The tank landing ship (LST, for "Landing Ship, Tank") was created during World War II to support amphibious operations by carrying significant quantities of vehicles, cargo, and landing troops directly onto an unimproved shore. More than a thousand of these ships were laid down in the United States during WWII. Eighty were built in UK and Canada to a modified design and known as LST (3). Combatants Allies: Poland, British Commonwealth, France/Free France, Soviet Union, United States, China, and others Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan, and others Casualties Military dead: 17 million Civilian dead: 33 million Total dead: 50 million Military dead: 8 million Civilian dead: 4 million Total dead: 12 million World War II... Landing ship Rapière Amphibious warfare is the assault of an objective located on land by a force attacking from ships. ... Landing is a military operation aimed at a bringing the landing force (landing troops) to a shore or to land with the purpose of power projection ashore/landside by forces coming from ships/aircraft and able to fight. ...

Introduction

The British evacuation from Dunkirk in 1940 demonstrated to the Admiralty that the Allies needed relatively large, ocean-going ships capable of shore-to-shore delivery of tanks and other vehicles in amphibious assaults upon the continent of Europe. As an interim measure, three medium-sized tankers, built to pass over the restrictive bars of Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela, were selected for conversion because of their shallow draft. Bow doors and ramps were added to these ships which became the first tank landing ships, LST (1). They later proved their worth during the invasion of Algeria in 1942, but their bluff bows made for inadequate speed and pointed up the need for an all-new design incorporating a sleeker hull. Evacuation at Dunkirk, June 1940. ... 1940 (MCMXL) was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1940 calendar). ... Old Admiralty House, Whitehall, London, Thomas Ripley, architect, 1723-26, was not admired by his contemporaries and earned him some scathing couplets from Alexander Pope The Admiralty was historically the authority in the United Kingdom responsible for the command of the Royal Navy. ... A map showing the location of Lake Maracaibo. ... Combatants United States United Kingdom Free French Germany Vichy France Commanders Dwight Eisenhower François Darlan Strength 73,500 ? Casualties 479+ dead 720 wounded 1346+ dead 1997 wounded Operation Torch was the Anglo-American invasion of French North Africa in World War II during the North African Campaign, started November... This article is about the year. ...

At their first meeting at the Argentia Conference in August 1941, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Prime Minister Winston Churchill confirmed the Admiralty's views. In November 1941, a small delegation from the Admiralty arrived in the United States to pool ideas with the Navy's Bureau of Ships with regard to development of the required ship. During this meeting, it was decided that the Bureau of Ships would design these vessels. The specification called for vessels capable of crossing the Atlantic and the original title given to them was "Atlantic Tank Landing Craft" (Atlantic (T.L.C.)). Calling a vessel 300ft long a "craft" was considered a misnomer and the class was re-christened "Landing Ship, Tank (2)". LST (2). FDR redirects here; for other uses, see FDR (disambiguation). ... Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, KG, OM, CH, TD, FRS, PC (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was a British politician, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations around the globe. ... The United States Navys Bureau of Ships (BuShips) was established by Congress on June 20, 1940, by a law which consolidated the functions of the Bureau of Construction and Repair and the Bureau of Engineering. ...

Normandy Invasion, June 1944 LST-325 (left) and LST-388 unloading while stranded at low tide. Note: propellers, rudders and other underwater details of these LSTs; 40 mm single guns; "Danforth" style kedge anchor at LST-325's stern.

LST-742 on 13 October 1950 at Wolmi-Do Island, Inchon Harbor, loading supplies for the upcoming Woson invasion.

Within a few days, John Niedermair of the Bureau of Ships sketched out an awkward looking ship that proved to be the basic design for the more than 1,000 LST (2) which would be built during World War II. To meet the conflicting requirements of deep draft for ocean travel and shallow draft for beaching, the ship was designed with a large ballast system that could be filled for ocean passage and pumped out for beaching operations. The rough sketch was sent to Britain on 5 November 1941 and accepted immediately. The Admiralty then requested the United States to build 200 LST (2) for the Royal Navy under the terms of lend-lease. Download high resolution version (740x610, 88 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (740x610, 88 KB) Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Download high resolution version (740x620, 134 KB)picture of LST-742 beached in 1950; http://www. ... Download high resolution version (740x620, 134 KB)picture of LST-742 beached in 1950; http://www. ... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film) 1941 (MCMXLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1941 calendar). ... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the senior service of the British armed services, being the oldest of its three branches. ... The Lend-Lease program was a program of the United States during World War II that allowed the United States to provide the Allied Powers with war material without becoming directly involved in the war. ...

The preliminary plans initially called for an LST 280 feet (85 m) in length; but, in January 1942, the Bureau of Ships discarded these drawings in favor of specifications for a ship 290 feet long. Within a month, final working plans were developed which further stretched the overall length to 328 feet (100 m) and called for a 50-foot (15 m) beam and minimum draft of 3.8 feet (1.2 m). This scheme distributed the ship's weight over a greater area enabling her to ride higher in the water when in landing trim. The LST could carry a 2,100-ton (1,900 t) load of tanks and vehicles. The larger dimensions also permitted the designers to increase the width of the bow door opening and ramp from 12 to 14 feet (3.7 to 4.3 m) and thus accommodate most Allied vehicles. Provisions were made for the satisfactory ventilation of the tank space while the tank motors were running, and an elevator was provided to lower vehicles from the main deck to the tank deck for disembarking. By January 1942, the first scale model of the LST had been built and was undergoing tests at the David Taylor Model Basin in Washington, D.C. This article is about the year. ... The David Taylor Model Basin is one of the largest ship model basins — test facilities for the development of ship design — in the world. ... This article is the current U.S. Collaboration of the Week. ...

Production LST (2)

In three separate acts dated 6 February 1942, 26 May 1943, and 17 December 1943, Congress provided the authority for the construction of LSTs along with a host of other auxiliaries, destroyer escorts, and assorted landing craft. The enormous building program quickly gathered momentum. Such a high priority was assigned to the construction of LSTs that the keel of an aircraft carrier, previously laid in the dock, was hastily removed to make place for several LSTs to be built in her stead. The keel of the first LST was laid down on 10 June 1942 at Newport News, Va., and the first standardized LSTs were floated out of their building dock in October. Twenty-three were in commission by the end of 1942. A Destroyer Escort (DE) is classification for a small, comparatively slower warship designed to be used to escort convoys of merchant marine ships, primarily of the United States Navy in WWII. It is usually employed primarily for anti-submarine warfare, but also some protection against aircraft and smaller attack vessels... Landing craft Rapière LCU 1656 departs USS Bataan (LHD-5) well deck during Hurricane Katrina relief operations. ... An aircraft carrier is a warship designed to deploy and recover aircraft—in effect acting as a sea-going airbase. ... June 10 is the 161st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (162nd in leap years), with 204 days remaining. ... This article is about the year. ... Newport News, Hampton, Portsmouth and Norfolk, Virginia from space, July 1996 (Newport News is seen in the lower left quadrant) Newport News is an independent city located in Virginia. ...

The LST building program was unique in several respects. As soon as the basic design had been developed, contracts were let and construction was commenced in quantity before the completion of a test vessel. Preliminary orders were rushed out verbally or by telegrams, telephone, and air mail letters. The ordering of certain materials actually preceded the completion of design work. While many heavy equipment items such as main propulsion machinery were furnished directly by the Navy, the balance of the procurement was handled centrally by the Material Coordinating Agency—an adjunct of the Bureau of Ships—so that the numerous builders in the program would not have to bid against one another. Through vigorous follow-up action on materials ordered, the agency made possible the completion of construction schedules in record time.

The need for LSTs was urgent, and the program enjoyed a high priority throughout the war. Since most shipbuilding activities were located in coastal yards and were largely used for construction of large, deep-draft ships, new construction facilities were established along inland waterways. In some instances, heavy-industry plants such as steel fabrication yards were converted for LST construction. This posed the problem of getting the completed ships from the inland building yards to deep water. The chief obstacles were bridges. The Navy successfully undertook the modification of bridges and, through a "Ferry Command" of Navy crews, transported the newly constructed ships to coastal ports for fitting out. The success of these "cornfield" shipyards of the Middle West was a revelation to the long-established shipbuilders on the coasts. Their contribution to the LST building program was enormous. Of the 1,051 LSTs built during World War II, 670 were constructed by five major inland builders.

By 1943, the construction time for an LST had been reduced to four months; and, by the end of the war, it had been cut to two months. Considerable effort was expended to hold the ship's design constant; but, by mid-1943, operating experience led to the incorporation of certain changes in the new ships. These modifications included: the replacing of the elevator by a ramp from the main deck to the tank deck, an increase in armament, and the addition of a distilling plant to make potable water. The main deck was strengthened to accommodate a fully-equipped landing craft tank (LCT). The Landing craft tank was an amphibious assault ship for landing tanks on beachheads, used by the U.S. Navy in World War II, and afterwards under different designations in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. ...

Design and Production LST (3)

So successful had been the design and production of LST (2), described above, and so much needed were such vessels for British operations, that it was decided to build a further 80 of them in UK and Canada to be available in the Spring of 1945. Two major problems made redesign necessary. The locomotive type diesel engines were not available and welding facilities were scarce. Staff wanted more power and higher speeds if possible. The only engines available were very heavy steam reciprocating engines designed for frigates and delivering two and a half times the power of the diesels. So large were they, that significant changes had to be made to accommodate them. At the same time some other improvements were made as well as simplifications needed to allow for rivetting most of the structure. The cutaway hard chine which had been dropped in the American version of the design of the Mark 2 vessels was restored. The tank deck, which was above the waterline, was made parallel to the keel, there was no round down to the upper deck, the ship was enlarged to accommodate the more bulky machinery. The beaches for which these vessels were designed were known to be very flat and it was not feasible to design a satisfactory vessel with a 3 ft draught forward and a flat keel. So the one in fifty keel slope was retained and heavy skegs were added to enable cargo to be discharged when fully grounded. Provision was made for carrying Landing Craft Assault (LCA) in gravity davits instead of American assault craft. Provision was made for carrying Landing Craft Tank (LCT) and Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM), and NL pontoon causeways. The ships were fitted out for service in very cold and tropical conditions. The accommodation provided for both crew and army personnel was greatly improved compared with LST (2). The main hazard, apart from enemy action, was fire on the tank deck. Sprinklers were provided but the water drenching system, installed in later American vessels could not be provided. The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine; more specifically, a compression ignition engine, in which the fuel is ignited by the high temperature of a compressed gas, rather than a separate source of energy (such as a spark plug). ... Welding is a fabrication process that joins materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, by causing coalescence. ... Components of a typical, four stroke cycle, DOHC piston engine. ... Sailing frigates were 4th, 5th, or 6th-rated ships in the rating system of the Royal Navy. ... A chine is a steep sided river valley where the river flows through coastal cliffs to the sea. ... A fer is a large beam around which the hull of a ship is built. ... The Landing Craft Assualt (LCA) was the British and Commonwealth landing craft of the Second World War. ... The Landing craft tank was an amphibious assault ship for landing tanks on beachheads, used by the U.S. Navy in World War II, and afterwards under different designations in the Korean War and the Vietnam War. ... The Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM) was a landing craft designed for carrying vehicles. ...

Orders were placed in December 1943, 45 to be built in UK and 35 in Canada. The first ship was delivered by Swan Hunter in December 1944. A repeat order was placed for a further 36 to be built in Canada. The war ended before this programme was completed. Swan Hunter, formerly known as Swan Hunter & Wigham Richardson, is one of the best known shipbuilding companies in the United Kingdom. ...

Service in World War II

From their combat debut in the Solomon Islands in June 1943 until the end of the hostilities in August 1945, the LSTs performed a vital service in World War II. They participated in the invasions of Sicily, Italy, Normandy, and southern France in the European Theater and were an essential element in the island-hopping campaigns in the Pacific which culminated in the liberation of the Philippines and the capture of Iwo Jima and Okinawa. 1943 (MCMXLIII) is a common year starting on Friday. ... Husky was also the codename of Australian military support to Sierra Leone ending in February 2003. ... The Battle of Normandy was fought in 1944 between the German forces occupying Western Europe and the invading Allies. ... A map of the operation. ... Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini // Preceding events Main articles: Events preceding World War II in Europe, Causes of World War II After Germany was defeated in World War I, the Treaty of Versailles placed punitive conditions on the country, including significant financial reparations, the loss of territory (some only temporarily... The Battle of Leyte in the Pacific campaign of World War II was the invasion and conquest of Leyte in the Philippines by Allied forces under the command of General Douglas MacArthur between October 20 and December 31, 1944. ... Combatants United States Empire of Japan Commanders Holland Smith Tadamichi Kuribayashi† Strength 70,000 22,000 Casualties 7,000 dead, 19,000 wounded 21,000 dead, 1083 captured The Battle of Iwo Jima was fought between the United States and Imperial Japan during February and March of 1945, during the... Template:Infobox Military conflict The Battle of Okinawa, fought on the island of Okinawa in the Ryukyu Islands (south of the four big islands of Japan), was the largest amphibious assault during the Pacific campaign of World War II. It was also the largest sea-land-air battle in history...

LST-742 underway during the 1950s

The LST proved to be a remarkably versatile ship. A number of them were converted to become landing craft repair ships (ARL). In this design, the bow ramp and doors were removed, and the bow was sealed. Derricks, booms, and winches were added to haul damaged landing craft on board for repairs, and blacksmith, machine, and electrical workshops were provided on the main deck and tank deck. Download high resolution version (740x615, 169 KB)LST-742 underway during the 1950s; http://www. ... Download high resolution version (740x615, 169 KB)LST-742 underway during the 1950s; http://www. ...

Another successful conversion was the LST "Mother Ship". This version of the standard LST hull had two Quonset huts erected on the main deck to accommodate 40 officers. Bunks on the tank deck berthed an additional 196 men. A bake shop and 16 refrigeration boxes for fresh provisions augmented the facilities normally provided the crew. Four extra distilling units were added, and the ballast tanks were converted for storage of fresh water. A typical Quonset hut A Quonset hut is a lightweight prefabricated structure of corrugated steel having a semicircular cross section. ...

Thirty-eight LSTs were converted to serve as small hospital ships. They supplemented the many standard LSTs which removed casualties from the beach following the landing of their cargo of tanks and vehicles. For example, on D-Day, LSTs brought 41,035 wounded men back across the English Channel from the Normandy beaches. Other LSTs, provided with extra cranes and handling gear, were used exclusively for replenishing ammunition. They possessed a special advantage in this role, as their size permitted two or three LSTs to go simultaneously alongside an anchored battleship or cruiser to accomplish replenishment more rapidly than standard ammunition ships. In the latter stages of World War II, some LSTs were even fitted with flight decks from which small observation planes were sent up during amphibious operations. It has been estimated that, in the combined fleets assembled for the war on Japan, the tonnage of landing ships, excluding landing craft, would have exceeded 5 million tons and nearly all built within four years. Land on Normandy In military parlance, D-Day is a term often used to denote the day on which a combat attack or operation is to be initiated. ... Satellite view of the English Channel The English Channel (French: La Manche, IPA: , the sleeve), also for some time known in England as the British Sea, is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean that separates the island of Great Britain from northern France, and joins the North Sea to the... Mont Saint Michel, one of the famous symbols of Normandy. ... HMS Victory in 1884. ... USS Port Royal, a Ticonderoga-class guided missile cruiser, launched in 1994. ... The only atomic weapons ever used in war - the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan by the United States on August 9, 1945, effectively ending World War II. The bombs over Hiroshima (August 6) and Nagasaki immediately killed over 120,000 people. ...

Throughout the war, LSTs demonstrated a remarkable capacity to absorb punishment and survive. Despite the sobriquet, "Large Slow Target", which was applied to them by irreverent crew members, the LSTs suffered few losses in proportion to their number and the scope of their operations. Their brilliantly conceived structural arrangement provided unusual strength and buoyancy (e.g. LST 3002). Although the LST was considered a valuable target by the enemy, only 26 were lost due to enemy action, and a mere 13 were the victims of weather, reef, or accident. A total of 1,152 LSTs were contracted for in the great naval building program of World War II, but 101 were cancelled in the fall of 1942 because of shifting construction priorities. Of 1,051 actually constructed, 113 LSTs were transferred to Britain under the terms of Lend-Lease, and four more were turned over to the Greek Navy. Conversions to other ship types with different hull designations accounted for 116. HMS LST 3002 had a short but interesting career which demonstrated the robustness of her design and construction. ... Hellenic Navy Jack The Hellenic Navy, (Greek: Πολεμικό Ναύτικο), is the naval force of the modern nation of Greece (Hellenic Republic). ...

Post war developments

The end of World War II left the Navy with a huge inventory of amphibious ships. Hundreds of these were scrapped or sunk, and most of the remaining ships were put in "mothballs" to be preserved for the future. Additionally, many of the LSTs were demilitarized and sold to the private sector, along with thousands of other transport ships, contributing to a major downturn in shipbuilding in the United States following the war. World War II era LSTs have become somewhat ubiquitous, and have found a number of novel commercial uses, including operating as small freighters, ferries, and dredges. The Pride of Burgundy, a P&O Ferries car ferry on the Dover-Calais route A ferry is a boat or a ship carrying passengers, and sometimes their vehicles, on scheduled services. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

Consequently, construction of LSTs in the immediate post-war years was modest. LST-1153 and LST-1154, commissioned respectively in 1947 and 1949, were the only steam-driven LSTs ever built by the Navy. They provided improved berthing arrangements and a greater cargo capacity than their predecessors. 1947 (MCMXLVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1947 calendar). ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) is a common year starting on Saturday. ...

The success of the amphibious assault at Inchon during the Korean War pointed up the utility of LSTs once again. This was in contrast with the earlier opinion expressed by many military authorities that the advent of the atomic bomb had relegated amphibious landings to a thing of the past. As a consequence, 15 LSTs of what were later to be known as the Terrebonne Parish-class were constructed in the early 1950s. These new LSTs were 56 feet longer and were equipped with four, rather than two, diesel engines, which increased their speed to 15 knots. Three-inch 50-caliber twin mounts replaced the old twin 40-millimeter guns, and controllable pitch propellers improved the ship's backing power. On 1 July 1955, county or parish names (Louisiana counties are called "parishes") were assigned to LSTs, which up to then had borne only a letter-number hull designation. Combatants UN forces: United States; United Kingdom; South Korea; Canada; Australia; Netherlands; France North Korea Commanders Douglas MacArthur Arthur Dewey Struble Jeong Il-Gwon Kim Il-sung Strength 70,000 Unknown Casualties 222 killed or wounded 1,350 killed or wounded {{{notes}}} The Battle of Inchon (code name: Operation Chromite... Combatants UN combatants: South Korea, United States Communist combatants: North Korea, Peoples Republic of China Strength Note: All figures may vary according to source. ... July 1 is the 182nd day of the year (183rd in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 183 days remaining. ... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Official language(s) English and French Capital Baton Rouge Largest city New Orleans at last census; probably Baton Rouge since Hurricane Katrina Area  - Total  - Width  - Length  - % water  - Latitude  - Longitude Ranked 31st 134,382 km² 210 km 610 km 16 29°N to 33°N 89°W to 94°W Population...

In the late 1950's, seven additional LSTs of the De Soto County-class were constructed. These were an improved version over earlier LSTs, with a high degree of habitability for the crew and embarked troops. Considered the "ultimate" design attainable with the traditional LST bow door configuration, they were capable of 17.5 knots.

USS Frederick (LST-1184)

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... USS Frederick (LST-1184) was named after the city of Frederick, Maryland and Frederick County, Maryland. ...

Modern developments

The commissioning of the Newport class in 1969 marked the introduction of an entirely new concept in the design of LSTs. She was the first of a new class of 20 LSTs capable of steaming at a sustained speed of 20 knots. To obtain that speed, the traditional blunt bow doors of the LST were replaced by a pointed ship bow. Unloading is accomplished through the use of a 112-foot (34 m) ramp operated over the bow and supported by twin derrick arms. A stern gate to the tank deck permits unloading of amphibious tractors into the water or the unloading of other vehicles into a landing craft utility (LCU) or onto a pier. Capable of operating with high speed amphibious squadrons consisting of LHAs, LPDs, and LSDs, the Newport class LST can transport tanks, other heavy vehicles, and engineer equipment which cannot readily be landed by helicopters or landing craft. The Newport type has been removed from the U.S. Navy, but serves on in the navies of Mexico, Morocco, Taiwan, Spain and, in a modifed form, Australia. USS Newport (LST-1179), first of her Class Newport class tank landing ships are an improved class of tank landing ship (LSTs), intended to provide substantial advantages over their World War II-era predecessors. ... 1969 (MCMLXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ... Landing Craft Utility (LCU) are used by amphibious forces to transport equipment and troops to the shore. ... LHA is the US Navy hull classification symbol for general purpose amphibious assault ships of the Tarawa class. ... The dock of HMS Albion An amphibious transport dock (also called a landing platform dock or LPD) is a warship that embarks, transports, and lands elements of a landing force for expeditionary warfare missions. ... The United States Navy Dock Landing Ship (Navy hull classification LSD) was designed to support amphibious operations. ... The Bell 206 of Canadian Helicopters Robinson Helicopter Company (USA) R44, a four seat development of the R22 A helicopter is an aircraft which is lifted and propelled by one or more horizontal rotors (propellers). ...

Specifications

LST-1 Class Specifications:

• Displacement:

unloaded: 1,780 t (1,600 t),

fully loaded: 3,880 t (3,500 t)

• Length: 328 ft (100 m)
• Beam: 50 ft (15 m)
• Draft

unloaded: bow 2 ft 4 in (0.7 m); stern 7 ft 6 in (2.3 m)

loaded:   bow 8 ft 2 in (2.5 m); stern 14 ft 1 in (4.3 m)

• Speed: 12 knots (22 km/h)
• Complement: 8 to 10 officers, 100 to 115 enlisted;
• Troop Capacity: approx. 140 officers and enlisted;

Boats: 2-6 LCVP;

• Armament:

1 x 3 in (76 mm) gun

6 x 40 mm gun

6 x 20 mm gun

2 x .50 cal (12.7 mm) machine guns,

4 x .30 cal (7.62 mm) machine guns

• Propulsion: two General Motors 12-567 diesel engines, two shafts, twin rudders.

This article includes text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. The Landing Craft, Vehicle, Personnel (LCVP) or Higgins boat was a landing craft used extensively in World War II. The craft was designed by Andrew Higgins of Louisiana, based on boats made for operating in swamps and marshes. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... The Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships (DANFS for short) is the primary reference work for the basic facts about every ship ever used by the United States Navy. ...

LST - 3 Class Specifications

Overall length: 347 ft

Breadth extreme 55 ft 2 in

• Depth moulded 27 ft
• Propeller diameter 10 ft
• Deep displacement 4980 t
• Beaching draught

Forward: 4 ft 7 in

Aft: 11 ft 6 in

• Machinery: Twin screw steam reciprocating
• Horsepower: 5,500 hp
• Speed 13 kts

• Complement

Army: 13 officers 150 men

Ships: 14 officers 90 men

Staff specification:

To embark and disembark tanks, motor tansport etec. om beaches of varying slopes, and amphibians and DD Shermans into deep water.

To carry five LCAs or similar craft and one LCT (5) or LCT (6) on the upperdeck in place of transport and as an alternative to LCT (5) two NL causeway to be carried; the LCT (5) and NL causeways to be capable of launching direct from the upper deck.

To carry 500 tons of military load and to beach with that and sufficient fuel and stores for 1000 miles return journey at 10 kts, on draughts 4 ft 6 in forward and 11ft 6 in aft.

To be capable of carrying a load of sixty tons over the main ramp and ten tons over the vehicle ramp (i.e. the 50 ft ramp from the upper deck to the bow door. After trials, this was removed from some vessels)

To be fitted for operations in the tropics and in cold climates.

Built in UK: 31 as LST (3); two as LST (C); two as LST (Q)

Built in Canada: twenty-six as LST (3).

References

For LST (3):

• Brown, D. K. (ed.) (1996) The Design and Construction of British Warships 1939 – 1945 The Official Record. Conway Maritime Press London. pp 73-80.

• Baker, R. (1947) Ships of the Invasion Fleet. Proceeding of the Royal Institute of Naval Architects, Vol. 89 pp. 59-72.

See also

• List of amphibious warfare ships
• List of LSTs

This is a list of amphibious warfare ships updated as of January 2005. ... This is a list of LSTs (landing ship tanks) in service or formerly service in various navies around the world. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

:Category:LSTs

• DANFS: TANK LANDING SHIPS (LST)
• NavSource Online: Tank Landing Ship (LST) Index
• LST Home Page
• USS LST Ship Memorial (LST 325)
• InsideLST.com - a selection of information on the construction, complement, &c of LSTs, mostly taken from LST-325