The Tamil diaspora is a term used to denote people of Tamil Nadu and Sri Lankan Tamil origin who have settled in many parts of the rest of India and Sri Lanka, or in other regions, particularly Malaysia, Singapore, the Middle East, Réunion, South Africa, Mauritius, Fiji, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, French Caribbean islands, Europe, Australia and North America. Languages Tamil Religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism Related ethnic groups Dravidian people Brahui people Kannadigas Malayalis Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Gonds The Tamil people are a multi-ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. ... For other uses, see Diaspora (disambiguation). ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... see Sri Lankan Tamils ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... “West Indian” redirects here. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... North America North America is a continent[1] in the Earths northern hemisphere and (chiefly) western hemisphere. ...

Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... Hinduism (known as in modern Indian languages[1]) is a religious tradition[2] that originated in the Indian subcontinent. ... Christianity percentage by country, purple is highest, orange is lowest Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Jain and Jaina redirect here. ... The Dravidian Race is the name sometimes still given to the peoples of southern and central India and northern Sri Lanka who speak Dravidian languages, the best known of which are Tamil (தமிழ்), Telugu (తెలుగు), Kannada and Malayalam. ...

Early Migrations

Many are descendants of emigrants who left thousands of years ago and mixed with countless other ethnicities, while others are removed from Tamil Nadu by only few years ago. The Diasporas identity is rooted in an ancient heritage, a rich language and literature and a vibrant culture that many still retain. Many groups that claim descent from medieval era Tamil emigrants such as the Chittys of Malaysia, the Colombo Chetty of Sri Lanka, the dominant Vokkaliga, and the Hebbar Iyengars of Karnataka maintain their ancestral claims to Tamil Nadu in spite of being racially and linguistically different from present day mainstream Tamil People. Emigration is the action and the phenomenon of leaving ones native country to settle abroad. ... For the span of recorded history starting roughly 5,000-5,500 years ago, see Ancient history. ... Tamil ( ; IPA ) is a Dravidian language spoken predominantly by Tamils in India and Sri Lanka, with smaller communities of speakers in many other countries. ... Tamil literature is literature in the Tamil language which most prominently includes the contributions of the Tamil country (or Tamizhagam) history, a large part of which constitutes the modern state of Tamil Nadu and Kerala as well as some parts of Karnataka and Andra pradesh. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... The Chitty caretaker of the Chitty museum. ... // Origins Colombo Chetty are a formerly endogamous Sri Lankan social group or caste. ... The Vokkaligas are an Indian caste or social group found mainly in the Old Mysore Region of southern Karnataka state. ... Hebbar Iyengars are followers of Ramanujas philosophy preaching Vishishtadvaita. ... , Karnātakā   (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: ) is one of the four southern states of India. ... Languages Tamil Religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism Related ethnic groups Dravidian people Brahui people Kannadigas Malayalis Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Gonds The Tamil people are a multi-ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. ...

Another early emigrant group that is not well documented is the Tamil Muslims, generally known as Mamaks, who had emigrated in considerable numbers to the Sultanates of Malacca (in present day Malaysia) and were instrumental in spreading Islam amongst the indigenous Malays. They also migrated to Sri Lanka and fused with the Sri Lankan Muslim population, imparting their language and customs on the latter. Mamak, Ankara is a district of Ankara, Turkey. ... Mamak, Ankara is a district of Ankara, Turkey. ... State motto: Bersatu Teguh State anthem: Melaka Maju Jaya Capital Malacca Ruling party Barisan Nasional  - Yang di-Pertua Negeri Mohd Khalil Yaakob  - Ketua Menteri Mohd Ali Mohd Rustam History    - Malacca Sultanate 13th century   - Portuguese control 24 August 1511   - Dutch control 14 January 1641   - British control 17 March 1824   - Japanese occupation... Malays (Dutch, Malayo, ultimately from Malay: Melayu) are a diverse group of Austronesian peoples inhabiting the Malay archipelago and Malay peninsula in Southeast Asia. ... Mosque in Galle, Sri Lanka Muslims, who make up approximately 8 % of the population, comprise a group of minorities practicing the religion of Islam in Sri Lanka. ...

British and French indentured workers and others

Another stream of Tamils left during the British colonial period as indentured workers to the far flung corners of the British Empire. Their descendants are found in Malaysia, Burma, Singapore, South Africa, Mauritius, Fiji, Guyana and Trinidad in large numbers. The British Empire in 1897, marked in pink, the traditional colour for Imperial British dominions on maps. ...

Many also left to work in the possessions of the French Empire via its holdings in Pondicherry in Réunion and the French Caribbean islands of Martinique and Guadalupe. (See Malabars) The term French Empire can refer to: The First French Empire of Napoleon Bonaparte (1804 - 1814 or 1815) The Second French Empire of Napoleon III (1852 - 1870) The Second French Colonial Empire (1830 - 1960) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise... Map of Pondicherry Region, Union Territory of Pondicherry, India Pondicherry (Tamil:புதுவை,Hindi: पॉण्डिचेरी) is a Union Territory of India. ... Guadalupe (or Guadeloupe) may refer to: The Basilica of Guadalupe, Mexico City Guadalupe, a city part of the metropolitan area of Monterrey, Mexico Villa de Guadalupe, a former town near Mexico City Guadalupe, a village near Tecate, Baja California, Mexico Guadalupe, in Puebla, Mexico Guadalupe, in Zacatecas, Mexico Guadalupe, a... Malabars is a mistaken appellation in the nineteenth century led Westerners to designate all the people of South India (Tamils, Telugus, Malayalees and Kannadigas included) and its a term based on the Malabar region of present state of Kerala in India This term was applied by the Dutch to designate...

A small group was hired by the Dutch colonial government in Batavia or Indonesia to work in Sumatra (namely in Medan). Roughly about 40,000 (est.) descendants of these immigrants are still found in Medan. Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island in the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... Medan is the capital city of North Sumatra province, Indonesia. ...

Many independent Tamil merchant guilds such as the Nagarathar also left for these areas in an age old tradition of their ancestors who had traded in these areas for the last 2,000 years. The Nagarathars are a Chettiar Community that originated in Kaveripoompattinam under the Chola kingdom of India. ...

Britain also hired many Sri Lankan Tamils as clerical and other white collar workers, especially in Malaysia and Singapore. All these different streams have combined to create vibrant Tamil communities in these countries.

19th century dispersal of Tamils from India

In the 19th century, Tamils from India migrated to Singapore and Malaysia as army clerks and merchants. Languages Tamil Religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism Related ethnic groups Dravidian people Brahui people Kannadigas Malayalis Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Gonds The Tamil people are a multi-ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. ...

Back Flow from Sri Lanka and Burma

During and after the devastating WW2 a large number of Tamils and Indians from Burma fled to India, Manipur,^[1] and Tamil Nadu. They established Burmese refugee colonies that still exist today and maintain an identity as Burmese returnees. In Sri Lanka the Sinhalese nationalist UNP party disfranchised all Indian origin Hill Country Tamils and returned 600,000 back to India under the Srimavo-Shastri Pact signed between India and Sri Lanka. Many were repatriated to the Nilgiris region's tea estates. They too maintain a distinct identity as Ceylon returnees in Tamil Nadu. Black July and other pogroms has created another stream of Sri Lankan and Hill country Tamil refugees in India who have languished for the last 20 years in refugee camps throughout Tamil Nadu while many others have integrated with the mainstream community or left India for other countries in the west. Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki Tōjō Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000... , Manipur   (Bengali: মণিপুর, Meitei Mayek: mnipur) is a state in northeastern India making its capital in the city of Imphal. ... Languages Sinhala Religions Theravada Buddhism, Christianity, small groups of atheists, agnostics, Muslims, others Related ethnic groups Indo-Aryans, Dravidians, Veddahs, Bengalis The Sinhalese are the main ethnic group of Sri Lanka. ... Known properties Name, Symbol, Number dubnium, Db, 105 Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 5, 7 , d Appearance unknown; probably metallic, silvery white or gray Atomic weight [262] amu Electron configuration probably [Rn]5f14 6d3 7s2 e- s per energy level 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2 State... The Indian Tamils, Hill-country Tamils, Up-country Tamils or Indian origin Tamils are descended from indentured labourers sent from South India to Sri Lanka in the 19th and 20th centuries to work in coffee plantations there (and, after the collapse of coffee planting in Sri Lanka, in tea and... Nilgiri, which literally means Blue Mountain in various Indo-Aryan languages, can refer to: Nilgiris (mountains), a range of mountains panning across the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in Southern India Nilgiri, a mountain located in Balasore District of the state of Orissa in East India Nilgiris (mountains in... Location of Sri Lanka Black July is the commonly used name of the pogroms starting in Sri Lanka on July 23, 1983. ... Pogrom (from Russian: ; from громить IPA: - to wreak havoc, to demolish violently) is a form of riot directed against a particular group, whether ethnic, religious or other, and characterized by destruction of their homes, businesses and religious centers. ...

There is also a movement of Native SL tamils to India,some migrated to do white collared jobs during the British days,but there has been a much bigger diaspora today.

Post 1983 Dispersal of Sri Lankan Tamils

As noted there are two distinct groups. The Sri Lankan Tamil diaspora is less than 100 years old and was well established in Malaysia, Singapore and England prior to the post 1983 Black July induced dispersal of refugees and asylum claimants in India, Europe and Canada. Although relatively recent in origin, this subgroup had well established communities in these host countries prior to the 1983 pogroms. The Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora also known as Jaffnese diaspora and Ceylonese diaspora refers to the global diaspora of the people of Sri Lankan Tamil origin. ... Location of Sri Lanka Black July is the commonly used name of the pogroms starting in Sri Lanka on July 23, 1983. ... The Russian word pogrom (погром) refers to a massive violent attack on people with simultaneous destruction of their environment (homes, businesses, religious centers). ...

Most members of this subgroup consider its togetherness not just as a function of the past but also as a growing togetherness consolidated by struggle and suffering, given purpose and direction by the aspirations for a future where they and their children and their children's children may live in equality and freedom in an emerging Tamil Eelam. Area of Sri Lanka claimed for Tamil Eelam Political status Unrecognized state Languages      Tamil (de facto official) English Capital Trincomalee[1][2] Time zone UTC +5:30 Tamil Eelam (Tamil: தமிழ் ஈழம், tamiḻ īḻam) is the name given by Tamil separatists to the independent state to which they aspire in the Northern...

20th century dispersal of Tamils from India

In the second half of the 20th century, Tamils from India migrated as skilled professionals to the U.S., Europe and South East Asia. A sizeable population has settled in the Silicon Valley, where there are Tamil associations such as the Bay Area Tamil Manram.^[2]. Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... A view of downtown San Jose, the self-proclaimed Capital of Silicon Valley. ... Languages Tamil Religions Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Jainism Related ethnic groups Dravidian people Brahui people Kannadigas Malayalis Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Gonds The Tamil people are a multi-ethnic group from the Indian subcontinent with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. ...

Surnames used in the diaspora

• Govender- Used in South Africa
• Goundar - Used in Fiji
• Pulle/Pillai - Surname used in Sri Lanka, South Africa and Fiji
• Naidoo - Used in South Africa
• Naicker - Used in South Africa
• Moodley - Used in South Africa
• Padayachi - Used in South Africa , Fiji

Gounder may refer to: Gounder (title), a title or surname used by various castes in Tamil Nadu and in the Tamil diaspora Gounder, a prominent caste also known as Vellala Gounder or Kongu Vellalar in Tamil Nadu This is a disambiguation page: a list of articles associated with the same... The word Gounder is mainly used as a caste name by the Kongu Vellalars, a Kshatriya clan in Tamil Nadu, who are also called the Vellala Gounders. ... Pillai, Pillay, Pulle or Pilli is a popular title of Tamil and Malayalam speaking people of India and others living in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa, Fiji (See Tamil diaspora and Sri Lankan Tamils) Though it started as a Hindu title, today Pillais are found amongst Muslims and Christians... Pillai, Pillay, Pulle or Pilli is a popular title of Tamil- and Malayalam-speaking people of India and others living in Sri Lanka, Singapore, Malaysia, South Africa and Fiji, mostly from Vellalar and Nair communities. ... Naidu or Nayudu or Naidoo is a common title used by various caste groups of Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu. ... Naiker also Nayakar, Nayakkar, Naicker is title used by many Andhra Pradesh, Tamil nadu and Karnataka derived people in India and abroad in the Tamil diaspora. ... Mudaliars also Mudali, Moodley is a caste title used by people belonging to various castes originally from Tamil Nadu and in the Tamil diaspora. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

See also

• Ceylonese diaspora
• Indians in Singapore
• List of prominent Sri Lankan Tamils
• Malabars - Term used to describe Tamils in Reunion
• Indian South Africans

The Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora also known as Jaffnese diaspora and Ceylonese diaspora refers to the global diaspora of the people of Sri Lankan Tamil origin. ... Founded in 1827 in Chinatown, the Sri Mariamman Temple is Singapores oldest Hindu temple. ... This is a list of prominent Sri Lankan Tamils of native origin by their country of domicile or origin. ... Malabars is a mistaken appellation in the nineteenth century led Westerners to designate all the people of South India (Tamils, Telugus, Malayalees and Kannadigas included) and its a term based on the Malabar region of present state of Kerala in India This term was applied by the Dutch to designate... Indian South African is a compromise term for non-Europeans who arrived in South Africa from colonial India. ...

References

1. ^ http://www.webindia123.com/manipur/people/otherpeople2.htm
2. ^ http://www.bayareatamilmanram.org/eng/introduction.php

External links

• Tamil Diaspora - A Trans State Nation by Nadesan Satyendra
• History of Tamil Diaspora by V. Sivasupramaniam
• Diasporas support for Insurgencies a Rand report
• Brides as Bridges? Traditions, Marriage Markets and Tamil diaspora by Prof M. Sidharthan, Johns Hopkins University
• An over view of South Asian Diaspora an A university of Berkley Project
• Tamil accommodation in Reunion
• Tamils in French Polynesia
• Influence of Merchant Class on Mauritian Tamils
• Myanmar: A Neglected Area of Tamil Lexicography
• Stats on Tamil Migration from Sri Lanka
• Tamils in Brisbane
• Tamils in Sydney
• Tamil Community Forum
• Language in America