NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Taiwan under Japanese rule

The Japanese colonial period, Japanese rule or the Japanese occupation^[1], in the context of Taiwan's history, refers to the period between 1895 and 1945 during which Taiwan was a Japanese colony. The Island Formosa and the Pescadores/ Johannes Vingboons/ ca. ... The Kingdom of Tungning or Dongning (æ±å¯§çŽ‹åœ‹; pinyin: DÅngnÃng WÃ¡ngguÃ³ ) was the first Han Chinese state to exist on Taiwan, between 1661 and 1683. ... Qing Dynasty ruled Taiwan from 1683 to 1895. ... The flag for the Republic of Formosa, 1895, depicting a tiger. ... The Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) succeeded the Qing Dynasty in 1912, ending 2,000 years of imperial rule. ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ...

The expansion into Taiwan was a part of Japan's general policy of southward expansion during the late 19th Century. Japanese rule in Taiwan was markedly different from in Korea. As Taiwan was Japan's first overseas colony, Japanese intentions were to turn the island into a showpiece "model colony".^[2] As a result, much effort was made to improve the island's economy, industry, public works, and culture. The relative failures of the early years of post-World War II rule by the Kuomintang ("KMT") led to a certain degree of nostalgia amongst the older generation of Taiwanese who experienced both. This has affected, to some degree, issues such as national identity, ethnic identity, and the Taiwan independence movement. The comparative lack of anti-Japanese sentiment amongst Taiwanese society has also led to misunderstandings with overseas Chinese communities and mainland Chinese. Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ... Korea under Japanese rule was the period of Japans de facto administrative control of Korea from 1910 to 1945. ... Look up Public works in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Culture (from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning to cultivate), generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ... Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33... The Chinese Nationalist Party (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung-kuo Kuo-min-tang), commonly known as the Kuomintang (KMT), is a centre-right political party in the Republic of China on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in terms of sitting Legislative... For publications of this name, see also Nation (disambiguation) A nation is a community of people who live together in an area (or, more broadly, of their descendants who may now be dispersed); and who regard themselves, or are regarded by others, as sharing some common identity, to which certain... An ethnic group is a human population whose members identify with each other, usually on the basis of a presumed common genealogy or ancestry (Smith 1986). ... Taiwan independence (台灣獨立, pinyin: Táiwān dúlì, Taiwanese Church Romanization: Tâi-oân To̍k-li̍p; abbreviated to 台獨, Táidú, Tâi-to̍k) is a political movement whose goal is — depending on ones interpretation... Anti-Japanese sentiment refers to the view of the Japanese people or of the Japanese nation with suspicion or hostility. ... Overseas Chinese are Chinese people who live outside China. ... The highlighted area in the map is what is commonly known as mainland China. Mainland China (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: is a geopolitical term which is usually synonymous with the area currently administered by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC); however, it excludes the two special administrative regions...

History

See also: History of Taiwan. This article discusses the history of Taiwan (including the Pescadores). ...

Background

Japan had sought to claim sovereignty over Taiwan (known in Japan as Takayama Koku) since 1592, when Toyotomi Hideyoshi undertook a policy of overseas expansion and extending Japanese influence southward.^[3] Several attempts to invade Taiwan were unsuccessful, mainly due to disease and armed resistance by aborigines on the island. In 1609, the Tokugawa Shogunate sent Haruno Arima on an exploratory mission of the island. In 1616, Murayama Toan led an unsuccessful invasion of the island. In 1871, an Okinawan vessel shipwrecked on the southern tip of Taiwan, and its crew of 54 were beheaded by the Paiwan aborigines. When Japan sought compensation from Qing China, the court rejected compensation on the grounds that parts of Taiwan were outside its jurisdiction. This led to Japan again testing the situation for colonizing the island. In 1874 Japan sent an expedition force of 3,000 troops to the island. The number of casualties for the Paiwan was about 30, and that for the Japanese was 543 (12 Japanese soldiers were killed in battle and 531 by disease). Events January 30 - The death of Pope Innocent IX during the previous year had left the Papal throne vacant. ... Portrait of Toyotomi Hideyoshi drawn in 1601 Toyotomi Hideyoshi (Shinjitai (modern Japanese) writing: ; KyÅ«jitai (historical) writing: è±è‡£ç§€å‰; born Hiyoshi-maru ; coming of age (Genpuku) as Kinoshita TÅkichirÅ and later made Hashiba and martial nobility in the style of Hashiba Chikuzen no Kami Hideyoshi ; 1536 - September 18, 1598), was a... // Events April 4 â€“ King of Spain signs an edit of expulsion of all moriscos from Spain April 9 â€“ Spain recognizes Dutch independence May 23 - Official ratification of the Second Charter of Virginia. ... The Tokugawa shogunate or Tokugawa bakufu (å¾³å·å¹•åºœ) (also known as the Edo bakufu) was a feudal military dictatorship of Japan established in 1603 by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family until 1868. ... == {| align=right cellpadding=3 id=toc style=margin-left: 15px; |- | align=center colspan=2 | Years: 1613 1614 1615 - 1616 - 1617 1618 1619 |- | align=center colspan=2 | Decades: 1580s 1590s 1600s - 1610s - 1620s 1630s 1640s |- tall> 16th century - 17th century - 18th century |} randomised 1616 was a leap year starting on Friday... 1871 (MDCCCLXXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the prefecture. ... Slabstone House by Paiwan ca. ... 1874 (MDCCCLXXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Cession of Taiwan (1895)

By the 1890s, about 45 percent of Taiwan was administered under standard Chinese administration while the remaining lightly populated regions of the interior were under aboriginal control. The First Sino-Japanese War broke out between Qing Dynasty China and Japan in 1894 following a dispute over the sovereignty of Korea. Following its defeat, China ceded the islands of Taiwan and Penghu to Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki, signed on April 17, 1895. According to the terms of the treaty, Taiwan, Penghu, and regions between 119˚E-120˚E and 13˚E-14˚N were to be ceded to Japan in perpetuity. Both governments were to send representatives to Taiwan immediately after signing to begin the transition process, which was to be completed in no more than two months. Because Taiwan was ceded by treaty, the period that followed is referred to by some as the "colonial period", while others who focus on the fact that it was the culmination of a war prefer to refer to it as the "occupation period". Image File history File links Japanese_Soldier_Entering_Taipei(1895). ... Image File history File links Japanese_Soldier_Entering_Taipei(1895). ... The 1890s were sometimes referred to as the Mauve Decade, because William Henry Perkins aniline dye allowed the widespread use of that colour in fashion, and also as the Gay Nineties, under the then-current usage of the word gay which referred simply to merriment and frivolity, with no... A Rukai village Chief visiting the Department of Anthropology in Tokyo Imperial University during the Japanese rule. ... Combatants Qing Empire (China) Empire of Japan Commanders Li Hongzhang Yamagata Aritomo Strength 630,000 men Beiyang Army, Beiyang Fleet 240,000 men Imperial Japanese Army, Imperial Japanese Navy Casualties 35,000 dead or wounded 13,823 dead, 3,973 wounded The First Sinoâ€“Japanese War (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Japanese... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: QÄ«ng chÃ¡o; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China and the surrounding territories, establishing the Empire... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Korea (Korean: í•œêµ or ì¡°ì„ , see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... The Pescadores Islands (Chinese: 澎湖群島; Wade-Giles: Peng-hu; Pinyin: Pénghú, from Portuguese, fishermen) are an archipelago in the Taiwan Strait. ... The ShunpanrÅ hall where the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed The Treaty of Shimonoseki (Japanese: ä¸‹é–¢æ¡ç´„, Shimonoseki JÅyaku), known as the Treaty of Maguan (T. Chinese: é¦¬é—œæ¢ç´„, S. Chinese: é©¬å…³æ¡çº¦;) in China, was signed at the ShunpanrÅ hall on April 17, 1895 between the Empire of Japan and the Qing Empire. ... April 17 is the 107th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (108th in leap years). ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Though the terms dictated by Japan were harsh, it is reported that Qing China's leading statesman Li Hongzhang sought infamously to assuage Empress Dowager Cixi with: "birds do not sing and flowers are not fragrant on the island of Taiwan. The men and women are inofficious and are not passionate either."^[4] The loss of Taiwan would become a rallying point for the Chinese nationalist movement in the years that followed. Arriving in Taiwan, the new Japanese colonial government gave inhabitants two years to choose whether to accept their new status as Japanese subjects, or leave Taiwan.^[5] Li Hongzhang (February 15, 1823 â€“ November 7, 1901) was a Chinese general who ended several major rebellions, and a leading statesman of the late Qing Empire. ... Empress Dowager Cixi (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Tzu-Hsi Huang Tai-hou) (November 29, 1835 â€“ November 15, 1908), popularly known in China as the West Empress Dowager (Chinese: è¥¿å¤ªåŽ), was from the Manchu Yehenara Clan. ...

Early years (1895-1915)

The "early years" of Japanese administration on Taiwan typically refers to the period between the Japanese forces' first landing in May 1895 and the Tapani incident of 1915, which marked the high point of armed resistance. During this period, popular resistance to Japanese rule was high, and the world questioned whether a non-Western nation such as Japan could effectively govern a colony of its own. An 1897 session of the Japanese Diet debated whether to sell Taiwan to France. During these years, the post of Governor-General of Taiwan was held by a military general, as the emphasis was on suppression of the insurgency. Image File history File links Houteng_Xinping. ... Image File history File links Houteng_Xinping. ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The National Diet of Japan (国会; Kokkai) is Japans legislature. ...

In 1898, the Meiji government of Japan appointed Count Kodama Gentarō as the fourth Governor-General, with the talented civilian politician Gotō Shimpei as his Chief of Home Affairs, establishing the carrot and stick approach towards governance that would continue for several years.^[5] This marked the beginning of a colonial government (formally known as the Office of the Governor-General, or OGG) dominated by Japanese, but subject to Japanese law. 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Emperor Mutsuhito Mutsuhito or Mitsuhito (睦仁), the Meiji Emperor (明治天皇, literally wise ruling heaven emperor) (3 November 1852–30 July 1912) was the 122nd Emperor of Japan. ... Gentaro Kodama ) (16 March 1852 â€“ 23 July 1906) was a Japanese general and government minister of the Meiji period. ... Count Shimpei Goto, 1857-1929 Count Shimpei Goto, 1857-1929 was a famous statesman of the Meiji and Taisho periods. ... Carrot and stick is a term (idiom) used to refer to the act of simultaneously rewarding good behaviour while punishing bad behaviour. ...

The Japanese approaches to colonial Taiwan could be roughly divided into two views. The first, supported by Gotō, held that from a biological perspective, the natives could not be completely assimilated. Thus, Japan would have to follow the British approach, and Taiwan would never be governed exactly the same way as the Home Islands, but would be governed under a whole new set of laws. The opposing viewpoint was held by future Prime Minister Hara Takashi, who believed that the Taiwanese and Koreans were similar enough to the Japanese to be fully absorbed into Japanese society, and was thus in favor of using the same legal and governmental approaches on the colonies as those used in the Home Islands. The Home Islands refers to the four main islands of Japan: Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, and Hokkaido. ... The Prime Minister of Japan (å†…é–£ç·ç†å¤§è‡£ Naikaku sÅri daijin) is the usual English-language term used for the head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime Minister of the Cabinet. ... Hara Takashi Hara Takashi (åŽŸæ•¬ February 9, 1856â€“November 4, 1921) was a Japanese politician and the 19th Prime Minister of Japan from September 29, 1918 to November 4, 1921. ...

Colonial policy towards Taiwan mostly followed the approach championed by Gotō during his tenure as Chief of Home Affairs between 1896 and 1918. During this period, the colonial government was authorized to pass special laws and edicts, while wielding complete executive, legislative, and military power. With this absolute power, the colonial government moved to maintain social stability, while suppressing dissent. Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... Year 1918 (MCMXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ...

Dōka: "Integration" (1915-1937)

The second period of Japanese rule is generally classified as being between the end of the 1915 Tapani Incident, and the Marco Polo Bridge Incident of 1937, which began Japan's involvement in what would become World War II. World events during this period, such as World War I, would drastically alter the perception of colonialism in the Western world, and give rise to growing waves of nationalism amongst colonial natives, as well as the ideas of self determination. As a result, colonial governments throughout the world began to make greater concessions to natives, and colonial governance was gradually liberalized. Download high resolution version (1516x1816, 636 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Download high resolution version (1516x1816, 636 KB) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Lukouchiao Incident. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33... Combatants Allied Powers: Russian Empire France British Empire Italy United States Central Powers: Austria-Hungary German Empire Ottoman Empire Bulgaria Commanders Nicholas II Aleksei Brusilov Georges Clemenceau Joseph Joffre Ferdinand Foch Herbert Henry Asquith Douglas Haig John Jellicoe Victor Emmanuel III Luigi Cadorna Armando Diaz Woodrow Wilson John Pershing Franz... Pith helmet of the Second French Empire. ... EugÃ¨ne Delacroixs Liberty Leading the People, symbolising French nationalism during the July Revolution. ... Self-determination or the right to self-determination is a theoretical principle that a people ought to be able to determine their own governmental forms and structures. ...

The political climate in Japan was also undergoing changes during this time. In the mid-1910s the Japanese government had gradually democratized in what is known as the Taishō period, where power was concentrated in the elected Diet. In 1919, Den Kenjirō was appointed to be the first civilian Governor-General of Taiwan. Prior to his departure for Taiwan, he conferred with Prime Minister Hara Takashi, where both men agreed to pursue a policy of "Dōka" (同化, Tónghùa in Hanyu Pinyin, literally "assimilation"), where Taiwan would be viewed as an extension of the Home Islands, and the Taiwanese would be educated to understand their role and responsibilities as Japanese subjects. The new policy was formally announced in October 1919. // Events and trends The 1910s represent the culmination of European militarism which had its beginnings during the second half of the 19th Century. ... The TaishÅ period (Japanese: å¤§æ£æ™‚ä»£, TaishÅ-jidai, period of great righteousness) is a period in the history of Japan dating from 30 July 1912 to 25 December 1926. ... The National Diet of Japan (国会; Kokkai) is Japans legislature. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Den Kenjiro (ç”°å¥æ²»éƒŽ, 1855â€“1930) was the 8th Governor-General of Taiwan from October 29, 1919 to September 1923, and the first civilian to hold that position. ... Hara Takashi Hara Takashi (åŽŸæ•¬ February 9, 1856â€“November 4, 1921) was a Japanese politician and the 19th Prime Minister of Japan from September 29, 1918 to November 4, 1921. ... Pinyin (拼音, Pīnyīn) literally means join (together) sounds (a less literal translation being phoneticize, spell or transcription) in Chinese and usually refers to Hànyǔ Pīnyīn (汉语拼音, literal meaning: Han language pinyin), which is a system of... Look up October in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

This policy was continued by the Colonial Government for the next 20 years. In the process, local governance was instituted, as well as an elected advisory committee which included locals (though strictly in an advisory capacity), and the establishment of a public school system. Caning was forbidden as a criminal punishment, and the use of the Japanese language was rewarded. This contrasted sharply with the mostly hands off approach taken by previous administrations towards local affairs, where the only government concerns were "railways, vaccinations, and running water". Rattan cane Caning is a physical punishment (see that article for generalities and alternatives) consisting of a beating with a cane, generally applied on the bare or clad buttocks (see spanking), shoulders, hand(s) (palm, rarely knuckles) or even the soles of the feet (see falaka). ... Japanese (, ) is a language spoken by over 130 million people, mainly in Japan, but also by Japanese emigrant communities around the world. ... Vaccination is a term coined by Edward Jenner for the process of administering a weakened form of a disease to patients as a means of giving them immunity to a more serious form of the disease. ... A water tap In most developed nations water is piped to homes, and is available on tap. ...

Kōminka: "Subjects of the Emperor" (1937-1945)

The final period of Japanese rule in Taiwan began with the eruption of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937 and ended along with the Second World War in 1945. With the rise of militarism in Japan in the mid to late 1930s, the office of Governor-General was again held by military officers, and Japan sought to utilize resources and material from Taiwan for use in the war effort. To this end, the cooperation of the Taiwanese would be essential, and the Taiwanese would have to be fully assimilated as members of Japanese society. As a result, earlier social movements were banned and the Colonial Government devoted its full efforts to the "Kōminka movement" (皇民化運動, kōminka undō), aimed at fully Japanizing Taiwanese society.^[5] Between 1936 and 1940, the Kōminka movement sought to build "Japanese spirit" (大和魂, Yamato damashī) and Japanese identity amongst the populace, while the later years from 1941 to 1945 focused on encouraging Taiwanese to participate in the war effort. Image File history File links 01123. ... Image File history File links 01123. ... Taiwan Jinja (Japanese: å°æ¹¾ç¥žå®® (ãŸã„ã‚ã‚“ã˜ã‚“ãã†), Romaji: Taiwan jinguu, Traditional Chinese: è‡ºç£ç¥žç¤¾, Simplified Chinese: å°æ¹¾ç¥žç¤¾ï¼Œ Pinyin: TÃ¡iwÄn shÃ©nshÃ¨) was a Japanese Shinto shrine built in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period in 1901 (Meiji 34th year) atop Jiantan Mountain (also called Yuanshan Mountain) in nearby Jiantan in Taipei City. ... Combatants Republic of China Empire of Japan Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Chen Cheng, Yan Xishan, Feng Yuxiang, Li Zongren, Xue Yue, Mao Zedong. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Mushroom cloud from the nuclear explosion over Nagasaki rising 18 km into the air. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Japanese militarism (æ—¥æœ¬è»å›½ä¸»ç¾©) refers to militarism, the philosophical belief that military personnel (army or navy) should exercise full power in a nation. ... The 1930s (years from 1930-1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ... 1936 (MCMXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ...

As part of the movement, the Colonial Government began to strongly encourage locals to speak the Japanese language, wear Japanese clothing, live in Japanese-style houses, and convert to Shintoism. In 1940, laws were also passed advocating the adoption of Japanese names. With the expansion of the Pacific War, the government also began encouraging Taiwanese to volunteer for the Imperial Japanese Army and Navy in 1942, and finally ordered a full scale draft in 1945. Japanese (, ) is a language spoken by over 130 million people, mainly in Japan, but also by Japanese emigrant communities around the world. ... This article is about traditional clothing in Japan. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Combatants Republic of China U.S.A. (from 1941) U.K. (from 1941) Australia (1941) Netherlands (1941) New Zealand (1941) Canada (1941) U.S.S.R. (from 1945) Empire of Japan Commanders Chiang Kai-shek, Franklin D. Roosevelt, Winston Churchill, Josef Stalin (from 1945) Hideki Tojo The Pacific War was... The Imperial Japanese Army (: å¤§æ—¥æœ¬å¸åœ‹é™¸è» Shinjitai: å¤§æ—¥æœ¬å¸å›½é™¸è» Dai-Nippon Teikoku Rikugun) was the official ground based armed force of Japan from 1867 to 1945 when it was Imperial Japan. ... The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) (: å¤§æ—¥æœ¬å¸åœ‹æµ·è» Shinjitai: å¤§æ—¥æœ¬å¸å›½æµ·è» or æ—¥æœ¬æµ·è» Nippon Kaigun), officially Navy of Empire of Greater Japan, also known as the Japanese Navy or Combined Fleet was the Navy of Empire of Japan from 1869 until 1947, when it was dissolved following Japans constitutional renunciation of the use of force... Year 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ...

As a result of the war, Taiwan suffered many losses including Taiwanese youths killed while serving in the Japanese armed forces, as well as severe economic repercussions from Allied bombing raids. By the end of the war in 1945, industrial and agricultural output had dropped far below prewar levels, with agricultural output 49% of 1937 levels and industrial output down by 33%. Coal production dropped from 200,000 metric tons to 15,000 metric tons, and electricity production fell from 320 kilowatts to 30 kilowatts.^[6] Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The Office of the Governor-General

As the highest colonial authority in Taiwan during the period of Japanese rule, the Office of the Governor-General (OGG) of Taiwan was headed by a Governor-General of Taiwan appointed by Tokyo. Power was highly centralized with the Governor-General wielding surpreme executive, legislative, and judicial power, effectively making the government a dictatorship.^[5] Image File history File links 203. ... Image File history File links 203. ... Taiwan Governor-Generals Office in 1937 during Japanese rule. ... The position of Governor-General of Taiwan existed when Taiwan and the Pescadores were part of the Empire of Japan, from 1895 to 1945. ... , literally Eastern capital) is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, the home of the Japanese Imperial Family, and the de facto[1] capital of Japan. ...

Development

In its earliest incarnation, the OGG was comprised of three bureaus: Home Affairs, Army, and Navy. The Home Affairs Bureau was further comprised of four offices: Internal Affairs, Agriculture, Finance, and Education. The Army and Navy bureaus were merged to form a single Military Affairs Bureau in 1896. Following reforms in 1898, 1901, and 1919 the Home Affairs Bureau gained three more offices: General Affairs, Judicial, and Communications. This configuration would continue until the end of colonial rule. Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ...

Governors-General

See also: Governor-General of Taiwan. The position of Governor-General of Taiwan existed when Taiwan and the Pescadores were part of the Empire of Japan, from 1895 to 1945. ...

Throughout the period of Japanese rule, the OGG remained the de facto central authority in Taiwan. Formulation and development of governmental policy was primarily the role of the central or local bureaucracy. Image File history File links 01174. ... Image File history File links 01174. ...

In the 50 years of Japanese rule from 1895 to 1945, Tokyo dispatched nineteen Governors-General to Taiwan. On average, a Governor-General served about 2.5 years. The entire colonial period can be further divided into three periods based on the background of the Governor-General: the Early Military period, the Civilian period, and the Later Military period. 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ...

Governors-General from the Early Military period included Kabayama Sukenori, Katsura Tarō, Nogi Maresuke, Kodama Gentarō, Sakuma Samata, Ando Sadami, and Akashi Motojiro. Two of the pre-1919 Governors-General, Nogi Maresuke and Kodama Gentarō, would become famous in the Russo-Japanese War. Andō Sadami and Akashi Motojirō are generally acknowledged to have done the most for Taiwanese interests during their tenures, with Akashi Motojirō actually requesting in his will that he be buried in Taiwan. Sukenori Kabayama ) (9 December 1837 - 8 February 1922) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), and later became the first Japanese Governor-General of Taiwan during the islands period as a Japanese colony. ... TarÅ Katsura ) (4 January 1848 - 10 October 1913), was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, politician and three-time Prime Minister of Japan. ... General Maresuke Nogi (ä¹ƒæœ¨å¸Œå…¸ Nogi Maresuke, December 25, 1849 - September 13, 1912) was a Japanese army general, and a prominent figure in the Russo-Japanese War. ... Gentaro Kodama ) (16 March 1852 â€“ 23 July 1906) was a Japanese general and government minister of the Meiji period. ... Samata Sakuma ) ( 19 November 1844 - 5 August 1915) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army, and 5th Governor-General of Taiwan from 11 April 1906 to May 1915. ... Baron Ando Sadami ); (20 October 1853 - 29 August 1932) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and 6th Governor-General of Taiwan from 30 April 1915 to June 1918. ... Motojiro Akashi ) (1 September 1864 - 26 October 1919) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and the 7th Governor-General of Taiwan from 6 June 1918 to 26 October 1919. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Combatants Imperial Russia Empire of Japan Commanders N/A N/A Strength 500,000 Soldiers 400,000 Soldiers Casualties 134,817+ KIA/POW, 170,000 MIA etc. ...

The Civilian period occurred at roughly the same time as the Taisho democracy in Japan, Governors-General from this period were mostly nominated by the Japanese Diet and included Den Kenjirō, Uchida Kakichi, Izawa Takio, Kamiyama Mitsunoshin, Kawamura Takeji, Ishizuka Eizō, Ōta Masahiro, Minami Hiroshi, and Nakagawa Kenzō. During their tenures, the OGG devoted most of its resources to economic and social development rather than military suppression. History of Japan Paleolithic Jomon Yayoi Yamato period ---Kofun period ---Asuka period Nara period Heian period Kamakura period Muromachi period Azuchi-Momoyama period ---Nanban period Edo period Meiji period Taisho period Showa period ---Japanese expansionism ---Occupied Japan ---Post-Occupation Japan Heisei The Taisho period (大正 Taishō, lit. ... The National Diet of Japan (国会; Kokkai) is Japans legislature. ... Den Kenjiro (ç”°å¥æ²»éƒŽ, 1855â€“1930) was the 8th Governor-General of Taiwan from October 29, 1919 to September 1923, and the first civilian to hold that position. ... Uchida Kakichi (å…§ç”°å˜‰å‰, 1866 - 1933) was the 9th Governor-General of Taiwan from September 6, 1923 to September 1924. ... Takio Izawa (ä¼Šæ¾¤ å¤šå–œç”· Izawa Takio, 1869 - 1949) was a Japanese politician of the early 20th Century. ...

The Governors-General of the Later Military period focused primarily on supporting the Japanese war effort and included Kobayashi Seizo, Hasegawa Kiyoshi, and Ando Rikichi.

The Chief of Home Affairs

Formally known as the Director of the Home Affairs Bureau, the Chief of Home Affairs (總務長官) was the primary executor of colonial policy in Taiwan, and the second most powerful individual in the OGG.

Administrative divisions

See also: Political divisions of Taiwan (1895-1945). Taiwan was under Japanese rule after the Sino-Japanese War, in 1895. ...

Besides the Governor-General and the Chief of Home Affairs, the OGG was comprised of a strictly hierarchical bureaucracy including departments of law enforcement, agriculture, finance, education, mining, external affairs, and judicial affairs. Other governmental bodies included courts, corrections, orphanages, police academies, transportation, port authority, monopoly bureau, schools of all levels, an agricultural and forestry research station, and the Taihoku Imperial University (National Taiwan University today). Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... National Taiwan University (NTU, 國立臺灣大學, Hō-ló-oē: Kok-lip Tai-oan Tai-hak, Tongyong Pinyin: GuóLì TáiWan DàSyué, Hanyu Pinyin: Guólì táiwān dàxué, Wade-Giles: Kuo2-li4 tai2-wan1 ta4-hsüeh2) is... National Taiwan University (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kuo2-li4 tai2-wan1 ta4-hsÃ¼eh2; POJ: Kok-liÌp TÃ¢i-Ã´an TÄi-haÌk; abbreviation NTU) is a national university in Taipei, Taiwan. ...

Administratively, Taiwan was divided into prefectures for local governance. In 1926, the prefectures were: Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... The term prefecture has been used to denote a self-governing body or area since the time of Constantine I, who divided the Roman Empire into 4 districts (each divided into dioceses). ...

Japanese writing Kanji æ¼¢å— Kana ä»®å Hiragana å¹³ä»®å Katakana ç‰‡ä»®å Uses Furigana æŒ¯ã‚Šä»®å Okurigana é€ã‚Šä»®å RÅmaji ãƒãƒ¼ãƒžå— Category RÅmaji (ãƒãƒ¼ãƒžå— Roman characters, sometimes misunderstood as romanji in English), is a Japanese term for the Latin alphabet. ... Japanese writing Kanji Kana Hiragana Katakana Hentaigana ManyÅgana Uses Furigana Okurigana RÅmaji Kanji (Japanese: ) are the Chinese characters that are used in the modern Japanese logographic writing system along with hiragana (å¹³ä»®å), katakana (ç‰‡ä»®å), and the Arabic numerals. ... Taihoku Prefecture (å°åŒ—å·ž, Japanese: TaihokushÃ») was created in 1920. ...

Armed resistance

Most armed resistance against Japanese rule occurred during the first 20 years of colonial rule. This period of resistance is usually divided into three stages: the defense of the Republic of Formosa; guerilla warfare following the collapse of the Republic; and a final stage between the Beipu Uprising of 1907, and the Tapani Incident of 1915. Afterwards, armed resistance was mostly replaced by peaceful forms of cultural and political activism, with the notable exception of the Wushe Incident. The flag for the Republic of Formosa, 1895, depicting a tiger. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Wushe Incident (Japanese: 霧社事件 Musha Jiken) was the biggest and the last rebellion against Japanese colonial forces in Taiwan, resulting in the massacre of the Taiwanese aborigine group, Atayal in 1930. ...

The Republic of Formosa

See also: Republic of Formosa. The flag for the Republic of Formosa, 1895, depicting a tiger. ...

The decision by the Qing Chinese government to cede Taiwan to Japan with the Treaty of Shimonoseki caused a massive uproar in Taiwan. On May 25, 1895, a group of pro-Qing officials and local gentry declared independence from China, proclaiming a new Republic of Formosa with the goal of keeping Taiwan under Qing rule, choosing then Qing governor Tang Ching-sung as their reluctant president. Japanese forces landed Keelung on May 29, taking the city on June 3. President Tang and his Vice-President Chiu Feng-jia fled the island for mainland China the following day. In late June, remaining supporters of the new Republic gathered in Tainan, selecting Liu Yung-fu as the second president. After skirmishes between Japanese and Republic forces, the Japanese took Tainan in late October. Shortly afterwards, President Liu fled Taiwan for mainland China bringing the 184 day history of the Republic to a close. Image File history File links ImageRepublic_of_Formosa_1895_flag. ... Image File history File links ImageRepublic_of_Formosa_1895_flag. ... The ShunpanrÅ hall where the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed The Treaty of Shimonoseki (Japanese: ä¸‹é–¢æ¡ç´„, Shimonoseki JÅyaku), known as the Treaty of Maguan (T. Chinese: é¦¬é—œæ¢ç´„, S. Chinese: é©¬å…³æ¡çº¦;) in China, was signed at the ShunpanrÅ hall on April 17, 1895 between the Empire of Japan and the Qing Empire. ... May 25 is the 145th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (146th in leap years). ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The flag for the Republic of Formosa, 1895, depicting a tiger. ... Tang Ching-sung (Chinese: å”æ™¯å´§; pinyin: TÃ¡ng JÇngsÅng) (1841-1903)ï¼Œwas the first President of the Republic of Formosa. ... Combatants Republic of Formosa Empire of Japan Commanders Tang Ching-sung Liu Yung-fu Chiu Feng-chia Kabayama Sukenori Strength Regular: 35,000 Militia: ~100,000 Regular: 37,000 Auxiliary: ? Casualties Killed: 14,000 Wounded: ? Killed: 164 Wounded: 515 Diseased: 4,700 *The majority of the Formosan regular were Chinese... Keelung City (Traditional Chinese: åŸºéš†; Hanyu Pinyin: JÄ«lÃ³ng; Tongyong Pinyin: JilÃ³ng; Wade-Giles: Chi-lung; POJ: Ke-lÃ¢ng) is a provincial city of Taiwan, Republic of China. ... May 29 is the 149th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (150th in leap years). ... June 3 is the 154th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (155th in leap years), with 211 days remaining. ... Tainan is the name of a city and a county in southwestern Taiwan. ... Liu Yung-fu (Chinese: åŠ‰æ°¸ç¦; pinyin: LiÃº YÇ’ngfÃº;; Vietnamese: Luu Vinh Phuoc) was the second and last President of the Republic of Formosa from June 5, 1895 to October 21, 1895. ... Tainan is the name of a city and a county in southwestern Taiwan. ...

Guerrillas

Following the collapse of the Republic of Formosa, Japanese Governor-General Kabayama Sukenori reported to Tokyo that "the island is secured", and proceeded to begin the task of administration. However, in December a series of anti-Japanese uprisings occurred in northern Taiwan, and would continue to occur at a rate of roughly one per month. By 1902, however, most anti-Japanese activity amongst the ethnic Chinese population had died down. Along the way, 14,000 Taiwanese, or 0.5% of the population had been killed.^[7] Taiwan would remain relatively calm until the Beipu Uprising in 1907. The reason for the five years of calm is generally attributed to the OGG's dual policy of active suppression and public works. Under this carrot and stick approach, most locals chose to watch and wait. Sukenori Kabayama ) (9 December 1837 - 8 February 1922) was a general in the Imperial Japanese Army and an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN), and later became the first Japanese Governor-General of Taiwan during the islands period as a Japanese colony. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

Tapani Incident

The third and final stage of armed resistance began with the Beipu Uprising in 1907. Between this and the 1915 Tapani Incident, there were thirteen smaller armed uprisings. In many cases, conspirators were discovered and arrested before planned uprisings could even take place. Of the thirteen uprisings, eleven occurred after the 1911 Revolution in China, to which four were directly linked. Conspirators in four of the uprisings demanded reunification with China, while conspirators in six planned to install themselves as independent rulers of Taiwan, and conspirators in one could not decide which goal to pursue. The objectives of the conspirators in the remaining two are unclear. It has been speculated the increase in uprisings demanding independence rather than reunification was the result of the collapse of the Qing Dynasty government in China, depriving locals of the figure or government with which they were originally accustomed to identifying.^[8] Image File history File links Xilaian_Incident. ... Image File history File links Xilaian_Incident. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The Xinhai Revolution (or Hsinhai Revolution, Chinese: 辛亥革命; pinyin: Xīnh ng), named for the Chinese year of Xinhai (1911), was the overthrow (October 10, 1911-February 12, 1912) of Chinas ruling Qing Dynasty and the establishment of the Republic of China. ... The Qing Dynasty (Manchu: daicing gurun; Chinese: 清朝; pinyin: qīng ch o; Wade-Giles: ching chao), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China expanded into China proper and the surrounding territories of...

Wushe Incident

See also: Wushe Incident. The Wushe Incident (Japanese: 霧社事件 Musha Jiken) was the biggest and the last rebellion against Japanese colonial forces in Taiwan, resulting in the massacre of the Taiwanese aborigine group, Atayal in 1930. ...

Perhaps the most famous of all of the anti-Japanese uprisings is the Wushe Incident, which occurred in the mostly aboriginal region of Musha (霧社, Pinyin:Wushe) in Taichū Prefecture (located in modern day Nantou County). On October 27, 1930, following escalation of an incident in which a Japanese police officer insulted a tribesman, over 300 Atayal aborigines under Chief Mono Rudao attacked Japanese residents in the area. In the ensuing violence, 134 Japanese nationals and two ethnic Han Taiwanese were killed, and 215 Japanese nationals injured. Many of the victims were attending an athletic festival at Musyaji Elementary School. In response, the OGG ordered a military crackdown. In the two months that followed, most of the insurgents were either killed or committed suicide, along with their family members or fellow tribesmen. Several members of the government resigned over the incident, which proved to be the most violent of the uprisings during Japanese rule. The Wushe Incident (Japanese: 霧社事件 Musha Jiken) was the biggest and the last rebellion against Japanese colonial forces in Taiwan, resulting in the massacre of the Taiwanese aborigine group, Atayal in 1930. ... Hehuanshan is one of the higher mountains in Nantou County. ... October 27 is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 65 days remaining. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... A woman with a child of Atayal using a machine to make clothes, 1900 Traditional aboriginal designs are often found on modern buildings in Taiwan in places where aborigines traditionally live. ... A Rukai village Chief visiting the Department of Anthropology in Tokyo Imperial University during the Japanese rule. ...

Economic and educational development

One of the most notable features of Japanese rule in Taiwan was the "top-down" nature of social change. While local activism certainly played a role, most of the social, economic, and cultural changes during this period were driven by technocrats in the colonial government. With the OGG as the primary driving force, as well as new immigrants from the Japanese Home Islands, Taiwanese society was sharply divided between the rulers and the ruled. Image File history File links TaiwanShow1935-2. ... Image File history File links TaiwanShow1935-2. ... Technocracy (techno for technology and cracy for power) is an organizational system in which decision makers and political leaders are selected on the basis of technological knowledge â€”often because of some conflict or competition where technological escalation is a constant feature. ... The Home Islands refers to the four main islands of Japan: Honshu, Kyushu, Shikoku, and Hokkaido. ...

Under the constant control of the colonial government, aside from a few small incidents during the earlier years of Japanese rule, Taiwanese society was mostly very stable. While the tactics of repression used by the OGG were often very heavy handed, locals who cooperated with the economic and educational policies of the Governor-General saw a significant improvement in their standard of living. As a result, the population and living standards of Taiwan during the 50 years of Japanese rule displayed significant growth.

Economic

Taiwan's economy during Japanese rule was for the most part, a standard colonial economy. Namely, the human and natural resources of Taiwan were used to aid the development of Japan, a policy which began under Governor-General Kodama and reached its peak in 1943, in the middle of World War II. From 1900 - 1920, Taiwan's economy was dominated by the sugar industry, while from 1920 - 1930, rice was the primary export. During these two periods, the primary economic policy of the OGG was "industry for Japan, agriculture for Taiwan". After 1930, due to war needs the OGG began to pursue a policy of industrialization. ^[5] 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, but a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Magnification of typical sugar showing monoclinic hemihedral crystalline structure. ... Year 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... Species Oryza glaberrima Oryza sativa Rice is two species of grass (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) native to tropical and subtropical southern & southeastern Asia and in Africa. ... Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ...

Although the main focus of each of these periods differed, the primary goal throughout the entire time was increasing Taiwan's productivity to satisfy demand within Japan, a goal which was successfully achieved. As part of this process, new ideas, concepts, and values were introduced to the Taiwanese; also, several public works projects, such as railways, public education, and telecommunications, were implemented. As the economy grew, society stabilized, politics was gradually liberalized, and popular support for the colonial government began to increase. Taiwan thus served as a showcase for Japan's propaganda on the colonial efforts throughout Asia, as displayed during the 1935 Taiwan Exposition. 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Fiscal

Shortly after the cession of Taiwan to Japanese rule in September 1895, an Osaka bank opened a small office in Keelung. By June of the following year the Governor-General had granted permission for the bank to establish the first Western-style banking system in Taiwan. File links The following pages link to this file: History of Taiwan Bank of Taiwan Categories: Chinese public domain photographs ... File links The following pages link to this file: History of Taiwan Bank of Taiwan Categories: Chinese public domain photographs ... For other uses, see Osaka (disambiguation). ... Banker redirects here; see wiktionary:banker for more meanings. ... Keelung City (Traditional Chinese: åŸºéš†; Hanyu Pinyin: JÄ«lÃ³ng; Tongyong Pinyin: JilÃ³ng; Wade-Giles: Chi-lung; POJ: Ke-lÃ¢ng) is a provincial city of Taiwan, Republic of China. ...

In March 1897, the Japanese Diet passed the "Taiwan Bank Act", establishing the Bank of Taiwan, which began operations in 1899. In addition to normal banking duties, the Bank would also be responsible for minting the currency used in Taiwan throughout Japanese rule. The National Diet of Japan (国会; Kokkai) is Japans legislature. ... Bank of Taiwan established in 1897 headquatered in Taipei. ... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...

To maintain fiscal stability, the OGG proceeded to charter several other banks, credit unions, and other financial organizations which helped to keep inflation in check. A credit union is a co-operative financial institution that is owned, controlled and administered by its members. ...

Compulsory education

As part of the colonial government's overall goal of keeping the anti-Japanese movement in check, public education became an important mechanism for facilitating both control and intercultural dialogue. While secondary education institutions were restricted mostly to Japanese nationals, the impact of compulsory primary education on Taiwanese was immense. // Public education is education mandated for the children of the general public by the government, whether national, regional, or local, provided by an institution of civil government, and paid for, in whole or in part, by taxes. ... Secondary education - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... A large elementary school in Magome, Japan. ...

On July 14, 1895, Isawa Shuuji was appointed as the first Education Minister, and proposed that the OGG implement a policy of compulsory primary education for children (a policy that had not even been implemented in Japan at the time). The OGG established the first Western-style primary school in Taipei (the modern day Shilin Elementary School) as an experiment. Satisfied with the results, the government ordered the establishment of fourteen language schools in 1896, which were later upgraded to become public schools. During this period, schools were segregated by ethnicity. Kōgakkō (公學校, Public Schools) were established for Taiwanese children, while shōgakkō (小學校, Elementary Schools) were restricted to the children of Japanese nationals. Schools for aborigines were also established in aboriginal areas. Criteria were established for teacher selection, and several teacher training schools such as Taihoku Normal School were founded. Secondary and post-secondary educational institutions, such as Taihoku Imperial University were also established, but access was restricted primarily to Japanese nationals. The emphasis for locals was placed on vocational education, to help increase productivity. July 14 is the 195th day (196th in leap years) of the year in the Gregorian Calendar, with 170 days remaining. ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1896 (MDCCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar). ... National Taiwan Normal University (åœ‹ç«‹å°ç£å¸«ç¯„å¤§å¸) is a large university in downtown Taipei. ... ... National Taiwan University (NTU, 國立臺灣大學, Hō-ló-oē: Kok-lip Tai-oan Tai-hak, Tongyong Pinyin: GuóLì TáiWan DàSyué, Hanyu Pinyin: Guólì táiwān dàxué, Wade-Giles: Kuo2-li4 tai2-wan1 ta4-hsüeh2) is... A blacksmith is a traditional trade. ...

The education system was finally desegregated in March 1941, when all schools (except for a few aboriginal schools) were reclassified as kokumin gakkō (國民學校, National Schools), open to all students regardless of ethnicity. Education was compulsory for children between the ages of eight and fourteen. Subjects taught included Morals (修身, shūshin), Composition (作文, sakubun), Reading (讀書, dokusho), Writing (習字, shūji), Mathematics (算術, sansū), Singing (唱歌, shōka), and Physical Education (體操, taisō). From the Meiji period to 1941, the Japanese education system was primarily used by the Japanese government to promote the geopolitics, nationalism and national values of Japan. ...

By 1944, there were 944 primary schools in Taiwan with total enrollment rates of 71.3% for Taiwanese children, 86.4% for aboriginal children, and 99.6% for Japanese children in Taiwan. As a result, primary school enrollment rates in Taiwan were among the highest in Asia, second only to Japan itself. ^[5] Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...

Population

As part of the emphasis placed on governmental control, the OGG performed detailed censuses of Taiwan every five years starting in 1905. Statistics showed a population growth rate of 0.988 to 2.835% per year throughout Japanese rule. In 1905, the population of Taiwan was roughly 3.03 million; by 1940 the population had grown to 5.87 million, and by the end of World War II in 1946 it numbered 6.09 million. 1870 US Census for New York City A census is the process of obtaining information about every member of a population (not necessarily a human population). ... 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33... Year 1946 (MCMXLVI) was a common year starting on Tuesday. ...

Transportation developments

The Office of the Governor-General also placed a strong emphasis on modernization of Taiwan's transportation systems, especially railways, and to a lesser extent, highways. As a result, reliable transit links were established between the northern and southern ends of the island, supporting the increasing population. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1544x1024, 266 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): User:Rail02000 Taiwan under Japanese rule Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1544x1024, 266 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): User:Rail02000 Taiwan under Japanese rule Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera... Taichung (Chinese: ; pinyin: TÃ¡izhÅng; Wade-Giles: Tai-chung; POJ: TÃ¢i-tiong) is a city located in west-central Taiwan with a population of just over one million people, making it the third largest city on the island, after Taipei and Kaohsiung. ... Category: ...

Railways

The Railway Ministry (predecessor of the modern Taiwan Railway Administration) was established on November 8, 1899, beginning a period of rapid expansion of the island's rail network. Perhaps the greatest achievement of this era was the completion of the Western Line, linking the major cities along the western corridor in 1908, reducing the travel time between northern and southern Taiwan from several days to a single day. The Taiwan Railway Administration (å°ç£éµè·¯ç®¡ç†å±€, a. ... November 8 is the 312th day of the year (313th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 53 days remaining. ... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Western Line (è¥¿éƒ¨å¹¹ç·š) is a line of the Taiwan Railway Administration. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Also constructed during this time were the Danshui Line (today the Danshui Line of the Taipei Rapid Transit System), Yilan Line, Pingtung Line, and Donggang Line. Several private rail lines were also incorporated into the state owned system. Industrial lines such as the Alishan Forest Railway were also built. Plans were also drawn up for the North-Link Line, South-Link Line, as well as a line running through the mountains of central Taiwan, but were never realized due to technical difficulties as well as the outbreak of World War II. Private railways such as the Taiwan Sugar Railways (built to support the sugarcane industry), were also built. The Danshui (Danshuei) Line is a line of the Taipei Rapid Transit System. ... The Taipei Rapid Transit System (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: TÃ¡ibÄ›i DÃ zhÃ²ng JiÃ©yÃ¹n XÃ¬tÇ’ng, also known as the MRT, Metro Taipei, or by locals simply as the Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: TÃ¡ibÄ›i JiÃ©yÃ¹n) is a series of underground and elevated metro... The Yilan Line (å®œè˜ç·š) is the northern section of the Eastern Line of the Taiwan Railway Administration. ... The Pingtung Line (屏東線) is a line of the Taiwan Railway Administration. ... The Alishan Forest Railway (é˜¿é‡Œå±±æ£®æž—éµè·¯) is an 86 km network of narrow gauge (762 mm) railways running up to and throughout the popular mountain resort of Alishan in Chiayi County, Taiwan. ... The North-Link Line (北迴線) is the central section of the Eastern Line of the Taiwan Railway Administration. ... The South-Link Line (å—è¿´ç·š) is a line of the Taiwan Railway Administration. ... Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33... The Taiwan Sugar Railways (å°ç£ç³–æ¥éµè·¯) were an extensive series of narrow gauge railways (762 mm) concentrated mostly in southern and central Taiwan which were originally built to haul sugarcane from the fields to the sugar mills, but also capable of providing limited passenger service. ... Species Saccharum arundinaceum Saccharum bengalense Saccharum edule Saccharum officinarum Saccharum procerum Saccharum ravennae Saccharum robustum Saccharum sinense Saccharum spontaneum Sugarcane or Sugar cane (Saccharum) is a genus of 6 to 37 species (depending on taxonomic interpretation) of tall grasses (family Poaceae, tribe Andropogoneae), native to warm temperate to tropical regions...

Like many other government offices, the Railway Ministry was headed by technocrats. Many of the railways constructed during Japanese rule continue to be used today. This article is about a movement that supports the use of technology to enhance society. ...

Highways

Compared to the rapid development of the rail system, the highway system saw much less attention. However, faced with increasing competition from motorcars, the Railway Ministry began purchasing and confiscating roads running parallel to railways.

Bus service was available in urban areas, but since the cities in Taiwan were quite small at the time, they remained secondary to rail service. Most bus routes of the time centered on local railway stations. An articulated bus operated by the CTA in Chicago, Illinois, USA. A Go North East Bus parked in a lay-by in Tyne and Wear, England A bus is a large road vehicle intended to carry numerous persons in addition to the driver and sometimes a conductor. ... Passengers bustle around the typical grand edifice of Londons Broad Street Station in 1865. ...

Social policy

While the idea of "special governance" promoted by Gotō dominated most policy decisions made by the colonial authorities, the ultimate goal remained modernization. Under these ideals, the colonial government, along with community groups, would gradually push to modernize Taiwanese society. The main thrust of these efforts targeted what were known as the "Three Bad Habits". Image File history File links Pu-Zi-Temple-Beitou-Taipei-.jpgâ€Ž File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Taiwan under Japanese rule ... Image File history File links Pu-Zi-Temple-Beitou-Taipei-.jpgâ€Ž File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Taiwan under Japanese rule ...

"The Three Bad Habits"

The "Three Bad Habits" (三大陋習, sān dà lòu xí) considered by the Office of the Governor-General to be archaic and unhealthy were the use of opium, foot binding, and the wearing of queues.^[9]^[10] Much like mainland China in the late 19th Century, opium addiction was a serious social problem in Taiwan, with some statistics suggesting that over half of the ethnic Chinese population of Taiwan were users of the drug. The intentional disfigurement of female feet through binding, and the queue hairstyle worn by the male population were also common to Chinese and Taiwanese society at the time. Opium, or opÃ¯um is a narcotic analgesic drug which is obtained from the unripe seed pods of the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum L. or the synonym paeoniflorum). ... X-ray of bound feet. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Queue Order. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Opium

Shortly after acquiring Taiwan in 1895, then Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi ordered that opium should be banned in Taiwan as soon as possible. However, due to the pervasiveness of opium addiction in Taiwanese society at the time, and the social and economic problems caused by complete prohibition, the initial hard line policy was relaxed in a few years. On January 21, 1897, the OGG issued the Taiwan Opium Edict mandating a government monopoly of the opium trade, and restricting the sale of opium to those with government issued permits, with the ultimate goal of total abolition. The number of opium addicts in Taiwan quickly dropped from millions to 169,064 in 1900 (6.3% of the total population at the time), and 45,832 (1.3% of the population) by 1921. However, the numbers were still higher than those in nations where opium was completely prohibited. It was generally believed that one important factor behind the OGG's reluctance to completely ban opium was the potential profit to be made through a state run narcotics monopoly. 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Prime Minister of Japan (å†…é–£ç·ç†å¤§è‡£ Naikaku sÅri daijin) is the usual English-language term used for the head of government of Japan, although the literal translation of the Japanese name for the office is Prime Minister of the Cabinet. ... Prince ItÅ Hirobumi , 16 October 1841â€“26 October 1909, also called Hirofumi/Hakubun and Shunsuke in his youth) was a Japanese politician and the countrys first Prime Minister (and the 5th, 7th and 10th). ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... The term narcotic, derived from the Greek word for stupor, originally referred to a variety of substances that induced sleep (such state is narcosis). ...

In 1921, the Taiwanese People's Party accused colonial authorities before the League of Nations of being complacent in the addiction of over 40,000 people, while making a profit off opium sales. To avoid controversy, the OGG issued the New Taiwan Opium Edict on December 28, and related details of the new policy on January 8 of the following year. Under the new laws, the number of opium permits issued was decreased, a rehab clinic was opened in Taipei, and a concerted anti-drug campaign launched.^[11] Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for full calendar). ... The Taiwanese Peoples Party (Taiwanese: TÃ¢i-oÃ¢n BÃ®n-chiÃ²ng TÃ³ng; Japanese: Taiwan Minsyuto; Traditional Chinese: è‡ºç£æ°‘çœ¾é»¨, pinyin: Taiwan Minzhongdang), founded 1927, was nominally Taiwans first political party, preceding the founding of the Taiwanese Communist Party by nine months. ... The League of Nations was an international organization founded after the Paris Peace Conference, 1919. ... December 28 is the 362nd day of the year (363rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 3 days remaining. ... January 8 is the 8th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Drug rehabilitation (often shortened to drug rehab or just rehab) is an umbrella term for the processes of medical and/or psychotherapeutic treatment, for dependency on psychoactive substances such as alcohol, prescription drugs, and so-called street drugs such as cocaine, heroin or amphetamines. ...

Foot binding

Foot binding was a practice fashionable in Ming and Qing Dynasty China. Young girls' feet, usually at age six but often earlier, were wrapped in tight bandages so they could not grow normally, would break and become deformed as they reached adulthood. The feet would remain small and dysfunctional, prone to infection, paralysis, and muscular atrophy. While such feet were considered by some to be beautiful, others considered the practice to be archaic and barbaric. In concert with community leaders, the OGG launched an anti-foot binding campaign in 1901. The practice was formally banned in 1915, with violators subject to heavy punishment. Foot binding in Taiwan died out quickly afterwards. X-ray of bound feet. ... For other uses, see Ming. ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: QÄ«ng chÃ¡o; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China and the surrounding territories, establishing the Empire... For other uses, see Foot (disambiguation). ... An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. ... Paralysis is the complete loss of muscle function for one or more muscle groups. ... Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. ... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

Queue

The OGG took comparatively less action on queues. While social campaigns against wearing queues were launched, no edicts or laws were issued on the subject. With the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911, the popularity of queues also decreased. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Queue Order. ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: QÄ«ng chÃ¡o; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China and the surrounding territories, establishing the Empire... 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar). ...

Urban planning

The OGG initially focused on pressing needs such as sanitation and military fortifications. Plans for urban development began to be issued in 1899, calling for a five year development plan for most medium and large sized cities. The first phase of urban redevelopment focused on the construction and improvement of roads. In Taihoku (Taipei), the old city walls were demolished, and the new Seimonchō (西門町) (modern Ximending) area was developed for new Japanese immigrants. Sanitation vehicle in New York City. ... Urban, city, or town planning, deals with design of the built environment from the municipal and metropolitan perspective. ... 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The defensive wall of Braşov, Romania. ... The trendy shopping district of Ximending is a popular gathering place for young people. ...

The second phase of urban development began in 1901, focusing on the areas around the South and East Gates of Taihoku (Taipei) and the areas around the railway station in Taichū (Taichung). Primary targets for improvement included roads and drainage systems, in preparation for the arrival of more Japanese immigrants. 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... A storm drain, storm sewer, or stormwater drain (in Australia) system is designed to drain excess rain and ground water from an area. ...

Another phase began in August 1905 and also included Tainan. By 1917, urban redevelopment programs were in progress in over seventy cities and towns throughout Taiwan. Many of the urban plans laid out during these programs continue to be used in Taiwan today. Year 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ...

Public health

In the early years of Japanese rule, the OGG ordered the construction of public clinics throughout Taiwan and brought in doctors from Japan to halt the spread of infectious disease. The drive was successful in eliminating diseases such as malaria, plague, and tuberculosis from the island. The public health system throughout the years of Japanese rule was dominated primarily by small local clinics rather than large central hospitals, a situation which would remain constant in Taiwan until the 1980s. A clinic or outpatient clinic is a small medical facility that provides health care for ambulatory patients - as opposed to inpatients treated in a hospital. ... An infectious disease is a clinically evident disease of humans or animals that damages or injures the host so as to impair host function, and results from the presence and activity of one or more pathogenic microbial agents, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as... Malaria is a vector-borne infectious disease that is widespread in tropical and subtropical regions. ... Look up plague in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for Tubercle Bacillus) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by the mycobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis, which most commonly affects the lungs (pulmonary TB) but can also affect the central nervous system, lymphatic system, circulatory system, genitourinary system, bones, joints, and even the... Public health is concerned with threats to the overall health of a community based on population health analysis. ... A physician visiting the sick in a hospital. ... The 1980s refers to the years of 1980 to 1989. ...

The OGG also expended a great deal of effort in developing an effective sanitation system for Taiwan. British experts were hired to design storm drains and sewage systems. The expansion of streets and sidewalks, as well as building codes calling for windows allowing for air flow, mandatory neighborhood cleanups, and quarantine of the ill also helped to improve public health. Sanitation vehicle in New York City. ... Urban areas require some method for collection and disposal of sewage. ... Quarantine, a medical term (from Italian: quaranta giorni, forty days) is the act of keeping people or animals separated for a period of time before, for instance, allowing them to enter another country. ...

Public health education also became important in schools as well as in law enforcement. The Taihoku Imperial University also established a Tropical Medicine Research Center, and formal training for nurses. National Taiwan University (NTU, 國立臺灣大學, Hō-ló-oē: Kok-lip Tai-oan Tai-hak, Tongyong Pinyin: GuóLì TáiWan DàSyué, Hanyu Pinyin: Guólì táiwān dàxué, Wade-Giles: Kuo2-li4 tai2-wan1 ta4-hsüeh2) is... Nurses is a television sitcom that ran on NBC from 1991 to 1994. ...

Aborigines

See also: Taiwanese aborigines. Total population 2006: 458,000 [1] 2004: 454,600 [15] Homelands in Taiwan Mountainous terrain running in five ranges from the northern to the southern tip of the island Narrow eastern plains Orchid Island (LÃ¡n YÇ”) Languages 14 living Formosan languages. ...

According to the 1905 census, the aboriginal population included 450,000+ plains aborigines (1.53% of the total Taiwan population), almost completely assimilated into Han Chinese society, and 300,000+ mountain aborigines (1.2% of the total population). Japanese aboriginal policy focused primarily on the unassimilated latter group, known in Japanese as Takasago-zoku (高砂族). 1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Total population 2006: 458,000 [1] 2004: 454,600 [15] Homelands in Taiwan Mountainous terrain running in five ranges from the northern to the southern tip of the island Narrow eastern plains Orchid Island (LÃ¡n YÇ”) Languages 14 living Formosan languages. ... Languages Religions Predominantly Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, and atheism. ...

The aborigines were subject to modified versions of criminal and civil law. As with the rest of the Taiwanese population, the ultimate goal of the OGG was to assimilate the aborigines into Japanese society through a dual policy of suppression and education. Japanese education of the aborigines bloomed during WWII, who proved to be the most daring soldiers the empire had ever produced. Their legendary bravery is celebrated by Japanese veterans even today. A lot of them would say they owe their survival to the "Takasago Hei." Criminal law (also known as penal law) is the body of statutory and common law that deals with crime and the legal punishment of criminal offenses. ... Civil law or continental law is the predominant system of law in the world, with its origins in Roman law, and sets out a comprehensive system of rules, usually codified, that are applied and interpreted by judges. ...

Religion

Throughout most of Japanese colonial rule, the OGG chose to promote the existing Buddhist religion over Shintoism in Taiwan. It was believe that used properly, religion could accelerate the assimilation of the Taiwanese into Japanese society. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 177 KB) ÅŒgon Jinja (é»ƒé‡‘ç¥žç¤¾), Rueifang, Taipei, Taiwan by Koika File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Category:Shinto shrines in Taiwan Taiwan under Japanese rule Metadata This... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1024x768, 177 KB) ÅŒgon Jinja (é»ƒé‡‘ç¥žç¤¾), Rueifang, Taipei, Taiwan by Koika File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Category:Shinto shrines in Taiwan Taiwan under Japanese rule Metadata This... A torii is a gate leading to a jinja. ... A replica of an ancient statue found among the ruins of a temple at Sarnath Buddhism is a philosophy based on the teachings of the Buddha, SiddhÄrtha Gautama, a prince of the Shakyas, whose lifetime is traditionally given as 566 to 486 BCE. It had subsequently been accepted by... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Under these circumstances, existing Buddhist temples in Taiwan were expanded and modified to accommodate Japanese elements of the religion, such as worship of Ksitigarbha (popular in Japan but not Taiwan at the time). The Japanese also constructed several new Buddhist temples throughout Taiwan, many of which also ended up combining aspects of Daoism and Confucianism, a mix which still persists in Taiwan today. The Buddhist temple Wat Chiang Man, in Chiang Mai, Thailand, which dates from the late 13th century Buddhist temples and monasteries, sorted by location. ... Ksitigarbha Bodhisattva (åœ°è—è©è–©), often known in its Japanese name JizÅ (åœ°è”µ) or Chinese name Dizang (åœ°è— DÃ¬zÃ ng), is a popular Mahayana Buddhist Bodhisattva, usually depicted as a monk. ... For other uses of the words tao and dao, see Dao (disambiguation). ... Confucian temple in Jiading district, Shanghai. ...

In 1937 with the beginning of the Kōminka movement, the government began the promotion of Shintoism and the limited restriction of other religions. Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ...

Culture

After 1915, armed resistance against the Japanese occupation nearly ceased. Instead, spontaneous social movements became popular. The Taiwanese people organized various modern political, cultural and social clubs, adopting political consciousness with clear intentions to unite people with sympathetic sensibilities. This motivated them to strive for the common targets set up by the social movements. These movements also encouraged improvements in social culture. 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Social movements are broader political associations focussed on specific issues. ...

Besides Taiwanese literature, which connected with the social movements of the time, the aspect of Western culture which Taiwan most successfully adopted was the arts. Many famous works of art came out during this time. The Arts is a broad subdivision of culture, comprised of many expressive disciplines. ...

Popular culture led by movies, popular music and puppet theater prevailed for the first time in Taiwan during this period. For other uses see film (disambiguation) Film refers to the celluliod media on which movies are printed Film — also called movies, the cinema, the silver screen, moving pictures, photoplays, picture shows, flicks, or motion pictures, — is a field that encompasses motion pictures as an art form or as... Popular music is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are accessible to the general public and are disseminated by one or more of the mass media. ...

Literature

In 1919, Taiwanese students in Tokyo restructured Enlightenment Society and established the New People Society. This was the prelude for various political and social movements. Many new publications, such as "Taiwanese Literature & Art" (1934) and "New Taiwanese Literature" (1935), were started shortly thereafter. These led to the onset of the vernacular movement in Taiwan as they broke away from the classical forms of ancient poetry. Many scholars acknowledge possible connections of this movement with the May Fourth Movement in China. Image File history File links Loa_Ho_1919-20_E-mng. ... Image File history File links Loa_Ho_1919-20_E-mng. ... Lai He (28 May 1894-31 January 1943), born in Changhua, Taiwan. ... Year 1919 (MCMXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... , literally Eastern capital) is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, the home of the Japanese Imperial Family, and the de facto[1] capital of Japan. ... New People Society (Traditional Chinese: was established in January 11, 1920. ... 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

These literature movements did not disappear when they were repressed by the Japanese governor. In the early 1930s, a famous debate on Taiwanese rural language unfolded formally. This event had numerous lasting effects on Taiwanese literature, language and racial consciousness. The 1930s (years from 1930-1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ...

In 1930, Taiwanese-Japanese resident Huang Shihui started the debate on rural literature in Tokyo. He advocated that Taiwanese literature should be about Taiwan, have impact on a wide audience, and use Taiwanese language. In 1931, a resident in Taipei named Guo Qiusen prominently supported Huang's viewpoint. Guo started the Taiwanese Rural Language Debate, which advocated literature published in Taiwanese. This was immediately supported by Lai He, considered the father of Taiwanese literature. After this, dispute as to whether the literature of Taiwan should use Taiwanese or Chinese language, and whether or not the subject matter should concern Taiwan, became the focus of the New Taiwan Literature Movement. However, because of the upcoming war and the pervasive Japanese cultural education, these debates could not develop any further. They finally lost traction under the Japanization policy set by the government. ^[12] Year 1930 (MCMXXX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link is to a full 1930 calendar). ... Huang Shihui (1900-1945), born in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. ... , literally Eastern capital) is the seat of the Japanese government and the Imperial Palace, the home of the Japanese Imperial Family, and the de facto[1] capital of Japan. ... See alternative meanings for other possible definitions. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link is to a full 1931 calendar). ... Guo Qiusen (Chinese: ; pinyin: ) (1904-1980), born in Hsinchuang, Taipei. ... Lai He (28 May 1894-31 January 1943), born in Changhua, Taiwan. ...

In the two years after 1934, progressive Taiwanese writers gathered up and established the Association of Taiwanese Literature and Art and New Taiwanese Literature. This literature and art movement was political in its implications. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident in 1937, the government of Taiwan immediately instituted "National Spirit General Moblization", which formally commenced the Japanization policy. Taiwanese writers could then only rely on organizations dominated by Japanese writers, e.g. the "Taiwanese Poet Association", established in 1939, and the "Association of Taiwanese Literature & Art", expanded in 1940. ^[12] 1934 (MCMXXXIV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... New Taiwanese Literature (Traditional Chinese: ) was a literature organization created during the Japanese rule of Taiwan in 1935. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Lukouchiao Incident. ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 (MCMXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ...

Taiwanese literature focused mainly on the Taiwanese spirit and the essence of Taiwanese culture. Ordinary as it seems, it was actually a revolution made possibly by political and social movements. People in literature and the arts began to think about issues of Taiwanese culture, and attempted to establish a culture that truly belonged to Taiwan.

Western art

During the Qing Dynasty, the concept of Western art did not exist in Taiwan. Painting was not a highly respected occupation, and even Chinese landscape painting was undeveloped. When the Japanese occupied Taiwan in 1895, they brought in a new educational system which introduced Western and Japanese art education. This not only set the basis for the future development of art appreciation in Taiwan, it also produced various famous artists. Painter and instructor Ishikawa Kinichiro contributed immensely in planning the training of new art teachers. He personally instructed students and encouraged them to travel to Japan to learn the more sophisticated techniques of art. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (543x667, 144 KB) Information: Street of Chiayi/ Chen Cheng-po/ 1926/ Canvas/ Oil painting/ 64Ã—53cm/ Selection of Seventh Empire Exhibition of Japan Information in Chinese: å˜‰ç¾©è¡—å¤–/ é™³æ¾„æ³¢/ 1926/ ç•«å¸ƒã€‚æ²¹å½©/ 64Ã—53cm/ ç¬¬ä¸ƒå›žæ—¥æœ¬å¸åœ‹ç¾Žè¡“å±•å…¥é¸ Source: [1] ÄŒesky |hehe Deutsch | English | Î•Î»Î»Î·Î½Î¹ÎºÎ¬ | EspaÃ±ol | ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ | FranÃ§ais | ×¢×‘×¨×™×ª | Indonesian | Italiano... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (543x667, 144 KB) Information: Street of Chiayi/ Chen Cheng-po/ 1926/ Canvas/ Oil painting/ 64Ã—53cm/ Selection of Seventh Empire Exhibition of Japan Information in Chinese: å˜‰ç¾©è¡—å¤–/ é™³æ¾„æ³¢/ 1926/ ç•«å¸ƒã€‚æ²¹å½©/ 64Ã—53cm/ ç¬¬ä¸ƒå›žæ—¥æœ¬å¸åœ‹ç¾Žè¡“å±•å…¥é¸ Source: [1] ÄŒesky |hehe Deutsch | English | Î•Î»Î»Î·Î½Î¹ÎºÎ¬ | EspaÃ±ol | ÙØ§Ø±Ø³ÛŒ | FranÃ§ais | ×¢×‘×¨×™×ª | Indonesian | Italiano... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: ; pinyin: QÄ«ng chÃ¡o; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), occasionally known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China and the surrounding territories, establishing the Empire... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Ishikawa Kinichiro (çŸ³å· æ¬½ä¸€éƒŽ)(8 August 1871 - 10 September 1945) born in Shitsuoka, Japan. ...

In 1926, a Taiwanese student in Japan named Chen Chengbo published a work titled Outside of Chiayi Street (see left). His work was selected for display in the seventh Imperial Japanese Exihibition. This was the first Western style work by a Taiwanese artist to be included in a Japanese exhibition. Many other works were subsequently featured in the Imperial Japanese Exhibitions and other exhibitions. These successes made it easier for the arts to become widespread in Taiwan. Year 1926 (MCMXXVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar). ... Chen Cheng-po Chen Cheng-po (Chinese: é™³æ¾„æ³¢, born on February 2, 1895, died on March 25, 1947) was a well-known Taiwanese painter. ...

What really established the arts in Taiwan was the introduction of official Japanese exhibitions in Taiwan. In 1927, the governor of Taiwan, along with artists Ishikawa Kinichiro, Shiotsuki Toho and Kinoshita Shizukishi established the Taiwanese Art Exhibition.^[13] This exhibition was held sixteen times from 1938 to 1945. It cultivated the first generation of Taiwanese western artists. The regional Taiwanese art style developed by the exhibition still affected various fields, e.g. art, art design and engineering design, even after the war. 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ...

Cinema

From 1901 to 1937, Taiwanese cinema was influenced immensely by Japanese cinema. Because of Taiwan's status as a Japanese colony, the traditions of Japanese movies were generally accepted by Taiwanese producers. The first Taiwan-made film was a documentary produced in February 1907 by Takamatsu Toyojiro, with a group of photographers that travelled through various areas in Taiwan. Their production was called "Description of Taiwan", and it covered through subjects such as city construction, electricity, agriculture, industry, mining, railways, education, landscapes, traditions, and conquest of aborigines. The first movie drama produced by Taiwanese was called "Whose Fault?" in 1925, produced by the Association of Taiwanese Cinema Research. Other types of films including educational pieces, newsreels and propaganda also helped form the mainstream of local Taiwanese movie productions until the defeat of Japan in 1945. Sayon's Bell, which depicted an aboriginal maid helping Japanese, was a symbolic production that represents these types of films. Image File history File links èŽŽå‹‡ä¹‹é˜.jpgâ€Ž é›»å½±åŠ‡ç…§ 1940å¹´ä»£ä¹‹ç¿»æ”, èŽŽå‹‡ä¹‹é˜ (Chinese title), also known as: Sayon no kane (1943, ã‚µãƒ¨ãƒ³ã®é˜ - Original Japanese title), Sayons Bell (International: English title), starring Li Xiang Lan (zh:æŽé¦™è˜ - ja:å±±å£æ·‘å), over 50years File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects... Image File history File links èŽŽå‹‡ä¹‹é˜.jpgâ€Ž é›»å½±åŠ‡ç…§ 1940å¹´ä»£ä¹‹ç¿»æ”, èŽŽå‹‡ä¹‹é˜ (Chinese title), also known as: Sayon no kane (1943, ã‚µãƒ¨ãƒ³ã®é˜ - Original Japanese title), Sayons Bell (International: English title), starring Li Xiang Lan (zh:æŽé¦™è˜ - ja:å±±å£æ·‘å), over 50years File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects... 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... The history of Chinese-language cinema has three separate threads of development: Cinema of Hong Kong, Cinema of China and Cinema of Taiwan. ... Cinema has a history in Japan that spans more than 100 years. ... 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... Sayuns Bellï¼ˆã‚µãƒ¨ãƒ³ã®é˜ï¼‰[1] was a movie based on an event happened in 1938 during the period of Japanese rule in Taiwan. ...

In 1908, Takamatsu Toyojiro settled in Taiwan and began to construct theaters in the main cities. Takamatsu also signed with several Japanese and foreign movie companies, and set up institutionalized movie publication. In 1924, theaters in Taiwan imported advanced intertitle technique from Japan, and the cinema in Taiwan grew more prominent. On October 1935, a celebration of the fortieth year anniversary of Japanese occupation in Taiwan was held. The year after, Taipei and Fukuoka were connected by airway. These two events pushed the Taiwanese cinema into its golden age. 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Year 1924 (MCMXXIV) was a leap year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar). ... In motion pictures, an intertitle is a piece of filmed, printed text edited into the midst of (i. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... This page is about Fukuoka, Fukuoka (ç¦å²¡å¸‚), a city in Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan. ...

Popular Music

Popular music in Taiwan was established in the 1930s. Although published records and popular songs already existed in Taiwan before 1930s, the quality and popularity of most of them was very poor. This was mainly because popular songs at the time differed slightly away from traditional music like folk songs and Taiwanese opera. However, because of the rapid development of cinema and broadcasting during the 1930s, new popular songs that stepped away from traditional influences began to appear and become widespread in a short period of time. The 1930s (years from 1930-1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known in Europe as the World Depression. ... Record is also a music album by Montreal-based band Sofa. ... Popular music, sometimes abbreviated pop music, is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are broadly popular. ... Folk music, in the original sense of the term, is music by and of the people. ... Taiwanese (folk) opera (Taiwanese: koa-á-hì; Mandarin: 歌仔戲, Gezaixi; lit. ... Wikibooks has more about this subject: Marketing Note: broadcasting is also a term for hand sowing. ... Popular music, sometimes abbreviated pop music, is music belonging to any of a number of musical styles that are broadly popular. ...

The first real popular song in Taiwan collocated with a Chinese movie titled "Taohuaqixie Ji". Produced by Lianhua Production, "Taohuaqixie Ji", starring Ruan Lingyu, screened in Taiwan theaters in 1932. Hoping to attract more Taiwanese viewers, the producers requested composers Zhan Tianma and Wang Yunfeng to compose a song with the same title. The song that came out was a major hit and achieved success in record sales. From this period on, Taiwanese popular music with the assistance of cinema began to rise. The history of Chinese-language cinema has three separate threads of development: Cinema of Hong Kong, Cinema of China, and Cinema of Taiwan. ... Ruan Lingyu (Chinese: é˜®çŽ²çŽ‰; Pinyin: RuÇŽn LÃngyÃ¹; April 26, 1910 - March 8, 1935) was a Chinese film actress. ... Year 1932 (MCMXXXII) was a leap year starting on Friday (the link will take you to a full 1932 calendar). ...

Puppet theatre

Many Min Nan speaking immigrants entered Taiwan during the 1750s, and with them they brought puppet theatre. The stories were based mainly on classical books and stage drama, and it was very refined. Artistry focused on the complexity of the puppet movements. Musical accompaniment was generally Nanguan and Beiguan music. According to the Records of Taiwan Province, Nanguan was the earliest form of puppet theatre in Taiwan. Although this kind of puppet theatre fell out of the mainstream, it can still be found in a few troupes around Taipei today. Sun Wukong puppet in pÃ²Â·-tÄ“-hÃ¬. PÃ²Â·-tÄ“-hÃ¬ (POJ: pÃ²Â·-tÄ“-hÃ¬; Chinese: ; pinyin: bÃ¹dÃ ixÃ¬), also known as budai muouxi, shoucao kuileixi, shoudai kuileixi, chang-chung hsi (pinyin: zhÇŽngzhÅngxÃ¬), xiaolong, or zhihuaxi is a type of local opera using cloth puppets that originated... Mǐn N n (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name B ; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China. ... Nanguan (å—ç®¡; pinyin: nÃ¡nguÇŽn; literally southern pipe; also called nanyin, nanyue, or nanqu) is a traditional musical genre originating in the Fujian province of China. ... Beiguan was a type of traditional music, melody and theatrical performance during the 17th - mid 20th century. ... Nickname: the City of Azaleas (æœéµ‘èŠ±ä¹‹åŸŽ) Coordinates: Country Republic of China Region Northern Taiwan Capital Xinyi Dist (ä¿¡ç¾©å€) Mayor Hau Lung-bin Area - City 271. ...

During the 1920s, wuxia puppet theatre (i.e. based on martial arts) gradually developed. The stories were the main difference between traditional and wuxia puppet theatre. Based on new, popular wuxia novels, performance was focused on the display of unique martial arts with the puppets. The representative figures during this era were Huang Haidai of Wuzhouyuan and Zhong Renxiang of Xinyige. This puppet genre began its development in Yunlin's Huwei town and Xiluo town, and was popularized in southern central Taiwan. Huang Haidai's puppet theatre was narrated in Min Nan, and included poems, history, couplets and guessing combinations of words. Its performance blended in Beiguan, Nanguan, Luantan, Zhengyin, Gezai and Chaodiao music. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (600x800, 118 KB) Stand Taiwan Puppet-photo by prattflora-2005-05-16 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Glove puppetry Taiwan under Japanese rule ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (600x800, 118 KB) Stand Taiwan Puppet-photo by prattflora-2005-05-16 File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Glove puppetry Taiwan under Japanese rule ... The 1920s was a decade sometimes referred to as the Jazz Age or the Roaring Twenties, usually applied to America. ... Poster from the American release of Zhang Yimous 2002 film Hero (è‹±é›„) WÇ”xiÃ¡ (also Wu Xia) (Traditional Chinese: æ¦ä¿ ; Simplified Chinese: æ¦ä¾ ; Mandarin IPA: ; Cantonese: mÃ³w hÃ b), literally meaning martial arts chivalry or martial arts heroes, from Chinese, is a distinct genre in Chinese literature, television and cinema. ... Yunlin County (雲林縣, pinyin: Yúnlín Xiàn) is a county in Western Taiwan. ... Huwei Town (Traditional Chinese è™Žå°¾éŽ®; pinyin: hÇ”wÄ›i-zhÃ¨n; tiger tail town) is a city in Yunlin County, Taiwan, with a population of about 67,000. ... A couplet is a pair of lines of verse that form a unit. ...

After the 1930s, the Japanization policy affected puppet theatre. The customary Chinese Beiguan was forbidden, and was replaced by Western music. The costumes and the puppets were a mixture of Japanese and Chinese style. The plays often included Japanese stories like Mitokomon and others, with the puppets dressed in Japanese clothing. Performances were presented in Japanese. This new barrier of language and culture reduced public acceptance, but introduced techniques which subsequently influenced the future Golden Light puppet theatre, including music and stage settings. MitokÅmon (æ°´æˆ¸é»„é–€), was a historical drama based on the second ruler of Mito clan, Tokugawa Mitsukuni. ...

During this era, the world of puppet theatre in southern Taiwan had the Five Great Pillars and Four Great Celebrities. "Five Great Pillars" referred to Huang Haidai, Zhong Renxiang, Huang Tianquan, Hu Jinzhu and Lu Chongyi; "Four Great Celebrities" referred to Huang Tianchuan , Lu Chongyi, Li Tuyuan and Zheng Chuanming.

Baseball

Baseball was brought to Taiwan by Japan. There were baseball teams in elementary schools as well as public schools.

Retrocession

See also: Surrender of Japan, Political status of Taiwan. The surrender of Japan in August 1945 brought World War II to a close. ... Taiwan Strait area The controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan hinges on whether Taiwan, including the Pescadores (Penghu), should remain the effective territory of the Republic of China (ROC), become unified with the territories now governed by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), or become the Republic of...

With the end of World War II, Taiwan was placed under the administrative control of the Republic of China by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) after 50 years of colonial rule by Japan. Chen Yi, the ROC Chief Executive of Taiwan, arrived on October 24, 1945 and received the last Japanese Governor-General, Andō Rikichi, who signed the document of surrender on the next day, which was proclaimed by Chen as "Retrocession Day". This turned out to be legally controversial since Japan did not renounce its sovereignty over Taiwan until 1952, which further complicated the political status of Taiwan. As a result use of the term "Retrocession of Taiwan" (台灣光復, Táiwān guāngfù) is less common in modern Taiwan. This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33... Motto: Three Principles of the People (ä¸‰æ°‘ä¸»ç¾© San-min Chu-i) Anthem: National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital Taipei (de facto) Nanking (de jure)1 Largest city Taipei Official languages Mandarin (GuÃ³yÇ”) Government Semi-presidential system - President Chen Shui-bian - Vice President Annette Lu - Premier Su Tseng-chang... The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was founded in 1943 to provide relief to areas liberated from Axis powers. ... The United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA) was founded in 1943 to provide relief to areas liberated from Axis powers. ... Chen Yi, the first ROC Chief Executive and Garrison Commander of Taiwan. ... October 24 is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 68 days remaining. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Taiwan Strait area The controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan hinges on whether Taiwan, including the Pescadores (Penghu), should remain the effective territory of the Republic of China (ROC), become unified with the territories now governed by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), or become the Republic of...

Background

At the Cairo Conference of 1943, the Allies adopted a nonbinding statement declaring that Taiwan should be returned to Chinese sovereignty at the end of the war. In April 1944, the ROC government at the wartime capital of Chungking established the Taiwan Research Committee (台灣調查委員會, Táiwān diàochá wěiyuánhuì) with Chen Yi as chairman. Shortly afterwards, the committee reported its findings on the economy, politics, society, and military affairs of Taiwan to Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek. Chiang, Roosevelt, and Churchill in Cairo, 11/25/1943 The Cairo Conference of November 22-26, 1943, held in Cairo, Egypt, addressed the Allied position against Japan during World War II and made decisions about postwar Asia. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... The Allies of World War II were the countries officially opposed to the Axis Powers during the Second World War. ... Chongqing (Simplified Chinese: 重庆; Traditional Chinese: 重慶; pinyin: Chóngqìng; Wade_Giles: Chung_ching; Postal System Pinyin: Chungking) is the largest and most populous of the Peoples Republic of Chinas four municipalities, which have provincial_level status. ... Chen Yi, the first ROC Chief Executive and Garrison Commander of Taiwan. ... Chiang Kai-shek (October 31, 1887 â€“ April 5, 1975) was a Chinese military and political leader who assumed the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT) after the 1925 death of Sun Yat-sen. ...

Following the war, opinion in the ROC government was split as to the administration of Taiwan. One faction supported treating Taiwan in the same way as other Chinese territories occupied by the Japanese during World War II, creating a Taiwan Province. The other faction supported setting up a Special Administrative Region in Taiwan with special military and police powers. In the end, Chiang Kai-shek chose to take Chen Yi's suggestion of creating a special 2000 man "Office of the Chief Executive of Taiwan Province" (台灣省行政長官公署, Táiwān-shěng xíngzhèng zhǎngguān gōngshǔ) to handle the transfer. Combatants Allied Powers: United Kingdom France Soviet Union United States Republic of China and others Axis Powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Winston Churchill Charles de Gaulle Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Chiang Kai-Shek Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tojo Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33... Taiwan Province can refer to an existing administrative division under the government of the Republic of China or the claimed 23rd province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... In the political division of the Republic of China, special administrative regions were historically used to designate special areas, most of which were eventually converted into provinces. ...

Japan formally surrendered to the Allies on August 14, 1945. On August 29, Chiang Kai-shek appointed Chen Yi as Chief Executive of Taiwan Province, and announced the creation of the Office of the Chief Executive of Taiwan Province and Taiwan Garrison Command on September 1, with Chen Yi also as the commander of the latter body. After several days of preparation, an advance party moved into Taipei on October 5, with more personnel from Shanghai and Chungking arriving between October 5 and October 24. The surrender of Japan in August 1945 brought World War II to a close. ... August 14 is the 226th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (227th in leap years), with 139 days remaining. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... August 29 is the 241st day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (242nd in leap years), with 124 days remaining. ... The Taiwan Garrison Command (å°ç£è¦å‚™ç¸½éƒ¨) was a secret police/state security body which existed under the Republic of China military on Taiwan. ... September 1 is the 244th day of the year (245th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... October 5 is the 278th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (279th in Leap years). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... October 24 is the 297th day of the year (298th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 68 days remaining. ...

Surrender ceremony

The formal surrender occurred on the morning of October 25, 1945 in Taipei City Hall (modern Zhongshan Hall). The Office of the Governor-General of Taiwan formally surrendered to Chen Yi representing the Commander in Chief of the Chinese Theatre. On the same day, the Office of the Chief Executive began functioning from the building which now houses the ROC Executive Yuan. October 25 is the 298th day of the year (299th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1945 calendar). ... China Burma India Theater (CBI) was the name used by the United States Army for its forces in China, Burma, India during World War II. Well-known US units in this theater included the Flying Tigers, transport and bomber units flying the Hump, the engineers who built Ledo Road, and... The Executive Yuan (行政院; literally executive court) is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China. ...

Continued on History of the Republic of China: Republic of China on Taiwan, 1945/1949-Present. The Republic of China (Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) succeeded the Qing Dynasty in 1912, ending 2,000 years of imperial rule. ...

Contents

History GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Background

Cession of Taiwan (1895)

Early years (1895-1915)

Dōka: "Integration" (1915-1937)

Kōminka: "Subjects of the Emperor" (1937-1945)

The Office of the Governor-General

Development

Governors-General

The Chief of Home Affairs

Administrative divisions

Armed resistance

The Republic of Formosa

Guerrillas

Tapani Incident

Wushe Incident

Economic and educational development

Economic

Fiscal

Compulsory education

Population

Transportation developments

Railways

Highways

Social policy

"The Three Bad Habits"

Opium

Foot binding

Queue

Urban planning

Public health

Aborigines

Religion

Culture

Literature

Western art

Cinema

Popular Music

Puppet theatre

Baseball

Retrocession

Background

Surrender ceremony

See also

References & notes

Footnotes

Other references

History