature of horse Horse meat is meat made from a horse. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1460x1084, 325 KB) Smoked and salted horse meat on a sandwich. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1460x1084, 325 KB) Smoked and salted horse meat on a sandwich. ... Torah, (×ª×•×¨×”) is a Hebrew word meaning teaching, instruction, or especially law. It primarily refers to the first section of the Tanakhâ€“the first five books of the Hebrew Bible, or the Five Books of Moses, but can also be used in the general sense to also include both the Written... Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…), believe God (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The eating of horse meat is a food taboo to some people in the United Kingdom, the US, and Australia, and its supply is sometimes even illegal. It is also notable that the English language has no widely-used term for horse meat ("cheval meat" is sometimes used as a euphemism). In the UK, this strong taboo includes banning horsemeat from commercial pet food and DNA testing of some types of salami suspected of containing donkey meat. Like lobster and camel, it is forbidden in Judaism and some sects of Christianity. In 732 AD, year of the battle of Tours, which showed the emergent importance of cavalry, Pope Gregory III began an effort to stop the pagan practice of horse eating, calling it "abominable". Horses were far more necessary to stop the Muslim cavalry, threatening the Christian ascendant in Europe, with their own weapons. His edicts are based on the same scripture as the Jewish prohibitions and this ban remainded unlifted until XVIII century. The people of Iceland allegedly expressed reluctance to embrace Christianity for some time largely over the issue of giving up horse meat. United States is the current Good Article Collaboration of the week! Please help to improve this article to the highest of standards. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A euphemism is an expression intended by the speaker to be less offensive, disturbing, or troubling to the listener than the word or phrase it replaces, or in the case of doublespeak to make it less troublesome for the speaker. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... For the magazine, see Lobster (magazine) Subfamilies and Genera Neophoberinae Acanthacaris Thymopinae Nephropsis Nephropides Thymops Thymopsis Nephropinae Homarus Nephrops Homarinus Metanephrops Eunephrops Thymopides Clawed lobsters comprise a family (Nephropidae, sometimes also Homaridae) of large marine crustaceans. ... Species Camelus bactrianus Camelus dromedarius Camels are even-toed ungulates in the genus Camelus. ... The circled U indicates that this product is certified as kosher by the Orthodox Union (OU). ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life and teachings as presented in the New Testament. ... Events October 10 - Battle of Tours: Near Poitiers, France, leader of the Franks Charles Martel and his men, defeat a large army of Moors, stopping the Muslims from spreading into Western Europe. ... Combatants Carolingian Franks Umayyad Caliphate Commanders Charles Martel â€˜Abd-al-Raá¸¥mÄn al-GhÄfiqÄ«â€ Strength Unknown, but probably around 33,000 [1] Unknown, but one modern source estimates around 20,000 to 30,000 [2] Some later Arab sources[3] mention a figure of 80,000. ... Saint Gregory III, pope (731-741), a Syrian by birth, succeeded Gregory II in March 731. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life and teachings as presented in the New Testament. ...

Human Meat

Main article: Cannibalism

Of all the taboo meat, human flesh ranks as the most proscribed. Historically, humans have consumed the flesh of fellow humans in rituals and out of insanity, hatred, or overriding hunger — almost never as a common part of their diet. Cannibalism in Brazil in 1557 as alleged by Hans Staden. ...

Insects

See also: Entomophagy

Except for certain locusts and related species, insects are not considered kosher. Many find the consumption of insects to be disgusting rather than immoral. In particular, some insects and insect larvae, such as weevils and maggots, are associated with food spoilage. Entomophagy is the concept of humans eating insects for food. ... Desert locust Nymph of Locust Schistocera americana with distinct wing-rudiments Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria Locust from the 1915 Locust Plague For other uses, see Locust (disambiguation). ... Classes & Orders See taxonomy Insects are invertebrate animals of the Class Insecta, the largest and (on land) most widely-distributed taxon within the phylum Arthropoda. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... A larva (Latin; plural larvae) is a juvenile form of animal with indirect development, undergoing metamorphosis (for example, insects or amphibians). ... Families Nemonychidae Anthribidae Belidae Attelabidae Brentidae Caridae Ithyceridae Curculionidae A weevil is a beetle from the Curculionoidea superfamily. ... http://www. ...

Many different kinds of insects have traditionally been consumed as food in non-European cultures, including locusts, grasshoppers, and crickets, and larvae such as caterpillars, bee grubs and witchetty grubs. For example, grasshoppers (inago) and bee larvae (hachinoko) are eaten in some regions of Japan, and silkworm larvae (beondegi in Korean or nhộng in Vietnamese) are a popular snack food in these countries. Mopane worms, a species of caterpillar, are an important protein source in South Africa. Bugs, as well as spiders, are popular all over Southeast Asia. Desert locust Nymph of Locust Schistocera americana with distinct wing-rudiments Desert Locust Schistocerca gregaria Locust from the 1915 Locust Plague For other uses, see Locust (disambiguation). ... Families Superfamily: Tridactyloidea Cylindrachaetidae Ripipterygidae Tridactylidae Superfamily: Tetrigoidea Tetrigidae Superfamily: Eumastacoidea Chorotypidae Episactidae Eumastacidae Euschmidtiidae Mastacideidae Morabidae Proscopiidae Thericleidae Superfamily: Pneumoroidea Pneumoridae Superfamily: Pyrgomorphoidea Pyrgomorphidae Superfamily: Acridoidea Acrididae Charilaidae Dericorythidae Lathiceridae Lentulidae Lithidiidae Ommexechidae Pamphagidae Pyrgacrididae Romaleidae Tristiridae Superfamily: Tanaoceroidea Tanaoceridae Superfamily: Trigonopterygoidea Trigonopterygidae Xyronotidae Grasshoppers are herbivorous insects of... Subfamilies See text Crickets, family Gryllidae (also known as true crickets), are insects somewhat related to grasshoppers and more closely related to katydids or bush crickets (order Orthoptera). ... The striking caterpillar of the Emperor Gum Moth This article is about insect larva. ... Families Andrenidae Apidae Colletidae Halictidae Megachilidae Melittidae Stenotritidae Bee collecting pollen Bees (a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea, presently classified by the unranked taxon name Anthophila) are flying insects, closely related to wasps and ants. ... Grub or GRUB can mean: a slang term for food a beetle larva that resembles a worm a distributed commercial search engine: see Grub (search engine) a number of places in Switzerland, Austria and Germany, such as: Grub, canton of Appenzell Outer Rhodes, Switzerland Grub, Germany for the GNU project... A Witchetty grub is a large wood-eating larva of the ghost moth. ... Binomial name Bombyx mori Linnaeus, 1758 For other senses of this word, see silkworm (disambiguation). ... Beondegi (ë²ˆë°ê¸°) are a popular snack food in Korean cuisine. ... Binomial name Gonimbrasia belina (Linnaeus, 1758) The mopani or mopane worm (Gonimbrasia belina) is a large edible caterpillar that is found in much of southern Africa. ... Diversity 111 families, 40,000 species Suborders Mesothelae Mygalomorphae Araneomorphae See Table of Families Wikispecies has information related to: Spiders A South American Argiope Spiders are predatory invertebrate animals with two body segments, eight legs, no chewing mouth parts and no wings. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...

Casu marzu is a type of cheese made in Sardinia, Italy that has been deliberately cultivated with the larvae of the cheese fly to change the characteristics of the cheese. No image available Country of origin Italy Region, town Sardinia Source of milk Sheep Pasteurized No Texture Soft Aging time ? Certification none Casu marzu (also called casu modde or formaggio marcio) is a cheese found in Sardinia, Italy, notable for being riddled with live insect larvae. ... Cheese is a solid food made from the milk of cows, goats, sheep, and other mammals. ... Sardinia (Sardegna in Italian, Sardigna or Sardinna in the Sardinian language), is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (Sicily is the largest), between Italy, Spain and Tunisia, south of Corsica. ... Common names of piophila casei: Adult: Cheese fly Bacon fly Larva: Cheese skipper Bacon skipper Ham skipper Cheese maggot Cheese hopper Cheese flies are members of the family Piophilidae of flies (Diptera). ...

Western taboos against insects as a food source generally do not apply to honey (concentrated nectar which has been regurgitated by bees). For example, honey is considered kosher even though honeybees are not, an apparent exception to the normal rule that products of an unclean animal are also unclean. On the other hand, many vegans avoid honey as they would any other animal product. A jar of honey, shown with a wooden honey server and scones. ... In Greek mythology, nectar and ambrosia are the food of the gods. ... Regurgitation is the passive flow of stomach contents back into the esophagus and mouth. ... Families Andrenidae Apidae Colletidae Halictidae Megachilidae Melittidae Stenotritidae Bee collecting pollen Bees (a monophyletic lineage within the superfamily Apoidea, presently classified by the unranked taxon name Anthophila) are flying insects, closely related to wasps and ants. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Species Apis andreniformis Apis cerana, or eastern honey bee Apis dorsata, or giant honey bee Apis florea Apis koschevnikovi Apis laboriosa Apis mellifera, or western honey bee Apis nigrocincta Apis nuluensis Honey bees are a subset of bees which represent a far smaller fraction of bee diversity than most people... The logo of the worlds first Vegan Society, registered in 1944 Veganism (also known as strict vegetarianism or pure vegetarianism) is a philosophy and lifestyle that avoids using animals and animal products for food, clothing and other purposes. ...

Kangaroo

Kangaroo meat consumption has a long history in Australia by Indigenous Australians and early European settlers, however it has had a varied history as meat in Australia due to the emotive association, predominantly by foreigners, of kangaroos as pets and a national symbol. In actuality the relatively lower consumption compared to beef and lamb is primarily due to the higher relative cost and more exotic "gamey" flavour of the meat. Kangaroo meat is the base of dishes in many restaurants and is available at many butchers and major supermarkets as mince, sausages and steak. The meat can also be smoke cured and makes an interesting prosciutto. Species Macropus rufus Macropus giganteus Macropus fuliginosus A kangaroo is any of several large macropods (the marsupial family that also includes the wallabies, tree-kangaroos, wallaroos, pademelons and the Quokka: 63 species in all). ... A cut of beef. ... It has been suggested that Lambing be merged into this article or section. ... Prosciutto Prosciutto (IPA: [proÊƒuÊ”Í¡to]) is the Italian word for ham. ...

Kangaroos, along with emus, are the only national symbols which are consumed freely. Binomial name Dromaius novaehollandiae (Latham, 1790) Synonyms Dromiceius novaehollandiae The Emu (IPA pronunciation: ), Dromaius novaehollandiae, is the largest bird native to Australia and the only extant member of the genus Dromaius. ...

Offal

In countries such as Australia, Canada and the United States, many people are squeamish about eating offal, or the internal organs of butchered animals. Organ meats such as sweetbreads and kidney which are considered edible in other cultures are more often regarded as fit only for processing into pet food under the euphemism "meat by-products" in the United States; however, both are served in American restaurants specializing in European cusine. Except for liver (chicken, beef, or pork), and intestines used as natural sausage casings, organ meats consumed in the U.S. tend to be regional or ethnic specialties; for example, tripe as menudo or modongo among Latinos, chitterlings in the southern states, scrapple in the Philadelphia region, and beef testicles called Rocky mountain oysters or "prairie oysters" in the west. Scrapple sandwich at the Delaware state fair Offal is the entrails and internal organs of a butchered animal. ... Sweetbread is the name of a dish made of the thymus (neck/throat/gullet sweetbread) or the pancreas (belly/stomach/heart sweetbread) of an animal younger than one year old. ... Human kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed The kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs in vertebrates. ... A euphemism is an expression intended by the speaker to be less offensive, disturbing, or troubling to the listener than the word or phrase it replaces, or in the case of doublespeak to make it less troublesome for the speaker. ... The liver is the largest internal organ of the human body. ... It has been suggested that makkara be merged into this article or section. ... Tripe is a type of edible offal made from the stomach of various domestic animals. ... Look up Latino, latino in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Chitterlings (pronounced CHIT-lins and sometimes spelled chitlins) are the small intestines of a pig that have been prepared as food. ... Scrapple sandwich at the Delaware state fair Scrapple is a savory cornmeal pudding or mush in which the cornmeal is simmered with pork scraps and trimmings, then formed into a loaf, similar to polenta. ... Human male anatomy The testicles, or testes (singular testis), are the male generative glands in animals. ... A prairie oyster is a testicle cut from a young calf, eaten lightly fried as a delicacy. ...

Pigs/Pork

Main article: Religious restrictions on the consumption of pork

Consumption of pigs is forbidden among Muslims, Jews, Seventh-day Adventists, and others. There are various theories concerning the origins of this law, but none has been universally accepted. Religious restrictions on the consumption of pork exist in both the Muslim dietary laws and Jewish dietary laws, making it a taboo meat. ... The Seventh-day Adventist Church is a Christian denomination which, as its name suggests, is best-known for its teaching that Saturday, the seventh day of the week, is the Sabbath and that the second advent of Jesus Christ is imminent. ...

In the 19th century some people attributed the pig taboo in the middle east to the danger of the parasite trichina. This theory still circulates outside scientific circles, but is now rejected by most anthropologists. Trichinosis, also called trichinellosis, is a parasitic disease caused by eating raw or undercooked pork and wild game products infected with the larvae of a species of roundworm Trichinella spiralis, commonly called the trichina worm. ...

The materialistic theories tries to prove that the pig taboo is just a product of practical considerations. Marvin Harris especially have tried to prove that pigs are not suited for being kept in the middle east on an ecological and socio-economical level. The term Cultural materialism refers to two separate scholarly endeavours: It is an anthropological research paradigm championed most notably by Marvin Harris. ... Marvin Harris Marvin Harris (August 18, 1927 â€“ October 25, 2001) was an American anthropologist and highly influential in the development of cultural materialism. ...

A common explanation to the fact that pigs are widely considered unclean in the Middle East is that they are omnivorous: they do not discern between meat or vegetation in their natural dietary habits. They also eat their own feces and the feces of other animals; this is quite unlike other animals which humans consume (cows, horses, goats, etc.) who would naturally eat only plants. In most, though not all cases, mammals do not eat the meat of other meat-eaters; consumption of pigs by humans would thus seem unnatural. Omnivores are organisms that consume both plants and animals. ...

It is often said that pig flesh is the closest thing in nature to human flesh, and in the past some peoples of Papua New Guinea used a phrase which translated as "long pig" to refer to human flesh; pigs have also been considered for xenotransplantation, as their internal organs are remarkably similar to humans. It has also been argued that since the pigs diet so much resembles the human diet that they become competitors over the same food. Bold textJohan heeft een dikke LUL believe me i know grtz gertjan!!! Hoi A4T, Leuk he ANW. Ja geweldig!!!! GERBEN STINKT Im gOd. ... In biology, an organ is a group of tissues which perform some function. ...

One other explanation for pork taboos given by some scholars is that some foods are prohibited so that humans will understand that they have limitations, basically as a reminder that they must keep to the discipline of their Creator, and that they should not take lightly their obligation to steward all the Earth's species well. This explanation is not universally accepted. A scholar is either a student or someone who has achieved a mastery of some academic discipline, perhaps receiving financial support through a scholarship. ...

There is also a theory that there might have been a Scottish pork taboo many centuries ago. The Scottish pork taboo is an interesting, but little known part of Scottish history. ...

Primates

The consumption of apes and monkeys such as chimpanzees, gorillas, mandrills and guenons is quite common in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa. ^[11] ^[12] ^[13] ^[14] Bonobos (also known as pygmy chimpanzees), have a DNA more than 98% identical to that of humans, but have been extensively hunted in Congo to the level that they are now considered an endangered species. In certain parts of Congo the hand and feet of gorillas are regarded as a delicacy and are served to special guests. Apes are also eaten in southeast Asia (especially Indonesia). Some consider the consumption of apes to be too close to human cannibalism due to the similarity of our own species. The similarity increases the danger of viruses. Most of it is "bushmeat" or caught from the wild, in area of high non-human primate populations such as Central Africa and southeast Asia. One of the major theories for the origin of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in humans is the eating of primate meat infected with a similar virus. (see: Kuru). Families Hylobatidae Hominidae Apes are the members of the Hominoidea superfamily of primates, which includes humans. ... For other uses, see Monkey (disambiguation). ... Type Species Simia troglodytes Blumenbach, 1775 Species Pan troglodytes Pan paniscus Chimpanzee, often shortened to chimp, is the common name for the two extant species in the genus Pan. ... Type Species Troglodytes gorilla Savage, 1847 distribution of Gorilla Species Gorilla gorilla Gorilla beringei The gorilla, the largest of the living primates, is a ground-dwelling herbivore that inhabits the forests of Africa. ... Binomial name Mandrillus sphinx (Linnaeus, 1758) The Mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) is a primate of the Cercopithecidae (Old-world monkeys) family, closely related to the baboons and even more closely to the Drill. ... Type species Simia diana Linnaeus, 1758 Species see text The guenons are the genus Cercopithecus of Old World monkeys. ... A geographical map of Africa, showing the ecological break that defines the sub-Saharan area A political map showing national divisions in relation to the ecological break Sub-Saharan Africa is the term used to describe those countries of the African continent that are not considered part of North Africa. ... Binomial name Pan paniscus Schwarz, 1929 Bonobo distribution The Bonobo (Pan paniscus), until recently usually called the Pygmy Chimpanzee and less often the Dwarf or Gracile Chimpanzee, is one of the two species comprising the chimpanzee genus, Pan. ... The general structure of a section of DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the biological development of a cellular form of life or a virus. ... The endangered Sea Otter An endangered species is a population of organisms (usually a taxonomic species), which because it is either (a) few in number or (b) threatened by changing environmental or predation parameters, it is at risk of becoming extinct. ... Groups I: dsDNA viruses II: ssDNA viruses III: dsRNA viruses IV: (+)ssRNA viruses V: (-)ssRNA viruses VI: ssRNA-RT viruses VII: dsDNA-RT viruses A virus (Latin, poison) is a microscopic particle that can infect the cells of a biological organism. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a frequently mutating retrovirus that attacks the human immune system and which has been shown to cause acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Kuru can mean: Kuru, a disease, related to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), affecting cannibals. ...

Rabbit

Cottontail rabbit

Leporids such as European rabbits and hares make friendly pets for fanciers or those allergic to cats and dogs. They are also a food meat in Europe, South America, North America, some parts of the Middle East, and China, among other places. The consumption of rabbit meat, however, historically pre-dates their use as pets, and is therefore not considered taboo by most people. Download high resolution version (1024x768, 111 KB) [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (1024x768, 111 KB) [1] File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Species Sylvilagus aquaticus Sylvilagus auduboni Sylvilagus bachmani Sylvilagus brasiliensis Sylvilagus cunicularis Sylvilagus dicei Sylvilagus floridanus Sylvilagus graysoni Sylvilagus insonus Sylvilagus mansuetus Sylvilagus nuttallii Sylvilagus palustris Sylvilagus transitionalis The cottontail rabbits (Sylvilagus) are a genus of American lagomorphs in the family Leporidae, in appearance closely similar to the wild European Rabbit... Genera Pentalagus Bunolagus Nesolagus Romerolagus Brachylagus Sylvilagus Oryctolagus Poelagus Caprolagus Pronolagus Lepus Leporids are the approximately 50 species of rabbits and hares which form the family Leporidae. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Species Many, see text Hares and jackrabbits belong to family Leporidae, and mostly in genus Lepus. ... Animal fancy is a hobby that includes pet and exotic pet ownership, showing and other competitions, breeding and judging. ... European redirects here. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America. ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ...

Michael Moore's film Roger and Me famously features a poor Flint, Michigan woman selling "bunnies for pets, rabbits for meat". Michael Francis Moore (born April 23, 1954) is an American political-activist, a film director, author, social commentator, and political humorist. ... Movie Poster for Michael Moores documentary Roger and Me Roger & Me is a 1989 American documentary film directed and reported by independent filmmaker/journalist Michael Moore. ... Flint, Michigan is a city in the U.S. state of Michigan, located along the Flint River, 66 miles (106 km) northwest of Detroit. ... Official language(s) None (English, de-facto) Capital Lansing Largest city Detroit Area Ranked 11th - Total 97,990 sq mi (253,793 kmÂ²) - Width 239 miles (385 km) - Length 491 miles (790 km) - % water 41. ...

Rabbit meat was once commonly sold in Sydney, Australia, the sellers of which giving the name to the rugby league team the South Sydney Rabbitohs, but quickly became unpopular after the disease myxomatosis was introduced in an attempt to wipe out the feral rabbit population (see also Rabbits in Australia). This article is about the metropolitan area in Australia. ... Rugby league is a team sport played by two teams of 17 players, with 13 on the field at any one time and 4 on the bench (reserves). ... The South Sydney Rabbitohs (commonly nicknamed Souths, the Bunnies or the Pride of the League) are a team in the National Rugby League (NRL), the premier rugby league competition in Australia. ... Myxomatosis (from the Greek Î¼ÏÎ¾Î± (mucus), and Î¼Î±Ï„ÏŽÎ½Ï‰ (to bleed)) is a disease which infects only rabbits. ... A European Rabbit in Australia In Australia, rabbits are the most serious mammalian pests, an invasive species, and are responsible for the extinction of about as many native animals as the fox. ...

The hare is specifically stated to be unclean in the book of Leviticus in the Bible, making it taboo for Jews and those Christians that hold these rules to be binding for themselves. Species Many, see text Hares and jackrabbits belong to family Leporidae, and mostly in genus Lepus. ... It has been suggested that Clean animals be merged into this article or section. ... Leviticus is the third book of the Hebrew Bible, also the third book in the Torah (five books of Moses). ... For other uses, see Bible (disambiguation). ...

Alevis and Alawites consider the meat of rabbit and hare haraam. Alevis (Turkish: Aleviler) are adherents of a specific strand of Islam, with influences that include Anatolian traditions and ancient Turkic Shamanism . ... For the Alaouite dynasty of Morocco see:Alaouite Dynasty, for the former state now in Yemen see: Alawi (sheikhdom) The Alawi, also known as Alawites, Nusayris or Ansaris, are an independant Middle Eastern sect of Islam[1] lead some to erroneously think that the Alawites were crypto-christians. ... Haraam (harÄm) (Arabic: ØØ±Ø§Ù… ) is an Arabic word, used in Islam to refer to anything that is prohibited by the faith. ...

Rats and Mice

In most Western cultures, rats and mice are considered either unclean vermin or pets and thus unfit for human consumption, traditionally being seen as carriers of plague. However, rats are commonly eaten in Ghana and in rural Thailand, Vietnam and other parts of Indochina. Cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus and Thryonomys gregorianus) and some species of field mice are a rich source of protein in Africa. Bamboo rats are also commonly eaten in the poorer parts of South-east Asia. Historically, rats and mice have also been eaten in the West during times of shortage or emergency, such as during the Battle of Vicksburg and the Siege of Paris. Mice were also domesticated and raised for food in ancient Rome. In some Asian countries, mice are eaten, and go by the name of vole. In France, rats bred in the wine stores of Gironde were cooked with the fire of broken wine barrels and eaten, dubbed as cooper's entrecôte. In some communities the muskrat (which is not a rat at all) is hunted for its meat (and fur) (e.g. some parts of Flanders); see also under "Fish" above for consumption of beaver tails. Species 50 species; see text *Several subfamilies of Muroids include animals called rats. ... Feral mouse A mouse (Plural mice) is a mammal that belongs to one of numerous species of small rodents. ... The bane of Australian farmers - the wild rabbit Mouse Vermin is a pejorative word given to animals which are considered by users of the word to be pests or nuisances, most associated with the carrying of disease. ... Look up plague in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Indochina, or the Indochinese Peninsula, is a region in Southeast Asia. ... Species Thryonomys gregorianus (Lesser Cane Rat) Thryonomys swinderianus (Greater Cane Rat) The genus Thryonomys, also know as cane rats, is a genus of rodent found in Africa south of the Sahara. ... Genera Rhizomys Cannomys Species Rhizomys sinensis Rhizomys pruinosus Rhizomys sumatrensis Cannomys badius The bamboo rats are four species of rodents of the subfamily Rhizomyinae. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Combatants United States of America Confederate States of America Commanders Ulysses S. Grant John C. Pemberton Strength Army of the Tennessee Army of Vicksburg Casualties 10,142 9,091 (30,000 paroled) The Battle of Vicksburg or Siege of Vicksburg was the final significant battle in the Vicksburg Campaign of... Combatants Prussia, Baden Bavaria, WÃ¼rttemberg (later German Empire) France Commanders Wilhelm I of Germany Helmuth von Moltke Louis Jules Trochu Joseph Vinoy Strength 240,000 regulars 200,000 regulars 200,000 militia and sailors Casualties 12,000 dead or wounded 24,000 dead or wounded 146,000 captured 47... The Roman Forum was the central area around which ancient Rome developed. ... Genera Microtus Myodes Phenacomys Lagurus Arvicola A vole is a small rodent resembling a mouse but with a stouter body, a shorter hairy tail, and smaller ears and eyes. ... Gironde is a dÃ©partement in the southwest of France named after the Gironde Estuary. ... [[{{{diversity_link}}}|Diversity]] {{{diversity}}} Binomial name Ondatra zibethicus (Linnaeus, 1766) Trinomial name {{{trinomial}}} Type Species {{{type_species}}} {{{subdivision_ranks}}} Muskrat range (native range in red, introduced range in green) Synonyms {{{synonyms}}} Muskrat lodge, middle Patuxent River marsh, Maryland The Muskrat or Musquash (Ondatra zibethicus), the only species in genus Ondatra, is a large... Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen) has several main meanings: the social, cultural and linguistical, scientific and educational, economical and political community of the Flemings; some prefer to call this the Flemish community (others refer to this as the Flemish nation) which is, with over 6 million inhabitants, the majority of all Belgians... Species C. canadensis C. fiber Beavers are semi-aquatic rodents native to North America and Europe. ...

Vegetables

In certain versions of Buddhism, onions and chives are taboo. Specifically, Kashmiri Brahmans forbid "strong flavored" foods. This encompasses garlic, onion, and spices such as black pepper and chili pepper. Brahmans believe that pungent flavors on the tongue inflame the baser emotions. A replica of an ancient statue of Gautama Buddha, found in Sarnath, near Varanasi. ... Binomial name Allium cepa L. Onion in the general sense can be used for any plant in the genus Allium but used without qualifiers usually means Allium cepa, also called the garden onion. ... Binomial name Allium schoenoprasum Regel & Tiling Chives (Allium schoenoprasum) are a species of flowering plant in the onion family Alliaceae, native to Europe and Asia. ... For other uses, see Kashmiri (disambiguation) Kashmiri is a Dardic language spoken primarily in Kashmir, an Asian region now split between India, Pakistan and China. ... Brahman (Devanagari: à¤¬à¥à¤°à¤¹à¥à¤® ) in the Vedantic schools of Hindu philosophy, is the signifying name given to the concept of the unchanging, infinite, immanent and transcendent reality of all things in this universe. ... Binomial name Piper nigrum L. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. ... The chili pepper, chile pepper, or chilli pepper, or simply chilli, chili or chile, is the fruit of the plant Capsicum from the nightshade family, Solanaceae. ...

In Yazidism, the eating of lettuce and butter beans is taboo. The Muslim religious teacher and scholar, Falah Hassan Juma, links the sect's belief of evil found in lettuce to its long history of persecution by Muslims and Christians. The Caliphs of the Ottoman Empire carried out massacres against the Yazidis in the 18th and 19th centuries, with the faithful slain in the lettuce fields then dotting northeastern Iraq. Another historical theory claims one ruthless potentate who controlled the city of Mosul in the 13th century ordered an early Yazidi saint executed. The enthusiastic crowd then pelted the corpse with heads of lettuce. The Yazidi or Yezidi (Kurdish: ÃŠzidÃ®) are adherents of a small Middle Eastern religion with ancient origins. ... Binomial name Lactuca sativa L. Percentages are relative to US RDI values for adults. ... Binomial name Phaseolus lunatus L. The Lima bean or butter bean or Liam and Alec (Phaseolus lunatus, Fabaceae) is grown as a vegetable for its mature and immature beans. ... Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word خليفة or Khalifah, is the term or title for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. ... Imperial motto (Ottoman Turkish) Ø¯ÙˆÙ„Øª Ø§Ø¨Ø¯ Ù…Ø¯Øª Devlet-i Ebed-mÃ¼ddet (The Eternal State) The Ottoman Empire at the height of its power (1683) Official language Ottoman Turkish Capital SÃ¶ÄŸÃ¼t (1299-1326), Bursa (1326-1365), Edirne (1365-1453), Constantinople (modern-day Istanbul) (1453-1922) Imperial anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Sovereigns Padishah... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Whales

See also: Whaling

The International Whaling Commission passed a moratorium on commercial whaling on July 23, 1982- but it didn't come into effect until 1985-86. Norway resumed commercial whaling of minke whales in 1993 and it is still a popular meat, especially on Norway's western coast. Japan and Iceland argue that their whaling is done for "scientific" purposes, but this has been met with skepticism by many international anti-whaling and scientific groups, and their kills often ends up at food markets. The crew of the oceanographic research vessel Princesse Alice, of Albert Grimaldi (later Prince Albert I of Monaco) pose while flensing a catch. ... International Whaling Commission Logo The International Whaling Commission (IWC) was set up by the International Convention for the Regulation of Whaling (ICRW)[1] on December 2, 1946 to promote and maintain whale fishery stocks. ...

In those countries whale meat is eaten but has seen a decline in popularity due to international pressure. Despite the general ban on whale hunting in the United States and Canada, some indigenous groups are allowed to hunt for cultural reasons.

Taboo drinks

Alcohol

Some religions—most notably Islam, Sikhism, the Bahá'í Faith, Latter-day Saints, the Nikaya and most Mahayana schools of Buddhism and some Protestant denominations of Christianity—forbid or discourage the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…), believe God (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ... Sikhism (IPA: or ; Punjabi: , , IPA: ) is a religion that began in sixteenth century Northern India with the teachings of Nanak and nine successive human gurus. ... Seat of the Universal House of Justice in Haifa, Israel, governing body of the BahÃ¡Ãs The BahÃ¡Ã Faith is a religion founded by BahÃ¡ullÃ¡h in 19th century Persia. ... A Latter-day Saint is a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Early Buddhist schools. ... Relief image of the bodhisattva Kuan Yin from Mt. ... A replica of an ancient statue of Gautama Buddha, found in Sarnath, near Varanasi. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... Christianity is a monotheistic[1] religion centered on Jesus of Nazareth, and on his life and teachings as presented in the New Testament. ... Bottles of cachaÃ§a, a Brazilian alcoholic beverage. ...

Blood

Drinking blood is a strong social taboo in most countries, often with a vague emotive association with vampirism (the consumption of human blood). Human blood smear: a - erythrocytes; b - neutrophil; c - eosinophil; d - lymphocyte. ... Further reading Christopher Frayling - Vampyres: Lord Byron to Count Dracula 1992. ...

Although blood sausage, or blood made to cake form, is quite popular in many parts of the world, it is considered repulsive in most of the United States. In Britain and some Commonwealth countries, "black pudding" or "blood pudding" is made from blood and some filler grains and spices, often oatmeal. Blood sausage is also popular in Finland (mustamakkara) and some Baltic nations like Latvia and Estonia. In China, Thailand and Vietnam coagulated chicken, duck, goose or pig blood, known in Chinese as "blood tofu" (血豆腐 xuě dòufǔ) is used in soups, such as the classic Thai dish kuay tiaw reua (boat noodles). In Sweden, the blood soup svartsoppa is traditionally eaten on certain holidays. Polish cuisine, has a version, czarnina, which in enjoyed by many adherents, in certain regions. In Laos, and sometimes Thailand (especially the Northeast), a raw version of laap, a meat salad, is made with minced raw-meat, seasoned in spices, and covered with blood. Morcilla cocida: Spanish-style blood sausage Blood sausage or black pudding or blood pudding is a sausage made by cooking down the blood of an animal with meat, fat or filler until it is thick enough to congeal when cooled. ... Half eaten mustamakkara meal at Tapolas mustamakkarabaari. ... Svartsoppa (Black soup) is a soup consumed in SkÃ¥ne with goose blood (or sometimes pig blood) as the main ingredient. ... Czernina (from the Polish word czarny - black; sometimes also Czarnina or Czarna polewka) is a Polish soup made of ducks blood and clear poultry broth. ... For other articles with similar names, see Isan (disambiguation). ... Larb (Thai à¸¥à¸²à¸š) or Laap is a type of Thai/Lao meat salad. ...

Followers of Judaism, Islam, and Jehovah's Witnesses are forbidden to drink blood or eat food made with blood. Some fundamentalist Christians follow the teaching in Leviticus 17:10-12, that since "the life of the animal is in the blood", no person may eat (drink) the blood on pain of excommunication. Judaism is the religion of the Jewish people. ... Islam (Arabic: ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the Quran, its principal scripture, whose followers, known as Muslims (Ù…Ø³Ù„Ù…), believe God (Arabic: Ø§Ù„Ù„Ù‡ ) sent through revelations to Muhammad. ... Leviticus is the third book of the Hebrew Bible, also the third book in the Torah (five books of Moses). ...

At the Circulo de bellas artes in Madrid, Jewish artist, Lennie Lee deliberately drank blood to raise awareness of the blood libel accusation that othroughout history was commonly directed at the Jewish community. The word Jew ( Hebrew: יהודי) is used in a wide number of ways, but generally refers to a follower of the Jewish faith, a child of a Jewish mother, or someone of Jewish descent with a connection to Jewish culture or ethnicity and often a combination... Lennie Lee was born March 4, 1958 in Johannesberg, South Africa. ...

The Maasai and Batemi people of Tanzania drink cow's blood mixed with milk as a major part of their diet. In Kenya, camel blood is drunk. A Maasai tribesman The Maasai are an indigenous African tribe of semi-nomadic people located in Kenya and northern Tanzania, are probably one of the most familiar tribes of East Africa. ... COW is an acronym for a number of things: Can of worms The COW programming language, an esoteric programming language. ... A glass of cows milk Milk is the nutrient fluid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals (including monotremes). ... Species Camelus bactrianus Camelus dromedarius Camels are even-toed ungulates in the genus Camelus. ...

A special dish called Dinuguan (literally meaning "of blood") is eaten in the Philippines. It consists of pig or cow intestines, liver, and other organs stewed in pig or cow blood. Dinuguan (Pork Blood Stew), is a Filipino dish made from the blood, entrails, and meat of a pig. ...

There is one religious sect in the Philippines that is very critical of this practice of eating dinuguan, the Iglesia ni Cristo. But a majority of the Christian populace loves the dish which is deeply rooted in the Philippine culture. Dinuguan is usually eaten with Puto, a type of rice cake. Iglesia ni Cristos first chapel The Iglesia ni Cristo (IPA: ) (also known as INC, Iglesia ni Manalo, or Iglesya ni Kristo ; Filipino for Church of Christ) is a nontrinitarian independent religious organization which originated in the Philippines. ...

In the northern state of Nuevo Leon in Mexico a soup or stew known as fritada is made with the offal and blood of kid goats (cabrito in Spanish). Other Mexican States Capital Monterrey Other major cities Area 64,924 km² Ranked 13th Population (2000 census) 3,826,240 Ranked 9th Governor (2003-09) José Natividad González Parás (PRI/PVEM) Federal Deputies (11) PRI/PVEM = 10 PAN = 1 Federal Senators PAN = 2 PRI = 1 ISO 3166-2... Cabrito is roast goat-kid. ...

In Brazil several popular dishes include blood, like chouriço (a type of sausage made of pig's guts and blood) and the ubiquitous galinha ao molho pardo (chicken with dark gravy, the dark of the gravy being given by the chicken's own blood). The ancient Spartan black broth included blood as a major ingredient. Sparta (Doric: , Attic: ) is a city in southern Greece. ... The Spartan melas zomos, or black soup, was a staple soup made of boiled pigs blood, pork, and vinegar. ...

Coffee and tea

In addition to alcohol, coffee and tea are also taboo drinks for members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and some other Mormon groups. For some Mormons this taboo extends to cola and other caffeinated beverages, but usually not to chocolate. A cup of coffee // Coffee is a popular beverage prepared from the roasted seeds â€“ commonly referred to as beans â€“ of the coffee plant. ... Tea leaves in a Chinese gaiwan. ... This is the current Mormon collaboration of the month! Please help improve it to meet the ideal article standard. ... The Salt Lake Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is the most-recognized architectural symbol of Mormonism For other uses, see Mormon (disambiguation). ... Several different brands of cola. ... Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid compound that acts as a stimulant in humans. ... Chocolate most commonly comes in dark, milk, and white varieties, with cocoa solids contributing to the brown coloration. ...

References

Stewart Lee Allen. In the Devil's Garden: A Sinful History of Forbidden Food. ISBN 0345440153.
Calvin W. Schwabe. Unmentionable Cuisine. ISBN 0-8139-1162-1.
Frederick J. Simoons. Eat Not This Flesh: Food Avoidances from Prehistory to the Present. ISBN 0-299-14250-7.
Marvin Harris. Good to Eat. ISBN 0-04-306002-1.

^ BBC News - China snake craze threatens crops. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ BBC - Holiday - Destinations - Vietnam. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ BBC NEWS - Rattlesnake round-up draws crowds. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ Queensland Government - Recipes and tips for cooking crocodile meat. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ KOORANA SALTWATER CROCODILE FARM, Central Queensland, Australia. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ BBC - Food. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ This is Travel - Sweden's greetings.. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ Rudoplh, the dried up reindeer. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ BBC News - Elephants 'killed as aphrodisiac'. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ WWF - African elephant programme. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ National Geographic News: Consuming Nature Pt1. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ National Geographic News: Consuming Nature Pt2. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ CNN - Growing demand for 'bushmeat' threatens great apes. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.
^ Ape Alliance - Bushmeat working group. Retrieved on 2006-09-06.

id="External_links"> 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... September 6 is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years). ...

Results from FactBites:

Taboo food and drink - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2708 words)
	Cultural taboos against certain forms of meat may be due to the species' standing as a common pet.
	Drinking blood is a strong social taboo in most countries often with a vague emotive association with vampirism, despite that being the consumption of human blood.
	An explanation for pork taboos given by some scholars is that some foods are prohibited so that humans will understand that they do not have the right to subjugate all of the Earth's animals and to remind them that they should not take lightly their obligation to steward all the Earth's species well.

Taboo - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (326 words)
	A taboo is a strong social prohibition (or ban) relating to any area of human activity or social custom declared as sacred and forbidden; breaking of the taboo is usually considered objectionable or abhorrent by society.
	When an activity or custom is classified as taboo it is forbidden and interdictions are implemented concerning the topic, such as the ground set apart as a sanctuary for criminals.
	No taboo is known to be universal, but some (such as the incest taboo) occur in the majority of societies.

More results at FactBites »

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