Part of History of Thailand.
Prehistoric Thailand
Early history of Thailand
Initial states of Thailand (3 BC-1238) Suvarnabhumi Funan Dvaravati Lavo Singhanavati Pan Pan Raktamaritika Langkasuka Srivijaya Tambralinga
Sukhothai Kingdom (1238-1448 )
Ayutthaya Kingdom (1351-1767)
Thonburi Kingdom (1768-1782)
Rattanakosin Kingdom (1782-1932)
Kingdom of Thailand 1932 - 1973 1973 - present
Regional history Hariphunchai Lanna Nakhon Si Thammarat Isan
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Location of Malayu peninsula

Tambralinga is one part of Thai history. It is an ancient Thai kingdom located on the Malayu Peninsula which influenced much of the Srivijaya kingdom. This name has been forgotten for long time until the scholar exposes the Tambralinga is the previous name of Nakorn Sri Dharmaraj. Records of the beginning are scarce while estimations range from the 7^th to 14^th centuries. The kingdom ceased to exist around 700. Tambralinga firstly sent tribute to the emperor of Tang dynasty in 616. In Sanskrit, tambra means "red" and linga means "Siva", but also "phallus".
By the end of the 12^th century, Tambralinga had become independent of Srivijaya kingdom. Its rapid rise to prominence since the 13^th century till the beginning of 14^th century, Tambralinga had occupied the entire Malayu Peninsula and become one of the dominant Southeast Asian states. By the end of the 14^th century, Tambralinga had become a part of Siam (Thailand now a day) as Nakorn Sri Dharmaraj Kingdom. The previous theory often been proposed, the history of Thailand begins with the migration of the Thais from their ancestral home in southern China into mainland southeast asia around the 10th century AD. Prior to this Mon, Khmer and Malay kingdoms ruled the region. ... Map of Thailand highlighting the Bangkok province File links The following pages link to this file: Bangkok Categories: GFDL images ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1600x1200, 576 KB) Photographer: Paul Brockmeyer from Chicago, USA Title: Grand Palace Description: The square building in the middle is the Phra Mondop, the library in the Wat Phra Kaeo, the Thai buddhist temple attatched to the Grand Palace in Bangkok. ... Prehistoric Thailand may be traced back as far as 1,000,000 years ago from the fossils and stone tools found in northern and western Thailand, an archaeological site in Lampang, northern Thailand. ... The known early history of Thailand begins with the earliest major archaeological site at Ban Chiang; dating of artefacts from this site is controversial, but there is a consensus that at least by 3600 BC, the inhabitants had developed bronze tools and had begun to cultivate wet rice, providing the... Prior to the southwards migration of the Tai people from Yunnan in the 10th century, the Indochina peninsula had been a home to various indigenous animistic communities for as far back as 500,000 years ago. ... Suvarnabhumi is ancient name for lower Burma or the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia. ... Tây SÆ¡n Dynasty (1778–1802) Nguyá»…n Dynasty (1802–1945) French Indochina (1887–1954) Empire of Vietnam (1945) North-South Division During The Indochina Wars (1945–1975) Democratic Republic of Vietnam State of Vietnam Republic of Vietnam Republic of South Vietnam Socialist Republic of Vietnam (from 1976) List... The Dvaravati kingdom of the Mon people existed from the 6th to the 11th centuries, when it was conquered by the Khmer Empire. ... Location of Thailand Known as Lavo during most of its history, Lopburi province is one of the most important cities in Thai history. ... The ancient Lanna society of the northern Thailand is considered more progressive than societies in other regions of the same period in that the Lanna people recorded their history and social development. ... A call of pan-pan is a very urgent message concerning the safety of a ship, aircraft or other vehicle, or persons on board who require immediate assistance. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Chi Tu. ... Langkasuka (-langkha Sanskrit for resplendent land -sukkha of bliss) was apparently the oldest kingdom on the Malay peninsula. ... Map of Southeast Asia at end of 12th century. ... The Sukhothai kingdom was a kingdom in the north of Thailand around the city Sukhothai. ... The kingdom of Ayutthaya (Thai: ) was a Thai kingdom that existed from 1350 to 1767. ... Thon Buri (Thai: ธนบุรี) was the capital of Thailand for a short time during the reign of King Taksin the Great, after the ruin of capital Ayutthaya by the Myanmar. ... This article or section cites very few or no references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The history of Thailand since 1973 has been marked by a struggle to define the political contours of the state. ... Hariphunchai (or Haribhunjaya) was a Mon kingdom in the north of present Thailand in the centuries before the Thais moved into the area. ... Lanna (English One Million Thai Rice Fields, Thai: ) was a kingdom in the north of Thailand around the city of Chiang Mai. ... Nakhon Si Thammarat (Thai นครศรีธรรมราช) is a town in southern Thailand, capital of the Nakhon Si Thammarat province. ... The history of Isan has been determined by its geography: situated between Cambodia, Laos and Thailand, it has been dominated by each in turn, although its relative infertility meant it was more often a battleground than a prize. ... Image File history File links Map of SE Asia with the Malay Peninsular highlighted. ... Image File history File links Map of SE Asia with the Malay Peninsular highlighted. ... The previous theory often been proposed, the history of Thailand begins with the migration of the Thais from their ancestral home in southern China into mainland southeast Asia around the 10th century AD. Prior to this Mon, Khmer and Malay kingdoms ruled the region. ... Anthem Phleng Chat Royal anthem Phleng Sansoen Phra Barami Capital (and largest city) Bangkok1 Official languages Thai Government Military Junta and Monarchy  -  Head of State HM King Bhumibol Adulyadej  -  Prime Minister General Surayud Chulanont  -  President of the Council of National Security General Sonthi Boonyaratglin Formation  -  Sukhothai kingdom 1238–1368   -  Ayutthaya... The Malay Peninsula or Thai-Malay Peninsula (Malay: Semenanjung Tanah Melayu) is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia. ... Map of Southeast Asia at end of 12th century. ... This article is about the town Nakhon Si Thammarat. ... Linga worship (Estate of Cynthia and Harlen Welsh) Lingam or Linga is the Sanskrit word for mark. ... This article is about the Hindu God. ... For the country formerly called Siam see Thailand SIAM is an acronym for Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. ... Nakhon Si Thammarat (Thai นครศรีธรรมราช) is a town in southern Thailand, capital of the Nakhon Si Thammarat province. ...

Tambralinga in records

References to a country named Poling appear in Chinese chronicles from the Tang period (618-907) down to the early Ming period (1368-1644). They had sent tribute in 640, 648, 818, 860 and 873. Many scholars identify Poling with Maling and Danmaling was one of the member-states of San-Fo-Shih (Srivijaya in Chinese language) in the central part of the Malayu Peninsula or now a day the southern Thailand. Consequently, Poling may also be equated to Javaka in Sri Lankan materials, Savaka in Tamil inscriptions, Zabaj and Zabaka in Arabic records, Tambralingam and Tambralingarath (Rath - country) that appear in Indian sources. Map of Southeast Asia at end of 12th century. ... The Malay Peninsula (Malay: Semenanjung Tanah Melayu) is a major peninsula located in Southeast Asia. ... Southern Thailand is a distinct region of Thailand, connected with the Central region by the narrow Kra Isthmus. ... Reference to the Sri Lankan materials, king Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja is one of Javakan kings from Tambralinga kingdom, one the kingdoms in the prehistory period of Thai history, who had invaded Sri Lankan in 1247. ... Reference to the Sri Lankan materials, king Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja is one of Javakan kings from Tambralinga kingdom, one the kingdoms in the prehistory period of Thai history, who had invaded Sri Lankan in 1247. ...

Sundial in Thyme garden 17 June 2007 at 12:21.

Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2576 × 1932 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (2576 × 1932 pixel, file size: 1. ... Reference to the Sri Lankan materials, king Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja is one of Javakan kings from Tambralinga kingdom, one the kingdoms in the prehistory period of Thai history, who had invaded Sri Lankan in 1247. ... Reference to the Sri Lankan materials, king Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja is one of Javakan kings from Tambralinga kingdom, one the kingdoms in the prehistory period of Thai history, who had invaded Sri Lankan in 1247. ... Nakhon Si Thammarat (Thai นครศรีธรรมราช) is a town in southern Thailand, capital of the Nakhon Si Thammarat province. ...

Location of Tambralinga

An artist impression of I-Tsing 义净(635～713), Tang dynasty Buddhist monk.

Although geographic location of Holing has been never mentioned in the reports of the pilgrims who had visited the kingdom, there are several reasons that suggest a location on Thai southern coast, which is precisely where the Greek astronomer Claudius Ptolemy said that the main port city of Takola Emporium was located during the 1^st century. Image File history File links Yi_Jing. ... Image File history File links Yi_Jing. ...

References to the Tang’s Chronicles (618-907), at Holing on the day of the summer solstice (June), an eight-foot vertical stake of sundial would cast a shadow that was around two feet long at the time of local noon that fell to the south side of the stake. By this information some scholars can determine that Holing was located at the latitude of 6 degrees, 8 minutes north. The only part of Southeast Asia that reaches this particular latitude is located in the central part of southern Thailand above the Equator. China under the Tang Dynasty (yellow) and its sphere of influence Capital Changan (618–904) Luoyang (904-907) Language(s) Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy Emperor  - 618-626 Emperor Gaozu  - 684, 705-710 Emperor Zhongzong  - 684, 710-712 Emperor Ruizong  - 904-907 Emperor Ai History  - Li Yuan... Illumination of Earth by the sun on the northern hemisphere summer solstice The summer solstice is an astronomical term regarding the position of the sun in relation to the celestial equator. ... Wall sundial-a vertical direct south dial Wall sundial in Warsaws Old Town- a vertical south west decliner dial A sundial is a device that measures time by the position of the Sun. ... Latitude,usually denoted symbolically by the Greek letter phi, , gives the location of a place on Earth north or south of the equator. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Southern Thailand is a distinct region of Thailand, connected with the Central region by the narrow Kra Isthmus. ...

In 671, the Chinese eminent monk I-Tsing had a journey to seek the Pali Canon in India. After sailing for twenty days, his ship arrived in Fo-Shih, the capital of Srivijaya Buddhist kingdom, where he
"...landed and stayed six months, gradually learning the Sanskrit grammar. The king gave me some support and sent me to the country of Moloyu ...." ... Standard edition of the Thai Pali Canon The Pali Canon is the standard scripture collection of the Theravada Buddhist tradition. ... Look up Malay in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

According to his record, Holing and Foshih were on nearly the same latitude but Holing was due east of the city of Foshih at a distance that could be spanned by a four- or five-day journey by sea while Moloyu was at a distance of fifteen-day journey by sea and had a location near to the Equator. World map showing the equator in red In tourist areas, the equator is often marked on the sides of roads The equator marked as it crosses Ilhéu das Rolas, in São Tomé and Príncipe. ...

An inscription by Rajaraja Chola I at the Brihadisvara temple in Thanjavur.

Tambralinga was mentioned again in Tanjore inscription stone. At Brihadisvara temple in Thanjavur, the ancient city of Ta njore in Tamil Nadu are inscriptions dating from 1030 which mentions the victory of Rajendra Chola I over the Southeastern countries of Srivijaya kingdom. The countries that Rajendra Chola I conquered were 13 countries including Madamalingam (or Tambralingam).
This inscription mentions the name of Srivisayam as the capital of the kingdom and Mevilimbangam (assumed Palembang) is another city. From Jue-Tang-Chu and Sin-Tang-chu chronicles in Ming period (1368-1644) described the location of San-Fo-Shih (Srivijaya) that
"the west bordering To-Po-Teng, the north bordering Chen-La, the south bordering To-Mo-Sang island and east bordering Po-Li or Ma-Li".
The boudary of this country is explained as follow: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Detail of a statue of Rajaraja at Brihadisvara Temple Rajaraja Chola I was the king of the Chola dynasty, who ruled between 985 and 1014 CE. Rajaraja, the greatest of all the Chola rulers of the Vijayalaya dynasty, laid the foundation for the growth of the Chola kingdom into an... The Brihadisvara temple (also spelled Brahadeeswarar temple) is an ancient Hindu temple located at Thanjavur in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. ... , “Tanjore” redirects here. ... Thanjavur, also known as Tanjore, is a city in Tamil Nadu, in southeastern India. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... Rajendra Chola I was the son of Rajaraja Chola I, the great Chola king of South India. ... Ming China under the Yongle Emperor Capital Nanjing (1368-1421) Beijing (1421-1644) Language(s) Chinese Government Monarchy Emperor  - 1368-1398 Hongwu Emperor  - 1627-1644 Chongzhen Emperor History  - Established in Nanjing January 23, 1368  - Fall of Beijing 1644  - End of the Southern Ming April, 1662 Population  - 1393 est. ... Map of Southeast Asia at end of 12th century. ...

These clear evidences confirm the location of Srivijaya and Tambralinga are in the southern Thailand and Tambralinga is at the east of Srivijaya. Therefore Srivijaya in 14^th century has certainly located in the Southern Thailand not Sumatra or Java as some scholars try to present the Palembang or Java vicinity theory. Chenla, known from Chinese records as Zhenla （真腊）, was an early Khmer kingdom. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... This article is about the town Nakhon Si Thammarat. ... Mueang Trang ( Thai: , also Mueang Thap Thiang ( Thai: ) is the capital district ( Amphoe Mueang ) of Trang Province, Thailand. ... Tambon (Thai: ตำบล) is a local government unit in Thailand. ... Trang (also Muang Thap Thiang, Thai ตรัง) is the one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand, at the western shore of the Andaman Sea. ... Southern Thailand is a distinct region of Thailand, connected with the Central region by the narrow Kra Isthmus. ... Temasek (Sea Town in Javanese, spelt Tumasik; Simplified Chinese: ) was the name of an early city on the site of modern Singapore. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... Location of Palembang Palembang is a city in the south of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ...

Golden age

Chedi Phrae Boromadhatu

According to the inscription no.24 found at wat Hua-wieng (Hua-wieng temple) in Chaiya near to Nakhon Si Thammaraj, the ruler of Tambralinga named Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja was the king of Patama vamsa (lotus dynasty). He began to reign in 1230, he had the Phrae Boromadhatu (chedi in Nakhon Si Thammaraj, from Sanskrit dhatu - element, component, or relic + garbha - storehouse or repository) reparation and celebration in the same year. Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja brought Tambralinga reached the pinnacle of its power in the mid-13^th century. From the Sri Lankan materials, this Chandrabhanu was a Javakan king from Tambralinga who had invaded Sri Lankan in 1247. His navy launched an assault on the southern part of the island but defeated by the Sri Lankan king. However Chandrabhanu was able to establish an independent regime in the north of the island, but in 1258 he was attacked and subjugated by Pandya. In 1262 Chandrabhanu launched another attack on the south of the island, his army strengthened this time by the addition of Tamil and Sinhalese forces, only to be defeated when Pandya sided with the Sri Lankan side; Chandrabhanu himself was killed in the fighting. Chandrabhanu’s son retained control over the northern kingdom, though subservient to Pandya, but this regime too had disappeared by the end of the 14^th century. In at least two senses, the rapid expansion of Tambralinga is exceptional in the history of Southeast Asia. In the first place, Candrabhanu’s invasion of Sri Lanka and occupation of the north of the island marks the only time that a Southeast Asian power has launched an overseas military expedition beyond the immediate Southeast Asian region. In the second place, in the historiography of Southeast Asia the southern Thailand has generally played a secondary role to that of places like Java, the Malacca Strait region (Srivijaya in the 7^th~8^th century, Melaka in the 15^th century), Cambodia, Champa, Vietnam, and Burma. Tambralinga’s sudden appearance on centre-stage in the 13^th century was thus highly unusual.
Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1100x1700, 126 KB) Chedi Phra Baromathat in Wat Mahatat, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1100x1700, 126 KB) Chedi Phra Baromathat in Wat Mahatat, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. ... Chaiya (Thai: ไชยา) is a small town in southern Thailand in Surat Thani province. ... The Great Stupa at Sanchi. ... The Great Stupa at Sanchi. ... Reference to the Sri Lankan materials, king Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja is one of Javakan kings from Tambralinga kingdom, one the kingdoms in the prehistory period of Thai history, who had invaded Sri Lankan in 1247. ... The Pandyan kingdom was an ancient state at the tip of South India, founded around the 6th century BCE. It was part of the Dravidian cultural area, which also comprised other kingdoms such as that of the Pallava, the Chera, the Chola, the Chalukya and the Vijayanagara. ... For other usage of this term see the disambiguation page Sri Lanka Tamils The Sri Lanka Tamils of Indian origin or Hill Country Tamils, Up-country Tamils or Indian Tamils are descended from indentured workers sent from South India to Sri Lanka in the 19th and 20th centuries to work... Languages Sinhala Religions Theravada Buddhism, Christianity, small groups of atheists, agnostics, Muslims, others Related ethnic groups Indo-Aryans, Dravidians, Veddahs, Bengalis The Sinhalese are the main ethnic group of Sri Lanka. ... Location of Southeast Asia // Prehistory Early Agricultural Societies Agriculture was a natural development based on necessity. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... Southern Thailand is a distinct region of Thailand, connected with the Central region by the narrow Kra Isthmus. ... Java (Indonesian, Javanese, and Sundanese: Jawa) is an island of Indonesia and the site of its capital city, Jakarta. ... The Straits of Malacca is a narrow stretch of water between Peninsular Malaysia (West Malaysia) and the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... State motto: Bersatu Teguh (Malay, United We Stand) Capital Malacca Town Governor Tun Datuk Seri Utama Mohd Khalil Yaakob Chief Minister Datuk Seri Haji Mohd Ali Mohd Rustam Area 1,650 km² Population  - Estimated 648,500 State anthem Melaka Maju Jaya This article is about a state in Malaysia. ... South East Asia circa 1100 C.E. Champa territory in green. ...

Declination

Map of Southeast Asia in 12^th century.

By the end of the 14^th century, Tambralinga had been submerged by the Sumatran kingdom of Malayu which, with the backing of Java. Finally, in 1365 Majapahit kingdom of Java recognized Nakorn Sri Dharmaraj as Siam. Despite its rapid rise to prominence in the 13^th century, that is, by the following century Danmaling, or Tambralinga, the former member state of Sanfoshih – Javaka, had become a part of Siam. Image File history File links SoutheastAsia1200Map. ... Image File history File links SoutheastAsia1200Map. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... Malay can mean: The Malay language The Malay people From or related to Malaysia See also Cape Malays Malay nationalism Communes that begin with Malay in Yonne, France: Malay-le-Grand Malay-le-Petit This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise... The Majapahit Empire was based in eastern Java and ruled much of the southern Malay Peninsula, Borneo, Sumatra, and Bali from about 1293 to around 1500. ... For the country formerly called Siam see Thailand SIAM is an acronym for Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. ... Reference to the Sri Lankan materials, king Chandrabhanu Sridhamaraja is one of Javakan kings from Tambralinga kingdom, one the kingdoms in the prehistory period of Thai history, who had invaded Sri Lankan in 1247. ... For the country formerly called Siam see Thailand SIAM is an acronym for Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. ...

Restoration

Northern Gate

The city chronicle already mentions a fortification when the town was refounded in 1278. The Ramkhamhaeng inscription of 1283 lists Nakorn Sri Dharmaraj as one of the tributary kingdoms of Sukhothai.
In the Palatinate law of King Boromatrilokanath dated 1468, Nakorn Sri Dharmaraj was listed as one of 8 great cities (Phraya maha nakhon) belonging to the Ayudhya.
During the reign of King Naresh Vorarajadhiraj the great period it became a first class province (Mueang Aek).
After the fall of Ayudhya, Nakorn Sri Dharmaraj enjoyed a short period of independence, but quickly subdued by King Taksin the great on his mission to reunite Siam. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1700x1100, 223 KB) Historic city wall of Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1700x1100, 223 KB) Historic city wall of Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand. ... Statue of King Ramkhamhaeng Ramkhamhaeng the Great (c. ... King Borommatrailokanat (often short Trailok, Thai สมเด็จพระบรมไตรโลกนาถ, 1431-1488) was king of Ayutthaya 1448-88. ... King Naresuan the Great (1555 - April 25, 1605, also sometimes called Naret or the Black Prince, Thai สมเด็จพระนเรศวรมหาราช) was king of Siam (today Thailand) from 1590 until his death in 1605. ... Mueang (Thai: ) or Muang (Lao ເມືອງ) were semi-independent city-states or principalities in present-day Thailand, Laos and the Shan State of Myanmar. ... Statue in Wat Welurachin, Thonburi Taksin the Great (Thai: ตากสินมหาราช; 鄭昭; pinyin: Zhèng Chāo; April 17, 1734 - April 7, 1782) was king of Thailand from 1767-1782. ...

Restorations were recorded at the time of King Ramesavara (1388-1395), as well as King Narayana (1656-1688) of Ayudhya kingdom. The latter one was supported by the French engineer M. de la Mare. Ramesuan (b. ... King Narai the Great (Son of Prasat Thong) (Thai: ; 1629 - July 11, 1688) became king of the Ayutthaya kingdom or Siam, todays Thailand, in 1656. ... Ayutthaya (also spelled Ayudhya or Ayuthia) refers to The old capital of Thailand, see Ayutthaya (city) The province around the city, Ayutthaya province The ruins of the old palace, see Ayutthaya historical park Ayutthaya kingdom as the period of Thai history (1365-1768) in which Ayutthaya was capital This is...

The walls spread 456 m. from East to West, and 2238 m. North to South, thus enclosing an area of about one square kilometre. The northern wall had only one gate, called Prathu Chai Nua or Prathu Chai Sak, also the southern wall had only one gate. To the east there were three gates, which connected the town with the sea. To the west were five gates. Today only the northern gate still exists, together with a short stretch of the northern city wall.

By the end of 19^th century, the Desabhipal reform of Prince Damrong Rajanubhab in the reign of King Rama V the great, the kingdom was finally fully absorbed into Siam. A new administrative entity named Mandala was created, each supervising several provinces. Nakorn Sri Dhamaraj mandala, established in 1896, covered those areas on the east coast of the peninsula, i.e. the provinces Songkhla, Nakorn Sri Dhamaraj and Phatthalung. HRH Prince Damrong Rajanubhab (Thai including his full title: สมเด็จพระเจ้าบรมวงศ์เธอ กรมพระยาดำรงราชานุภาพ) (June 21, 1862 – December 1, 1943) was the founder of the modern Thai education system as well as the modern provincial administration. ... King Chulalongkorn the Great or Rama V (royal name: Phra Chula Chomklao Chaoyuhua; Thai: ) (September 20, 1853 – October 23, 1910) was the fifth king of the Chakri dynasty of Thailand. ... A monthon (English circle, Thai มณฑล) was a subdivision of Thailand in the beginning of the 20th century. ... The Monthon Nakhon Si Thammarat (Thai มณฑลนครศรีธรรมราช) was an administrative subdivision of Thailand in the early 20th century. ... Songkhla (Thai: ) is the one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. ... Nakhon Si Thammarat (often in short Nakhon, Thai นครศรีธรรมราช) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand, at the eastern shore of the Gulf of Thailand. ... Phattalung (Thai พัทลุง) is one of the southern provinces (changwat) of Thailand. ...