An F/A-18 Hornet takes off from the USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63).

An easyJet Airbus A319 takes off.

Takeoff is the phase of flight in which an aircraft goes through a transition from moving along the ground (taxiing) to flying in the air, usually on a runway. For balloons, helicopters and some specialized fixed-wing aircraft (VTOL aircraft such as the Harrier), no runway is needed. Takeoff is the opposite of landing. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2100x1391, 309 KB) 050817-N-3488C-028 Pacific Ocean (Aug. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2100x1391, 309 KB) 050817-N-3488C-028 Pacific Ocean (Aug. ... The McDonnell Douglas (now Boeing) F/A-18 Hornet is a modern all-weather carrier-capable strike fighter jet, designed to attack both ground and aerial targets. ... The supercarrier, USS Kitty Hawk (CV-63), formerly CVA-63, is the second naval ship named after Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the site of the Wright brothers first flight. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2013x1409, 343 KB) An easyJet Airbus A319 (registration unknown) takes off from Bristol International Airport, Bristol, England. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2013x1409, 343 KB) An easyJet Airbus A319 (registration unknown) takes off from Bristol International Airport, Bristol, England. ... easyJet (LSE: EZJ) is a low cost airline officially known as easyJet Airline Company Limited, based at London Luton Airport. ... The Airbus A320 is a short to medium range commercial passenger aircraft manufactured by Airbus. ... For other uses, see Flight (disambiguation). ... Flying machine redirects here. ... A privately owned Sea Vixen taxis back from an air show flight, with wings folding as it moves. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A hot air balloon is prepared for flight by inflation of the envelope with propane burners. ... For other uses, see Helicopter (disambiguation). ... The Hawker Harrier, one of the famous examples of a plane with VTOL capability. ... See also BAE Sea Harrier The Hawker Siddeley Harrier and the AV-8A are the first generation of the Harrier series, a successful close-support and reconnaissance fighter aircraft with V/STOL capabilities. ... MyTravel Airways Airbus A320 landing Landing is the last part of a flight, where a flying animal or aircraft returns to the ground. ...

Power settings

For light aircraft, full power is used during takeoff. Large transport category (airliner) aircraft will usually use a derated power takeoff, where less than full power is applied, with unneeded power held in reserve in case of emergency. Before takeoff, the engines, particularly piston engines, are routinely run up at high power to check for engine-related problems. The aircraft is permitted to accelerate to rotation speed (often referred to as V_r). The term rotation is used because the aircraft pivots around the axis of its main landing gear while still on the ground, usually due to manipulation of the flight controls to make this change in aircraft attitude. General aviation (abbr. ... Transport category is a category of airworthiness applicable to large civil airplanes and large civil helicopters. ... Components of a typical, four stroke cycle, DOHC piston engine. ... This article is about rotation as a movement of a physical body. ... Main and nosewheel undercarriage of a Qatar Airways Airbus A330 The undercarriage or landing gear is equipment which supports an aircraft when it is not flying. ... Aircraft flight controls allow a pilot to adjust and control the aircrafts flight attitude. ... Aircraft attitude is used to mean two closely related aspects of the situation of an aircraft in flight. ...

The nose is raised to a nominal 5°–20° nose up pitch attitude to increase lift from the wings and effect liftoff. For most aircraft, attempting a takeoff without a pitch-up would require cruise speeds while still on the runway. Flight dynamics is the science of air and space vehicle orientation and control in three dimensions. ... For other uses, see Wing (disambiguation). ...

A hot air balloon takes off from Royal Victoria Park, Bath, England.

Fixed-wing aircraft designed for high-speed operation (such as commercial jet aircraft) have difficulty generating enough lift at the (comparatively) low speeds encountered during takeoff. These are therefore fitted with high-lift devices, often including slats and usually flaps, which increase the camber of the wing, making it more effective at low speed, thus creating more lift. These are deployed from the wing prior to takeoff, and retracted during the climb. They can also be deployed at other times, such as prior to landing. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1712x2288, 317 KB) A hot air balloon lifts off in the evening, from Royal Victoria Park, Bath, England. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (1712x2288, 317 KB) A hot air balloon lifts off in the evening, from Royal Victoria Park, Bath, England. ... This article is about hot air balloons themselves. ... In Bath it was open by the Queen Victotia herself ... , Bath is a small city in Somerset, England most famous for its historic baths fed by three hot springs. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Jet aircraft are aircrafts with jet engines. ... In aircraft design, high-lift devices are a variety of mechanisms intended to add lift during certain portions of flight. ... Slats are small aerodynamic surfaces on the leading edge of an airplane wing which, when deployed, allow the wing to operate at a higher angle of attack. ... Flaps are hinged surfaces on the trailing edge of an airplane wing which, when deployed, increase the lift (and drag) of a wing by changing the camber of the airfoil. ... Camber may refer to: Camber, East Sussex, a seaside resort in England, near to Camber Sands. ...

The speeds needed for takeoff are relative to the motion of the air (indicated airspeed). A headwind will reduce the ground speed needed for takeoff, as there is a greater flow of air over the wings. Typical takeoff air speeds for jetliners are in the 130–155 knot range (150–180 mph, 250–290 km/h). Light aircraft, such as a Cessna 150, take off at around 55 knots (63 mph, 100 km/h). Ultralights have even lower takeoff speeds. The takeoff speed is directly proportional to the aircraft weight; the heavier the weight, the greater the speed needed^{[citation needed]}. Some aircraft specifically designed for short takeoff and landing can take off at speeds below 40 knots (74 km/h), and can even become airborne from a standing start when pointed into a sufficiently strong wind. Aircraft display an Indicated Airspeed (abbreviated IAS) on an instrument called an airspeed indicator. ... The wind that hits an aircraft in the front. ... A knot is a unit of speed abbreviated kt or kn. ... Cessna 150s produced before 1964, such as this 1962 Cessna 150B, had square fins and no rear window A 1965 Cessna 150E. The 1964 model 150D and the 150E had an Omni-Vision rear window, but retained the square fin of the earlier 150 1965 Cessna 150E 1967 Cessna F150G... Ultralight aviation is a segment of aviation that is permitted in the United States of America by the FAA as long as certain weight, speed, and fuel capacity restrictions are observed. ... STOL is an acronym for Short Take-Off and Landing, used in the aircraft industry to describe airplanes with very short runway requirements. ...

Speed required

The takeoff speed required varies according to factors such as air density, aircraft gross weight, and aircraft configuration (flap and/or slat position, as applicable). Air density, in turn, is affected by factors such as field elevation and air temperature. This relationship between temperature, altitude, and air density can be expressed as a density altitude, or the altitude in the International Standard Atmosphere at which the air density would be equal to the actual air density. The density of air, ρ (Greek: rho) (air density), is the mass per volume of Earths atmosphere, and is a useful value in aeronautics. ... For other uses, see Temperature (disambiguation). ... Altitude is the elevation of an object from a known level or datum. ... Density altitude is the altitude in the International Standard Atmosphere at which the air density would be equal to the actual air density at the place of observation. ... The International Standard Atmosphere (ISA) is a model of the standard variation of pressure, temperature, density, and viscosity with altitude in the Earths atmosphere. ...

Pilots of large multi-engine aircraft calculate a decision speed (V₁) for each takeoff that dictates action to be taken in case an engine fails. This speed is determined not only by the above factors affecting takeoff performance, but by the length of the runway and any peculiar conditions, such as obstacles off the end of the runway. Below V₁, the takeoff is aborted; above V₁ the pilot continues the takeoff and returns for landing. After the co-pilot calls V₁, he/she will call V_r or "rotate," marking speed at which to rotate the aircraft. The V_r for transport category aircraft is computed such that three seconds after rotation is initiated the aircraft is in the liftoff attitude and at the liftoff speed. Then, V₂ (the safe climb speed) is called. This speed must be maintained to meet performance targets for rate of climb and angle of climb.

Bulgarian-registered Wizz Air Airbus A320-200 takes off at London Luton Airport, England

In a single-engine or light twin-engine aircraft, the pilot calculates the length of runway required to take off and clear any obstacles, to ensure sufficient runway to use for takeoff. A safety margin can be added to provide the option to stop on the runway in case of a rejected takeoff. In most such aircraft, any engine failure results in a rejected takeoff as a matter of course, since even overrunning the end of the runway is preferable to lifting off with insufficient power to maintain flight. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1927x1304, 1986 KB) Whizz Air Airbus A320-200 (LZ-WZA) leaves the ground at London Luton Airport, Bedfordshire, England. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1927x1304, 1986 KB) Whizz Air Airbus A320-200 (LZ-WZA) leaves the ground at London Luton Airport, Bedfordshire, England. ... The Airbus A320 family of short-to-medium range commercial passenger aircraft are manufactured by Airbus S.A.S.. Family members include the A318, A319, A320, and A321, as well as the ACJ business jet. ... London Luton Airport (IATA: LTN, ICAO: EGGW) (previously called Luton International Airport)[3] is an international airport located on the edge of the town of Luton, Bedfordshire, England approximately north of London. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... A rejected takeoff or RTO is the situation in which it is decided to abort the takeoff of an airplane. ...

If an obstacle needs to be cleared, the pilot climbs at the speed for maximum climb angle (V_x), which results in the greatest altitude gain per unit of horizontal distance travelled. If no obstacle needs to be cleared, or after an obstacle is cleared, the pilot can accelerate to the best rate of climb speed (V_y), where the aircraft will gain the most altitude in the least amount of time. Generally speaking, V_x is a lower speed than V_y, and requires a higher pitch attitude to achieve.

A Beechcraft 1900 lifting off from Nelson Airport in New Zealand.

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 123 pixelsFull resolution (8733 × 1347 pixels, file size: 2. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 123 pixelsFull resolution (8733 × 1347 pixels, file size: 2. ... The Beechcraft 1900 Beechliner is a 19-passenger, pressurized twin-engine turboprop airplane manufactured by the Beechcraft Division of the Raytheon Company (now Hawker Beechcraft}. It was designed as and is primarily used as a regional airliner. ... Nelson Airport, (IATA: ZNL, ICAO: CZNL), is located in Nelson, British Columbia, Canada. ...

Gliders

Gliders take off using a variety of methods (see gliding), but most commonly they use winching-launching or towing behind another aircraft, most often a light aircraft. For other uses, see Glider (disambiguation). ... A modern glider crossing the finish line of a competition at high speed. ... Modern self-tailing winch on a sailing boat. ... General aviation (abbr. ...

See also

• Cruise

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