Taekkyeon, or Tekkyeon, is a traditional Korean martial art, probably stemming from Subak and Ssirum. It is uncertain when Subak was first practiced in Korea, but it may have existed many centuries ago. The first source mentioning Taekkyon is the book Manmulbo (also Jaemulbo), written around 1790 by Lee, Sung-Ji. ^[1] This article is about the Korean peninsula and civilization. ... Subak, (or Subakhi, Subak-chigi) is a Korean traditional martial art. ... Jamo redirects here. ... The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ... McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ... Jamo redirects here. ... The Revised Romanization of Korean is the official Korean language romanization system in South Korea. ... McCune-Reischauer romanization is one of the two most widely used Korean language romanization systems, along with the Revised Romanization of Korean, which replaced (a modified) McCune-Reischauer as the official romanization system in South Korea in 2000. ... Korean martial arts, referred to in Korean as Musul (무술 hanja: 武術) or Muye (무예 hanja:武藝), are the various martial arts that originated or were modified in Korea. ... This article refers to the martial art. ... Ssireum Ssireum (also called Sirum) is a traditional Korean sport and martial art also called Korean sumo wrestling in the West. ... This article is about the Korean peninsula and civilization. ...

Rise and fall

The traditional wrestling game of Korea is Ssirum. In it, the first to touch the ground with anything but the feet loses. Taekkyon adds only one rule to this: that the contestant loses also if kicked in the head. Signalling defeat from a kick was done by slapping the ground with the hands, signifying it as a technical fall. Who came up with the idea for this kicking rule, and why and when, are unknown, although the influence of the kicking motions of Chinese military arts adopted by the Korean military can be surmised. Taekkyon never seems to have been very widespread. By the late 19th Century we know of only one Taekkyon competition a year in all of Korea. Ssireum Ssireum (also called Sirum) is a traditional Korean sport and martial art also called Korean sumo wrestling in the West. ...

At the height of its popularity, even the king practiced Taekkyon, and Taekkyon matches were frequent. However, the next king outlawed Taekkyon matches, motivated by the gambling which took place around them - where people would gamble away their wives and houses - thus making it a purely military art. Subak split into two; yusul and Taekkyon ^[2], during the early Joseon dynasty. Joseon or Chosun (Korean: 조선; Hanja: 朝鮮; Revised: Joseon; McCune-Reischauer: Chosŏn; Chinese: Cháoxiǎn; Japanese: Chōsen) is a name for Korea, as used in the following cases: As part of the name of several ancient kingdoms (including Gojoseon, Gija Joseon, and Wiman Joseon); During most of the Joseon...

Taekkyon took a severe blow when Neo-Confucianism grew in popularity, and then the Japanese occupation damaged the art even more. Taekkyon has had a slight resurgence in recent days, getting the classification "Important Intangible Cultural Asset No. 76" on June 1, 1983. It is the only Korean martial art which possesses such a classification. Neo-Confucianism (Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is a form of Confucianism that was primarily developed during the Song Dynasty, but which can be traced back to Han Yu and Li Ao in the Tang Dynasty. ... is the 152nd day of the year (153rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays the 1983 Gregorian calendar). ...

Techniques

Taekkyon contains all kinds of techniques, including hand and leg techniques as well as joint locks, head butts and so on. However, today there are different styles which sometimes do not emphasise all techniques. In all styles, just like in past centuries, kicks are most dominant. Taekkyon probably teaches the greatest variety of kicks among all martial arts,^{[citation needed]} especially low kicks (ddanjuk) but also jumps.

Taekkyon movements are very fluid and dance-like with the practitioners constantly moving. Thus, it resembles Capoeira and Shaolin Kung Fu. While some people see a certain similarity to the motions of Taekwondo, the techniques and principles differ a lot from those of other Korean martial arts, for example, Taekkyon does not make use of abrupt knee motions. The principles and methods used to extend the kick put more emphasis on fluency and pushing rather than on speed and strength of the kick. Capoeira (IPA: ) is a Brazilian fight-dance, game, and martial art created by enslaved Africans during the 19th Century [1] Participants form a roda (circle) and take turns playing instruments, singing, and sparring in pairs in the centre of the circle. ... Ever since 1669, when Huang Zongxi first described Chinese martial arts in terms of a Shaolin or external school versus a Wudang or internal school,[1] Shaolin has been used as a synonym for external Chinese martial arts regardless of whether or not the particular style in question has any... Taekwondo (also, Tae Kwon Do, Taekwon-Do, or Tae Kwon-Do) is a martial art and combat sport originating in Korea. ...

Taekkyon uses many sweeps with straight forward low kicks using the ball of the foot and the heel and flowing crescent-like high kicks. There are many kicks that move the leg outward from the middle and inward from the outside using the side of the heels and the side of the feet. The art also used tricks like inward trips, wall-jumping, fake-outs, tempo, and slide-stepping. The art is also like a dance in which the fighter constantly changes his or her stance from his or her left to his or her right by stepping forward and backwards while his or her arms are up and ready to guard. This art requires traditional Korean white robes which were worn commonly in the past of Korea.

Low kicks, which are very frequent in Taekkyon, are normally used to disable an opponent's balance and knock him to the ground. These kicks include leg sweeps as well as direct blows to the knee. There are around 10 different basic techniques of this set of techniques called ttanjuk.

As a sport

When Taekkyon is practiced as a sport, it uses a limited subset of techniques, focusing on grappling and kicking only. Points are scored by throwing (or tripping) the opponent to the ground, pushing him out of the ring, or kicking him in the head. There are no hand strikes or headbutts, and purposefully injuring your opponent is prohibited. (The head kicks are often quite sharp, but usually not full force, and fighters may not attempt to wear the opponent down with body blows as in western boxing or muay thai). Matches are decided by the best of three falls -- the first fighter to score two points wins. To an untrained eye, the matches are cautious but exhilarating affairs. The contestants circle each other warily, changing their footwork constantly and feinting with low kicks, before exploding into a flurry of action which usually leaves one fighter flat on his/her back.

Modern development (since 1988)

In 1987, the most important man for the transmission of Taekkyon, Song Dok-Ki, died at the age of 94. Shortly afterwards, in the same year, Shin Han-Seung (who was most responsible for the registration of Taekkyon as an intangible cultural asset) also died. Since this time, several Taekkyon associations which follow different goals are active.

The only authentic and authorized Taekkyon associations are:

• The Korea Taekkyon Association (KTA)
• The Korea Traditional Taekgyeon Association (KTTA)
• The Kyulyun Taekyun Association (KTK)

As of 2007, all Taekkyon in Korea will be united under one organization. This effort was lead by several famous Taekkyon masters, including Grandmaster Lee Yong-Bok (head of the KTA).

References

See also

• List of Korea-related topics
• Korean martial arts

This is a list of Wikipedia articles on Korea-related people, places, things, and concepts. ... Korean martial arts, referred to in Korean as Musul (무술 hanja: 武術) or Muye (무예 hanja:武藝), are the various martial arts that originated or were modified in Korea. ...

External links

• Traditional Taekkyon association
• Kyulyun Taekkyun association
• Korean Taekkyon association
• The neutral German Taekkyon organisation (also in English), links to all Taekkyon associations
• The Martial Arts Resource
• The_Dojang Digest email forum on all Korean arts
• Taekkyon Korea
• Taekkyon History-Turtle Press
• Taekkyon Overview
• Song Duk Ki

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