History of China
3 Sovereigns & 5 Emperors
Xia Dynasty
Shang Dynasty
Western Zhou				Zhou
Spring & Autumn			Eastern Zhou
Warring States
Qin Dynasty
Western Han				Han
Xin
Eastern Han
Three Kingdoms
Wei		Shu		Wu
Western Jin				Jin
Sixteen Kingdoms		Eastern Jin
Southern & Northern Dynasties
Sui Dynasty
Tang Dynasty (interrupted by Second Zhou)
Liao		5 Dynasties & 10 Kingdoms
		Northern Song		Song
Jin	Western Xia	Southern Song
Yuan Dynasty
Ming Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
Republic of China
People's Republic of China (1, 2, 3, 4)				Republic of China (Taiwan)
Timeline of Chinese history Dynasties in Chinese history Military history of China

The Tangut Empire (Chinese: 西夏; Hanyu Pinyin: Xī Xià; literally "Western Xia") was a state that existed from 1032 up to 1227 in what are now the northwestern Chinese provinces of Gansu, Shaanxi, and Ningxia. It was established in the 11th century by Tangut tribes who spoke Tangut. Occupying the area along the trade route between Central Asia and the West, the Tangut were neighbors to Northern China, controlled by Song China and, later on, the Jurchen Empire. Image File history File links History_of_China. ... China is one of the worlds oldest continuous major civilizations, with written records dating back 3,500 years. ... The Three August Ones and Five Emperors (Chinese: 三皇五帝; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: san-huang wu-ti) were mythological rulers of China during the period from 2500 BC to 2205 BC, which is the time preceding the Xia dynasty. ... The Xia Dynasty (Chinese: 夏朝; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsia-chao), ca. ... Shang Dynasty (Chinese: 商朝) or Yin Dynasty (殷代) (1600 BC - 1046 BC) is the first historic Chinese dynasty and ruled in the northeastern region of China proper. ... Alternative meaning: Zhou Dynasty (690 CE - 705 CE) The Zhou Dynasty (周朝; Wade-Giles: Chou Dynasty) (late 10th century BC to late 9th century BC - 256 BC) followed the Shang (Yin) Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty in China. ... It has been suggested that Zhou kings be merged into this article or section. ... The Spring and Autumn Period (Chinese: 春秋時代; pinyin: ) represented an era in Chinese history between 722 BC and 481 BC. The period takes its name from the Spring and Autumn Annals, a chronicle of the period whose authorship was traditionally attributed to Confucius. ... Alternative meaning: Zhou Dynasty (690 CE - 705 CE) The Zhou Dynasty (周朝; Wade-Giles: Chou Dynasty) (late 10th century BC to late 9th century BC - 256 BC) followed the Shang (Yin) Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty in China. ... Alternative meaning: Warring States Period (Japan) The Warring States Period (traditional Chinese: 戰國時代, simplified Chinese: 战国时代 pinyin Zhànguó Shídài) takes place from sometime in the 5th century BC to the unification of China by Qin in 221 BC. It is nominally considered to be the second part of the... The Qin Dynasty (秦朝 Pinyin Qín, Wade-Giles Chin; 221 BC - 207 BC) was preceded by the Zhou Dynasty and followed by the Han Dynasty in China. ... The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese characters: 漢朝, Simplified Chinese characters: 汉朝, pinyin Hàncháo 202 BC - AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ... Han commanderies and kingdoms AD 2. ... The Xin Dynasty (新朝, meaning New Dynasty) (8-23) was a dynasty (even though, contrary to the usual meaning of a dynasty, it had but one emperor) in Chinese history. ... The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese characters: 漢朝, Simplified Chinese characters: 汉朝, pinyin Hàncháo 202 BC - AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ... The Three Kingdoms period (Simplified Chinese: 三国; Traditional Chinese: 三國; Pinyin Sānguó) is a period in the history of China. ... Cao Wei (Simplified/Traditional Chinese: 曹魏; pinyin: Cáo Wèi), also known in English as the Kingdom of Wei (ch: 魏, py: wèi, wg: wei) (220-265) was one of the Three Kingdoms competing for control of China after the fall of the Han Dynasty. ... The Kingdom of Shu (蜀 shǔ) (221 – 263) was one of the Three Kingdoms competing for control of China after the fall of the Han Dynasty. ... Eastern Wu (Chinese: 東吳, pinyin: dōng wú), also known as Sun Wu (Traditional Chinese: 孫吳, pinyin: sÅ«n wú) and (misleadingly) in English as the Kingdom of Wu, refers to a historical state in a region of China. ... The Jin Dynasty (晉 pinyin jìn, 265-420) followed the Three Kingdoms and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. ... The Jin Dynasty (晉 pinyin jìn, 265-420) followed the Three Kingdoms and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. ... The Sixteen Kingdoms, or less commonly the Sixteen States, were a collection of numerous short-lived sovereignities in the China proper and neighboring areas from AD 304 to 439 after the retreat of the Jin Dynasty (265-420) to South China and before the establishment of the Northern Dynasties. ... The Jin Dynasty (晉 pinyin jìn, 265-420) followed the Three Kingdoms and preceded the Southern and Northern Dynasties in China. ... This article is about China. ... The Sui Dynasty (隋朝 Hanyu Pinyin: suí cháo, 581-618) followed the Southern and Northern Dynasties and preceded the Tang Dynasty in China. ... Also the name of a rock band. ... Wu Zetian (武則天) (625 - December 16, 705), personal name Wu Zhao (武曌), was the only female emperor in the history of China, founding her own dynasty, the Zhou (周), and ruling under the name Emperor Shengshen (聖神皇帝) from 690 to 705. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: 五代十國 Simplified Chinese: 五代十国 Hanyu pinyin: WÇ”dàishíguó) (907-960) was a period of political upheaval in China, between the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. ... Alternative meaning: Song Dynasty (420-479) The Song dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ... The Song Dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ... The Jin Dynasty (金 pinyin: JÄ«n 1115-1234; Anchu in Jurchen), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchen, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later. ... 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From a political point of view, the Peoples Republic of China had, for several decades, been known as the political entity that is often synonymous with Mainland China. ... // The rise of Deng Xiaoping Deng Xiaoping By carefully mobilizing his supporters within the Communist Party of China, Deng was able to out maneuver Maos named successor Hua Guofeng – who had previously pardoned him – and oust him from his leadership positions. ... // Recovery in the 1990s After the June 4th Incident, a large number of overseas Chinese students were granted political refuge almost unconditionally by foreign governments. ... // The Fourth Generation of Leaders and the 16th CPC Congress In November 2002 Jiang Zemin stepped down from the powerful Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China to make way for a younger fourth generation of leadership led by Hu Jintao. ... 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Shaanxi (Simplified Chinese: 陕西; Traditional Chinese: 陝西; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Shensi, pronounced like Shahn-shee) is a north-central province of the Peoples Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River as... Ningxia (Simplified Chinese: 宁夏; Traditional Chinese: 寧夏; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ning-hsia; Postal Pinyin: Ningsia) is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China, located on the northwest loess highland, the Yellow River flows through a vast area of its land. ... The Tangut, also known as the Western Xia were a Qiangic-Tibetan people who moved to the highlands of western Sichuan sometime before the 10th century AD. They spoke Tangut language a now-extinct Tibeto-Burman language. ... Tangut text example Tangut is the ancient Tibeto-Burman language spoken in the Tangut Empire. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Alternative meaning: Song Dynasty (420-479) The Song dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ... The Jin Dynasty (金 pinyin: JÄ«n 1115-1234; Anchu in Jurchen), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchen, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later. ...

Song China, Jin Empire, Dali and the Tangut Empire in 1142.

Created and copyright (2004) by Yu Ninjie. ... Created and copyright (2004) by Yu Ninjie. ... The Song Dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ... The Jin Dynasty (金 pinyin: Jīn 1115-1234; Anchu in Jurchen), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchen, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later. ... Dali (大理 pinyin: Dàlǐ) was a Bai kingdom centered in what is now Yunnan Province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Sutoku of Japan Emperor Konoe ascends to the throne of Japan Henry the Lion becomes Duke of Saxony Births Muin ad-Din Hasan, Indian Muslim saint Farid ad-Din Attar, Sufi mystic poet Deaths April 21 - Pierre Abélard, French scholastic philosopher (b. ...

Name

The Tanguts called their own state "phiow¹-bjij²-lhjij-lhjij²" which translates as "The Great State of the White and the Lofty". Since it was located in the west, the Chinese name is Xi-Xia (西夏), literally "Western Xia", and thus that name is often used in Sinological literature. The English name "Tangut" comes from the Mongolian name for the country Tangγud.

Foundations

After coming under military pressure from the Tibetan Empire some Tangut tribes submitted to Tang China under Emperor DeZong in 799. The Tanguts who submitted were moved to the Ordos region near Ningxia, whereas those who stayed, accepted Tibetan political dominance, and became known in Chinese as Mi-yao. Tibet (older spelling Thibet; Tibetan: བོད་, Bod, pronounced pö in Lhasa dialect; Chinese: 西藏, pinyin: XÄ«zàng or 藏区 ZàngqÅ« [the two names are used with different connotations; see Names section below]) is a region in Central Asia and the home of the Tibetan people. ... Also the name of a rock band. ... Emperor Tang Dezong (唐德宗李适 742-805), born Li Kuo, was the 9th emperor of the Tang dynasty of China. ... Ordos can refer to: the Ordos Desert in Inner Mongolia House Ordos, a fictional organisation appearing in Dune spin-offs This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Ningxia (Simplified Chinese: 宁夏; Traditional Chinese: 寧夏; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ning-hsia; Postal Pinyin: Ningsia) is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China, located on the northwest loess highland, the Yellow River flows through a vast area of its land. ...

The Tanguts remained loyal to the Tang during the revolt of Huang Chao, but established de-facto independence when Tang fell in 906. They retained their de-facto independence throughout the Five Dynasties period. During this period, their chieftain had the title of Dingnan Jiedushi and nominally remained under the Five Dynasties. Emperor Mingzong of Later Tang made an unsuccessful attempt to conquer Dingnan in 932 after believing incorrectly that Dingnan was about to enter an alliance with Liao. Events Births Deaths Categories: 906 ... Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms (Traditional Chinese: 五代十國 Simplified Chinese: 五代十国 Hanyu pinyin: Wǔdàishíguó) (907-960) was a period of political upheaval in China, between the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty. ... The Jiedushi of Dingnan (定難節度使) was Li Jiqian of 10th and 11th century China. ... Events Foundation of the St. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

The foundation of a Tangut state as such goes back to the year 982 under Li Deming (李德明). However, it would not be until 1038 that the Tangut chieftain Li Yuanhao (李元昊), Li Deming's son, who also ordered the creation of a Tangut writing system and the translation of Chinese classics into Tangut, named himself emperor, and demanded of Song emperor the recognition as an equal. The Song court accepted the recognition of Li Yuanhao as 'governor', but not like 'emperor', that title considered exclusive to the Song emperor. After intense diplomatic contacts, in 1043 the Tangut state accepted the recognition of the Song emperor as emperor in exchange for an annual tribute, which supposed a tacit recognition on the part of the Song of the military power of Tangut. This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... The Song Dynasty (Chinese: 宋朝) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ...

The Tanguts and the Mongols

The Mongol Empire campaigned six times against the Tanguts (1202, 1207, 1209-10, 1211-13, 1214-19, 1225-26).

In 1207 Li An-ch'uan submitted to the Mongols, and gave his daughter to Činggis Qaɣan (commonly known as Genghis Khan) in marriage. Li An-ch'uan abdicated, and then died, in 1211. â–¶ (help· info) (c. ...

The Mongols asked their allies and tributaries for military aid in the campaign against the Islamic countries, although the Tangut emperor Li Zunxu was willing, his court and in particular his general Aša-gambu recommended against it. When Činggis Qaɣa returned from his campaign the new emperor Li Dewang pled with him, but the general Aša-gambu challenged Činggis. The emperor Dewang died during the fighting and was succeeded by Li Xian, the last of the Tangut rulers. Li Xian sued for peace, which was accepted, but he was then executed by Tolui the son of Činggis, and the Tangut state was fully incorporated into Mongolian administration. (cf. Kwanten 1974) Tolui (also rendered Toluy, 1190–1232) was the youngest son of Genghis Khan by Börte. ...

Rulers of the Tangut Empire

Temple names (Traditional Chinese: 廟號 Simplified Chinese: 庙号 Pinyin: miào hào;), are commonly used when naming most Chinese, Vietnamese (such dynasties as Tran,Anterior Lê and Nguyen Dynasty) and most Korean rulers of the Goryeo and Joseon Dynasties. ... A posthumous name (Traditional Chinese: 諡號/謚號 Simplified Chinese: 谥号; Pinyin: shì hào; Romaji: shigō/tsuigō; Revised Romanization of Korean: siho) is a honorary name given to royalty in some cultures posthumously, that is, after the persons death. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Emperor Yizong of Western Xia Emperor of the Western Xia from 1048-1067. ... Huizong was Emperor of Western Xia (1067-1086). ... Emperor Xixia Chongzong of Western Xia (西夏崇宗), or Li Qianshun (李乾順)1, was a Tangut emperor of Western Xia (one of the four kingdoms that made up China, along with Song dynasty, Liao dynasty and Jin Empire) from 1086 until 11392. ... Emperor Renzong, born Li Renxiao, was the 5th emperor of the Western Xia dynasty (1140-1193). ... Emperor Huanzong of Western Xia lived from 1177 to 1206 and reigned from 1193 to 1206. ... Emperor Xiangzong of Western Xia lived from 1170 to 1211, and reigned from 1206 to 1211. ... Shenzong was emperor of Western Xia from 1211 to 1223 Categories: China-related stubs ... Emperor Xianzong of Western Xia lived from 1181 to 1226. ... Emperor Modi of Western Xia was the last emperor of Western Xia and reigned from 1226 to 1227. ...

References

Kwanten, Luc. "Chingis Kan's Conquest of Tibet, Myth or Reality". Journal of Asian History 8.1 (1974): 17-23.

See also

• History of China
• Ethnic groups in Chinese history