NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Taiwanese people

Taiwanese people (Traditional Chinese: 臺灣人 also 台灣人; Simplified Chinese: 台湾人; Pinyin: Táiwān rén) may refer to individuals who either claim or are imputed cultural identity focused on the island of Taiwan and/or the lands and territories which have been governed by the Republic of China (ROC) since 1949. At least three competing (occasionally overlapping) paradigms are used to identify someone as a Taiwanese person: a nationalist criteria, self-identification (including the concept of "New Taiwanese") criteria, and socio-cultural criteria. These standards are fluid, in keeping with an evolving social and political milieu. The complexity resulting from competing and evolving standards is compounded by a larger dispute regarding the political identity of Taiwan itself, and its potential de jure independence or political integration with the People's Republic of China. Taiwanese (peÌh-oÄ“-jÄ«: TÃ¢i-oÃ¢n-oÄ“ or TÃ¢i-gÃ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is a variant of Amoy Min Nan Chinese spoken by about 70% of Taiwans population. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 358 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (650 Ã— 1089 pixel, file size: 145 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 358 Ã— 600 pixelsFull resolution (650 Ã— 1089 pixel, file size: 145 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Traditional Chinese characters refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... Cultural identity is the identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as he is influenced by his belonging to a group or culture. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... Taiwans identity crisis has been an ongoing issue for several decades arising from the political rivalry between the Republic of China (ROC) and the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... Look up De jure in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The composite category of "Taiwanese people" is often reputed by many Taiwanese to include a significant population of at least four constituent ethnic groups: the Hoklo (70%), the Hakka (15%), Mainlander (13%), and Taiwanese aborigines (2%) (Copper 2003:12-13);(Hsiao 2004:105). Although the concept of the "four great ethnic groups" was a deliberate attempt by the Hoklo dominated Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) to diffuse Taiwanese-Mainlander tensions, this conception has become a dominant frame of reference for dealing with Taiwanese ethnic and national issues (Makeham 2005:4-5). Despite the wide use of the "four great ethnic groups" in public discourse as essentialized identities, the relationships between the peoples of Taiwan have been in a constant state of convergence and negotiation for centuries. The continuing process of cross-ethnic mixing with ethnicities from within and outside Taiwan, combined with the disappearance of ethnic barriers due to a shared socio-political experience, has led to the emergence of "Taiwanese" as a larger ethnic group (Harrell/Huang 1994:14-15). Hoklo (Chinese: ç¦ä½¬äºº; Pinyin: FÃºlÇŽo RÃ©n; POJ: HoÌh-lÃ³-lÃ¢ng/HÅ-lÃ³-lÃ¢ng) primarily refers to the largest of the four subethnic and ethnic groups in Taiwan. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Mainlanders are Chinese people who live, or were born, in mainland China as opposed to Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, or Taiwan. ... Total population 2006: 458,000 (CIP 2006) 2004: 454,600 (CIP 2004) Homelands in Taiwan Mountainous terrain running in five ranges from the northern to the southern tip of the island Narrow eastern plains Orchid Island (LÃ¡n YÇ”) Languages 14 living Formosan languages. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... Hoklo (Chinese: ç¦ä½¬äºº; Pinyin: FÃºlÇŽo RÃ©n; POJ: HoÌh-lÃ³-lÃ¢ng/HÅ-lÃ³-lÃ¢ng) primarily refers to the largest of the four subethnic and ethnic groups in Taiwan. ... The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; abbreviated to or ; Hanyu Pinyin: MÃnjÃ¬ndÇŽng) is a major political party in the Republic of China which has traditionally been associated with the pan-green coalition and Taiwan independence although it has moderated its stance as it has... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

Definitions of Taiwanese

Although group identity is often claimed on the basis of ancestry and culture, in actuality it is held together by a common socio-political experience (Corcuff 2000). Any connection Taiwanese may have with one another is purely subjective, based on the shared belief in a common destiny stemming from the very real parameters of daily life including: Government, Economy, Education, Popular culture and Electronic/Print Media (Anderson 1983; Hsiau 2000:10-14). However, political leaders often attempt to manipulate and fix identities for political gain, by assigning an essentialist identity to a community. Kinship and descent is one of the major concepts of cultural anthropology. ... Culture (Culture from the Latin cultura stemming from colere, meaning to cultivate,) generally refers to patterns of human activity and the symbolic structures that give such activity significance. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... Popular culture, sometimes called pop culture, consists of widespread cultural elements in any given society. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

It should also be noted that identities are not fixed, but fluid and change with time and memory or in response to a changing environment rather than stemming from a primordial or authentic source (Bhabha 1994:1; Brown 2004:5). New identities are continually emerging based on individuals’ perceptions of commonalities and differences as the patterns of local communities, kinship and language pattern usage change with economic, cultural and demographic change, and on the national experience (Harrell 1996:5). This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... Kinship is the most basic principle of organizing individuals into social groups, roles, and categories. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

The history of Taiwanese identity

The earliest notion of a Taiwanese group identity emerged in the form of a national identity following the Qing Dynasty’s ceding of Taiwan to Japan in the Treaty of Shimonoseki in 1895 (Morris 2002:3-6). Prior to Japanese colonization, residents of Taiwan developed relationships based on class solidarity and social connections rather than ethnic identity. Although Han often cheated Aborigines, they also married and supported one another against other residents of the same ethnic background. Taiwan was the site of frequent feuding based on ethnicity, lineage and place of origin Lamley 1981; Harrell 1990; Shepherd 1993:310-323. Identity politics is the political activity of various social movements for self-determination. ... For publications of this name, see also Nation (disambiguation) A nation is a community of people who live together in an area (or, more broadly, of their descendants who may now be dispersed); and who regard themselves, or are regarded by others, as sharing some common identity, to which certain... Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Territory of Qing China in 1892 Capital Shengjing (1636-1644) Beijing (1644-1912) Language(s) Chinese Manchu Mongolian Government Monarchy Emperor - 1636-1643 Huang Taiji - 1908-1912 Xuantong Emperor Prime Minister - 1911 Yikuang - 1911-1912 Yuan Shikai History - Establishment of the Late... The ShunpanrÅ hall where the Treaty of Shimonoseki was signed The Treaty of Shimonoseki (Japanese: ä¸‹é–¢æ¡ç´„, Shimonoseki JÅyaku), known as the Treaty of Maguan (T. Chinese: é¦¬é—œæ¢ç´„, S. Chinese: é©¬å…³æ¡çº¦;) in China, was signed at the ShunpanrÅ hall on April 17, 1895 between the Empire of Japan and the Qing Empire. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

Japanese era

In the face of the Japanese colonial hierarchy, the people of Taiwan were faced with the unequal binary relationship between colonizer and colonized. This duality between "one" and "other" was evident in the seven years of violence between the Japanese and groups of united anti-Japanese Han and Aborigines (Katz 2005). Only later did the Japanese attempt to incorporate Taiwanese into the Japanese identity as "loyal subjects", but the difference between the experience of the colonized and the colonizer polarized the two groups (Fujii 2006:70-73). This article refers to a colony in politics and history. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

The concept of "race" was utilized as a tool to confirm and facilitate Japanese political policies. A system of household registers based on the notion of race to separate and define groups of colonial subjects. From within the group of "non-Japanese" the colonial government divided Han citizens into "Han" and "Hakka" based on their perception of linguistic and cultural differences.The Japanese also maintained the Qing era classification of Aborigines as either "raw" or "cooked" (Brown 2004:8), which to the Japanese embodied the social ramification of ethnic origin and perceived loyalty to the empire (Wolf & Huang 1980:19). For other uses, see Race (disambiguation). ... // Han in China Chinese (æ¼¢), an abbreviation or adjectival modifier for things Chinese. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Total population 2006: 458,000 (CIP 2006) 2004: 454,600 (CIP 2004) Homelands in Taiwan Mountainous terrain running in five ranges from the northern to the southern tip of the island Narrow eastern plains Orchid Island (LÃ¡n YÇ”) Languages 14 living Formosan languages. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

Kuomintang era

In 1945, Taiwan entered the political sphere of the Republic of China (ROC). Shortly after the armistice with Japan, many people in Taiwan simply referred to themselves as "Chinese".^[1] Shortly following the Kuomintang's arrival, however, social conflict erupted in the midst of rampant government corruption, soaring inflation and an increasing flow of immigrants from China. The latter were preferred for jobs in the civil service as opposed to Taiwanese who were regarded as "untrustworthy"(Phillips 2003:8-9). Recurrent violent suppression of dissent also played an important role in enforcing a separate sense of "Taiwanese-ness" (Gates 1981:253-275). For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

Under the Chinese Nationalist structure, "Taiwanese" became a strong "regional" identity. The term has often been used synonymously with benshengren, a term which covered both Hoklo and Hakka whose ancestors arrived in Taiwan before the Japanese restrictions on immigration in 1895. "Taiwanese" was used in contrast with waishengren (mainlanders), who included the people who followed the KMT to Taiwan between 1945 and 1949 and their descendants. The government tended to stress provincial identities, with identification cards and passports issued until the late 1990s displaying one's ancestral province and county. During this period the terms "cooked" and "raw" Aborigines disappeared. The former "raw" Aborigines were termed Gaoshanzu (Mountain Race) or Gaoshan Tongbao (Mountain Compatriots). Mainlanders are people who live in a region considered a mainland. It is frequently used in the context of Greater China, referring to Chinese people who live, or were born, in mainland China as opposed to Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan, or Singapore. ... A Rukai villege Chief visiting Department of Anthropology in Tokyo Imperial University during the Japanese rule. ...

Democratic era

With Taiwan's political liberalization in the 1970s and 1980s, encouraged by Taiwan's changing international status, the concept of a "Taiwanese people" became politicized by opponents of the KMT. The "tang wai" movement deployed concepts of "Taiwanese identity" against the authoritarian KMT government, often using extreme tactics to build a short-term ethno-centric opposition to the KMT (Edmunson 2002:34-42). The campaign saw resonance with the people of Taiwan and the term "Taiwanese" has been used py politicians of all parties to refer to the electorate in an effort to secure votes. The concept of a separate Taiwanese identity has become such an integral factor to the election culture in Taiwan, that identifying as a Taiwanese has become essential to being elected in Taiwan (Corcuff 2002:243-249). The Tangwai (黨外; pinyin: dăng w i; literally, outside the party) movement was a political movement in the Republic of China on Taiwan in the mid-1970s and early 1980s. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

New Taiwanese

The term "New Taiwanese" (新台灣人) was coined by former President of the Republic of China, Lee Teng-hui in 1995 to bridge the ethnic cleavage which formed following the February 28 Incident in 1947 and characterized the frigid relations between waishengren and native Taiwanese during forty years of martial law. Although the "xin Taiwan guan" (新臺灣觀; New Taiwanese Concept) or "xin Taiwan lun" (新台灣論; The debate on the new Taiwanese identity) was originally aimed at the successive generations of Taiwanese with mainlander ancestry, it has been further articulated by Lee and other political and social leaders to refer to any person who loves Taiwan and is committed to calling Taiwan home. Although critics have called the "New Taiwanese Concept" a political ploy to win votes from native Taiwanese who regarded the KMT as an alien regime, it has remained an important factor in the dialectic between ethnic identities in Taiwan. Despite being adopted early on by former Provincial Governor James Soong (1997) and later by Taipei mayor and KMT Chairman Ma Ying-jeou (1999), the term has since been dropped from contemporary political rhetoric (Corcuff 2002:186-188). The Presidential Building is located in Zhongzheng District, Taipei City. ... Lee Teng-hui (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) born January 15, 1923) is a politician of Taiwan. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... China Pig Ma Ying-Jeou (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ma Ying-chiu) (born July 13, 1950 in Hong Kong, China) is a politician in the Republic of Taiwan (Taiwan), a former Justice Minister, former Mayor of Taipei, and former Chairman of the Kuomintang (KMT... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

Multicultural future

In contemporary Taiwan the phenomenon of mixed marriages between couples comprising different ethnic groups has grown to include people from the Indian subcontinent, southeast Asia, the Philippines, Europe, the Americas and the Pacific Islands. The increasing number of marriages between natives of Taiwan and other countries creates a problem for the rigid definitions of ethnic identity used by both the ROC and the PRC when discussing Taiwan (Harrell 1995). In one-seventh of all marriages in Taiwan today, one partner will be from another country and one out of every twelve children is born to a family of mixed parentage. Many immigrants to Taiwan seek to gain official ROC citizenship and assume a Taiwanese national identity. As Taiwan's birthrate is among the lowest in the world, this contingent is playing an increasingly important role in changing Taiwan's demographic makeup. Map of South Asia (see note) This article deals with the geophysical region in Asia. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... World map showing the location of Europe. ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... â†’this is tuff i mean kyle carters tuff Tuamotu, French Polynesia The Pacific Ocean contains an estimated 20,000 to 30,000 islands; the exact number has not been precisely determined. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

Self identification

In a 2002 poll by the Democratic Progressive Party, over 50% of the respondents considered themselves "Taiwanese" only, up from less than 20% in 1991 (Dreyer 2003). In a poll released in December 2006 by the Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF), 57% of people on Taiwan consider themselves to be Taiwanese. 23% Chinese and 20% both Chinese and Taiwanese (China Post, 2006). The sense of a collective Taiwanese identity has continued to increase despite fluctuations in support for pro-independence political parties. This has been cited as evidence that the concept of Taiwanese identity is not the product of local political manipulation, but an actual phenomenon of ethnic and sociopolitical identities (Corcuff 2002:137-149, 207; Hsiao 2003:157-170). Taiwan independence (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: , PeÌh-oÄ“-jÄ«: TÃ¢i-oÃ¢n ToÌk-liÌp Å«n-tÅng; abbreviated to å°ç¨, TÃ¡idÃº, TÃ¢i-toÌk) is a political movement whose goal is primarily to create an independent and sovereign Republic of Taiwan out of the... The Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; abbreviated to or ; Hanyu Pinyin: MÃnjÃ¬ndÇŽng) is a major political party in the Republic of China which has traditionally been associated with the pan-green coalition and Taiwan independence although it has moderated its stance as it has... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... The Straits Exchange Foundation (SEF) (海峽交流基金會) is a semi-official organization set up by the Republic of China government to handle technical or business matters with the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

History of the major socio-cultural groups

According to the Republic of China government, the majority of Taiwan's 23 million population consist of 98% Han Chinese (GIO 2004) with a minority Austronesian population of less than 500,000. Migration to Taiwan from southern Asia began approximately 12,000 B.C.E. but large scale migration to Taiwan did not occur until the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century as a result of political and economic chaos in China (Shepherd 1993; Bellwood 2000; Blust 1988). The first large scale migration occurred as a result of the Manchu invasion and conquest of China, overthrowing the Ming dynasty and establishing the Qing dynasty, which was established in 1644 and remained until 1911. For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... Languages Chinese languages Religions Predominantly Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, and atheism. ... The Austronesian languages are a family of languages widely dispersed throughout the islands of Southeast Asia and the Pacific, with a few members spoken on continental Asia. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s As a means of recording the passage of time, the 20th century was that century which lasted from 1901–2000 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar (1900–1999... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... The Manchu people (Manchu: Manju; Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: , Mongolian: ÐœÐ°Ð½Ð¶) are a Tungusic people who originated in Manchuria (todays Northeastern China). ... Ming China under the Yongle Emperor Capital Nanjing (1368-1421) Beijing (1421-1644) Language(s) Chinese Government Monarchy Emperor - 1368-1398 Hongwu Emperor - 1627-1644 Chongzhen Emperor History - Established in Nanjing January 23, 1368 - Fall of Beijing 1644 - End of the Southern Ming April, 1662 Population - 1393 est. ... Flag (1890-1912) Anthem Gong Jinou (1911) Territory of Qing China in 1892 Capital Shengjing (1636-1644) Beijing (1644-1912) Language(s) Chinese Manchu Mongolian Government Monarchy Emperor - 1636-1643 Huang Taiji - 1908-1912 Xuantong Emperor Prime Minister - 1911 Yikuang - 1911-1912 Yuan Shikai History - Establishment of the Late... // Events February to August - Explorer Abel Tasmans second expedition for the Dutch East India Company maps the north coast of Australia. ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

In 1624, the Dutch East India Company, with on the suggestion of the Ming Court, established an outpost in Tainan in southern Taiwan. The Dutch soon realized Taiwan's potential as a colony for trading deer hide, venison, rice, and sugar. However, aborigines were not interested in developing the land and transporting settlers from Europe would be too costly. Due to the resulting labor shortage, the Dutch opted to hire Han farmers from across the Taiwan Strait (Andrade 2006). Migration of male laborers from Fujian steadily increased into the 18th and 19th century. In time, this migration and the gradual removal of ethnic markers(coupled with the acculturation, intermarriage and assimilation of plains aborigines with the Han) resulted in the wide spread adoption of Han patterns of behavior making Taiwanese Han the ethnic majority. Events January 24 - Alfonso Mendez, appointed by Pope Gregory XV as Prelate of Ethiopia, arrives at Massawa from Goa. ... This article is about the trading company. ... Tainan is the name of a city and a county in southwestern Taiwan. ... Leg of venison on apple sauce with dumplings and vegetables Venison is meat of the family Cervidae. ... Taiwan Strait Area The Taiwan Strait or Formosa Strait is a 180km-wide Strait between mainland China and the island of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiÃ n) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ... Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...

It was not until the Japanese arrival in 1895 that Taiwanese first developed a collective Taiwanese identity in contrast to that of the colonizing Japanese (Morris 2002). When the Chinese Civil War broke out between Kuomintang nationalists and the Chinese communists in 1945, there was another mass migration of people from China to Taiwan fleeing the communists. These migrants are known as the Mainlanders. The descendants of Hoklo, Hakka and plains aborigines who have lived together on Taiwan for over four hundred years and have come to be known as benshengren, or native Taiwanese. This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... Combatants Nationalist Party of China Communist Party of China Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 4,300,000 (July 1946) 3,650,000 (June 1948) 1,490,000 (June 1949) 1,200,000 (July 1946) 2,800,000 (June 1948) 4,000,000 (June 1949) The Chinese Civil War... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China, a position guaranteed by the countrys constitution. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Mainlanders are Chinese people who live, or were born, in mainland China as opposed to Hong Kong, Macao, Singapore, or Taiwan. ...

Aborigines

Taiwanese Aborigines or Aboriginal peoples (Chinese: 原住民; Pinyin: yuánzhùmín; Wade-Giles: yüan2-chu4-min2; Taiwanese Pe̍h-oē-jī: gôan-chū-bîn, literally "original inhabitants") are the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. Their ancestors are believed to have been living on the islands for approximately 8,000 years before major Han Chinese immigration began in the 1600s (Blust 1999). Taiwan's Austronesian speakers were traditionally distributed over much of the island's rugged central mountain range and concentrated in villages along the alluvial plains. Today, the bulk of the contemporary Taiwanese Aborigine population reside in the mountains and the major cities. The total population of Aborigines on Taiwan is around 458,000 as of January 2006, (CIP 2006) which is approximately 2% of Taiwan's population. The cities of Yilan, Hualien, and Taitung are known for their aboriginal communities. In the 1990s several groups of recognized indigenous tribes, which had traditionally viewed themselves as separate, united under the singular ethnonym '原住民' or 'Aborigines' (Stainton 1999). Download high resolution version (1200x856, 336 KB)Photo taken 12/89 by Jeremy Kemp in Lona Village, Taiwan, ROC. File links The following pages link to this file: Taiwanese aborigine Categories: Free use images ... Download high resolution version (1200x856, 336 KB)Photo taken 12/89 by Jeremy Kemp in Lona Village, Taiwan, ROC. File links The following pages link to this file: Taiwanese aborigine Categories: Free use images ... Total population 2006: 458,000 (CIP 2006) 2004: 454,600 (CIP 2004) Homelands in Taiwan Mountainous terrain running in five ranges from the northern to the southern tip of the island Narrow eastern plains Orchid Island (LÃ¡n YÇ”) Languages 14 living Formosan languages. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... Taiwanese (peÌh-oÄ“-jÄ«: TÃ¢i-oÃ¢n-oÄ“ or TÃ¢i-gÃ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is a variant of Amoy Min Nan Chinese spoken by about 70% of Taiwans population. ... Indigenous peoples are: Peoples living in an area prior to colonization by a state Peoples living in an area within a nation-state, prior to the formation of a nation-state, but who do not identify with the dominant nation. ... Languages Chinese languages Religions Predominantly Taoism, Mahayana Buddhism, traditional Chinese religions, and atheism. ... Many inventions and institutions are created, including Hans Lippershey with the telescope (1608, used by Galileo the next year), the newspaper Avisa Relation oder Zeitung in Augsburg, and Cornelius Drebbel with the thermostat (1609). ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... Yilan City (宜蘭市), commonly and historically spelled Ilan or I-lan (Wade-Giles), is the capital of Yilan County in the Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. ... Hualien City (Traditional Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hua-lien shih; POJ: Hoa-liÃ¢n-chhÄ«) is the capital of Hualien County, Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. ... Taitung is the name of a county and its municipal seat in Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

Hoklo

The Hoklo communities in Taiwan originated from male laborers from Fujian (hired by the Dutch), some of whom married into Lowland Taiwanese aborigine communities. Official statistics show that aborigines make-up less than 2% of Taiwan's population, they are often referring to those citizens who the government identifies as aborigines and may not reflect actual identification or hybridity. There are fragmented populations of lowland aborigines who still acknowledge their identity and heritage throughout Taiwan. Others have assimilated to a degree where their descendants speak Taiwanese and identify with the Hoklo majority, and it is possible to find families where the older members still identify themselves as lowland aborigine, while the rest of the family may identify as Hoklo. The Hoklo (Chinese: ç¦ä½¬, æ²³æ´›, é¶´ä½¬; Hanyu Pinyin: ; POJ: HÅ-lÃ³; native pronunciation /Holo/) are an ethnic-cultural group originating in southeast China (Fujian province), and now form a sizeable diaspora, particularly in such places as Taiwan and Malaysia A slang term in Hong Kong (å¸ä½¬, é¶´ä½¬) for Hokkien-speaking people, or those with Hokkien... (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiÃ n) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... A Rukai village Chief visiting the Department of Anthropology in Tokyo Imperial University during the Japanese rule. ... The Hoklo (Chinese: ç¦ä½¬, æ²³æ´›, é¶´ä½¬; Hanyu Pinyin: ; POJ: HÅ-lÃ³; native pronunciation /Holo/) are an ethnic-cultural group originating in southeast China (Fujian province), and now form a sizeable diaspora, particularly in such places as Taiwan and Malaysia A slang term in Hong Kong (å¸ä½¬, é¶´ä½¬) for Hokkien-speaking people, or those with Hokkien... The Hoklo (Chinese: ç¦ä½¬, æ²³æ´›, é¶´ä½¬; Hanyu Pinyin: ; POJ: HÅ-lÃ³; native pronunciation /Holo/) are an ethnic-cultural group originating in southeast China (Fujian province), and now form a sizeable diaspora, particularly in such places as Taiwan and Malaysia A slang term in Hong Kong (å¸ä½¬, é¶´ä½¬) for Hokkien-speaking people, or those with Hokkien...

Hakka

The Taiwanese Hakka communities, although arriving to Taiwan from Eastern Guangdong and the mountains of Fujian, have also likely mixed through intermarriage with lowland aborigines as well. Hakka family trees are known for identifying the male ancestors by their ethnic Hakka heritage while leaving out information on the identity of the female ancestors. Also, during the process of intermarriage and assimilation, many of the lowland aborigines and their families adopted Hoklo and Hakka family names. Much of this happened in Taiwan prior to the Japanese occupation of Taiwan, so that by the time of the Japanese colonization, most of the population that the Japanese classified as "Chinese" Hoklo and "Chinese" Hakka were in truth already of mixed ancestry. Physical features of both Taiwanese aborigine and Chinese can be found amongst the Taiwanese mainstream today.It is also believed by many scholars that the Hakka of Taiwan are mainly the descendants of Hakka assimilated ethnic Shi people from the mountainous area between Fujian and Guangdong, with linguistic relations to Min nan speakers (Norman 1988). This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Guangdong, often spelt as Kwangtung, is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiÃ n) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Hoklo (Chinese: ç¦ä½¬, æ²³æ´›, é¶´ä½¬; Hanyu Pinyin: ; POJ: HÅ-lÃ³; native pronunciation /Holo/) are an ethnic-cultural group originating in southeast China (Fujian province), and now form a sizeable diaspora, particularly in such places as Taiwan and Malaysia A slang term in Hong Kong (å¸ä½¬, é¶´ä½¬) for Hokkien-speaking people, or those with Hokkien... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Hoklo (Chinese: ç¦ä½¬, æ²³æ´›, é¶´ä½¬; Hanyu Pinyin: ; POJ: HÅ-lÃ³; native pronunciation /Holo/) are an ethnic-cultural group originating in southeast China (Fujian province), and now form a sizeable diaspora, particularly in such places as Taiwan and Malaysia A slang term in Hong Kong (å¸ä½¬, é¶´ä½¬) for Hokkien-speaking people, or those with Hokkien... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A Rukai village Chief visiting the Department of Anthropology in Tokyo Imperial University during the Japanese rule. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

Mainlander

The descendants of mainlanders (sometimes called the "New Taiwanese") settled first within the heart of large urban centers in Taiwan such as Taipei, Taichung, or Kaohsiung. High numbers of government officials and civil servants who followed the KMT to Taiwan and occupied the positions of the colonial government moved into the official dormitories and residences built by the Japanese for civil servants. The ghettoization of mainlander communities exacerbated the divisions imagined by non-mainlander groups, and stymied cultural integration and assimilation into mainstream Taiwanese culture (Gates 1981). Nationalization campaigns undertaken by the KMT established an official "culture", which reflected the KMT government's own preference for what it considered authentic Chinese culture. This excluded many of the local Taiwanese practices and local cultures, including the diverse cultures brought to Taiwan by the mainlanders from all parts of China (Wachman 1994). Unlike, the Hoklo and Hakka of Taiwan, who felt excluded by the new government, the mainlanders and their families supported the nationalists and embraced the official "culture" as their own, with "national culture" being taught in school (Wilson 1970). The mainlanders used their embrace of Nationalist culture to identify themselves as the authentic Chinese people of Taiwan. People identifying themselves as "mainlanders" can now be found in all parts of Taiwan, and through government agriculture and construction campaigns of the 1960s, "mainlander" communities or mixed marriage communities have been established in the high mountains and along the east coast. Mainlanders are those humans who live, or were born, in a mainland. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... The Hoklo (Chinese: ç¦ä½¬, æ²³æ´›, é¶´ä½¬; Hanyu Pinyin: ; POJ: HÅ-lÃ³; native pronunciation /Holo/) are an ethnic-cultural group originating in southeast China (Fujian province), and now form a sizeable diaspora, particularly in such places as Taiwan and Malaysia A slang term in Hong Kong (å¸ä½¬, é¶´ä½¬) for Hokkien-speaking people, or those with Hokkien... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Mainlanders are those humans who live, or were born, in a mainland. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

Genetic studies

Both Chinese and Taiwanese nationalists have often tried to validate their political claims based on biology and implied ancestry. Despite the advancement of genetic research and diaspora studies of human populations around the globe, there is no clear evidence to suggest any correlation between genetic or biological similarities or differences, and political or national identities.

The Hoklo and Hakka linguistic groups, which statistically make up the majority of Taiwan's population, can trace some of their historical cultural roots to Minnan- and Hakka-speaking peoples come from what is now China, predominantly the southern provinces of Fujian and Guangdong. The observation that the most common human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype among these two groups has also been found to be the most common haplotype among Thai Chinese and Singapore Chinese suggests that this haplotype is the most well-conserved ancient haplotype of the Yueh (Lin 2001). Much of the original migrations from China were largely male, so there was considerable intermarriage with local plains aboriginal groups. The human leukocyte antigen typing study and mitochondrion DNA analysis performed in recent years show that more than 88% of the native Taiwanese population have some degree of aboriginal origin (Sim 2003). The lack of a definite genetic record of plains aborigines, or conclusive understanding of their proto-Austronesian roots, further complicates the use of genetic data (Blust 1988). A study of the depletion of Asian and Pacific Islanders demonstrates a noticeable difference between Han in China and on Taiwan (Stone 2000:351-357). A Mahalanobis generalized distance survey of 29 male groups categorized Taiwanese as a separate subgroup of Northern Asian different from Shanghai, Nanjing and Hangzhou, associating Taiwanese closer to groups from Hainan, Korea, Ainu and Atayal (Pietrusewsky 2000:400-409). Mǐn Nán (Chinese: 閩南語), also spelt as Minnan or Min-nan; native name Bân-lâm-gú; literally means Southern Min or Southern Fujian and refers to the local language/dialect of southern Fujian province, China. ... Hakka (Simplified Chinese: å®¢å®¶è¯, Traditional Chinese: å®¢å®¶è©±, Pronunciation in Hakka: Hak-ka-fa/-va, Pinyin: KÃ¨jiÄhuÃ ) is a spoken variation of the Chinese language spoken predominantly in southern China by the Hakka ethnic group and descendants in diaspora throughout East and Southeast Asia and around the world. ... (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiÃ n) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Guangdong, often spelt as Kwangtung, is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... HLA region of Chromosome 6 The human leukocyte antigen system (HLA) is the name of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC). ... The Thai Chinese is a group of overseas Chinese born in Thailand. ... Chinatown was an enclave for the early Chinese immigrants in Singapore in the 19th and early 20th centuries. ... Yue (Traditional Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: YÃ¼eh4; also seen as Yueh, Yuet, Viá»‡t) refers to ancient semi-Sinicized or non-Sinicized Chinese peoples of southern China, originally those along the eastern coastline of present-day Zhejiang province and Shanghai. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... HLA region of Chromosome 6 The human leukocyte antigen system (HLA) is the name of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC). ... Electron micrograph of a mitochondrion showing its mitochondrial matrix and membranes In cell biology, a mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) (from Greek Î¼Î¹Ï„Î¿Ï‚ or mitos, thread + Ï‡Î¿Î½Î´ÏÎ¹Î¿Î½ or khondrion, granule) is a membrane-enclosed organelle, found in most eukaryotic cells. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... // Han in China Chinese (æ¼¢), an abbreviation or adjectival modifier for things Chinese. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ... In statistics, Mahalanobis distance is a distance measure introduced by P. C. Mahalanobis in 1936. ... A woman with a child of Atayal using a machine to make clothes, 1900 The Atayal (æ³°é›…), also known as the Tayal and the Tayan, are one tribe of the Taiwanese aborigines. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

Famous Taiwanese people

This is a list of famous Taiwanese people, mainlanders are indicated by an asterisk (*, notation incomplete). ... Chen Shui-bian, President of the Republic of China Chen Shui-bian (ch. ... The Presidential Building is located in Zhongzheng District, Taipei City. ... Takeshi Kaneshiro (Japanese and Chinese: é‡‘åŸŽæ¦, Hepburn: Kaneshiro Takeshi, Pinyin: JÄ«nchÃ©ng WÇ”), (born October 11, 1973) is a male actor and model. ... Ang Lee (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) (born October 23, 1954) is an Academy-Award winning film director from Taiwan. ... Academy Award The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are the most prominent and most watched film awards ceremony in the world. ... ... Cho-Liang Lin (Chinese: æž—æ˜äº®, born 1960) is a Taiwanese-American violinist who is renowned for his appearances as a soloist with major orchestras. ... Chien-Ming Wang, born March 31, 1980 in Tainan County, Taiwan, is a starting pitcher for the New York Yankees in Major League Baseball. ... MLB and Major Leagues redirect here. ... Major league affiliations American League (1901â€“present) East Division (1969â€“present) Current uniform Retired Numbers 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 8, 9, 10, 15, 16, 23, 32, 37, 44, 49 Name New York Yankees (1913â€“present) New York Highlanders (1903-1912) Baltimore Orioles (1901-1902) (Also referred to as... Jerry Yang Chih-Yuan (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; born November 6, 1968) is a Taiwanese American entreprenuer, [2] co-founder with David Filo and CEO of Yahoo! Inc. ... Yahoo! Inc. ...

Notes

Peng Ming-min(Taiwanese: PhÃªâ¿ BÃªng-bÃn; å½æ˜Žæ•, pinyin: PÃ©ng MÃngmÇn) (born August 15, 1923) is a noted Taiwan independence activist and politician. ... A Taste of Freedom is the fifth episode of the fourth production season of Futurama. ... This article is about the people of Taiwan. ...

References

is the 88th day of the year (89th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era. ...

Contents

Definitions of Taiwanese

The history of Taiwanese identity

Japanese era

Kuomintang era

Democratic era

New Taiwanese

Multicultural future

Self identification

History of the major socio-cultural groups

Aborigines

Hoklo

Hakka

Mainlander

Genetic studies

Famous Taiwanese people

Notes

References

See also

External links

Contents

Definitions of Taiwanese GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

The history of Taiwanese identity

Japanese era

Kuomintang era

Democratic era

New Taiwanese

Multicultural future

Self identification

History of the major socio-cultural groups

Aborigines

Hoklo

Hakka

Mainlander

Genetic studies

Famous Taiwanese people

Notes

References

See also

External links

Definitions of Taiwanese