Taqali (also spelled Tegali) was a state in the Nuba Hills, in modern day central Sudan. Unlike the surrounding Kordofan the uplands of the hills were quite moist and suitable to agriculture and a dense population. The state was centred upon the Taqali Massif the highest part of the hills in the northeast of the region. It early history is unclear. Oral traditions state it was founded many centuries ago at the same time as the Kingdom of Sennar came into being. Ewald doubts these tales and believes that the state did not come into being until the late eighteenth century, and that the early rulers on the king list are semi-mythological. The Nuba Mountains are a mountain range in Kordofan, a province in central Sudan, Africa. ... Kordofan is a former province of central Sudan. ... A king of Sennar, 1821 Kingdom of Sennar was a former sultanate in the north of Sudan, which ruled a substantial area of northeast Africa between 1504 and 1821. ...

Ewald argues that the first true ruler of Taqali was Muhammad wad Jayli and that he and his son Ismail forged the state. She believes it formed during the period of disorder in the Kordofan when the Kingdom of Sennar was declining and Darfur was growing in power. Muhammad began the process of uniting the region. He was succeeded as Makk by his brother Umar. Umar was overthrown, however, by Ajaid, the queen mother, and Ismail around 1783. Ismail took over and further expanded the state, taking control of the "99 hills" of the region. His son Abakr peacefully succeeded him, but after this the state was beset by conflicts over the succession through much of the period from 1840 to 1880. Darfur (Arabic دار فور, meaning home of the Fur) is a region of far western Sudan, bordering the Central African Republic, Libya, and Chad. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Despite its small size the Taqali state remained independent of its more powerful neighbours. While the Nuba Hills were well suited to agriculture they were surrounded by the arid Kordofan. This region was far to dry to support a large army and only small expeditions could be launched. The rocky terrain of the Taqali Massif served as natural fortifications. The Kingdom of Sennar exerted enough pressure that Taqali sent annual tribute, but never conquered the area. When Sennar was destroyed by the Egyptian invasion of 1821 the situation continued. The Egyptians launched three separate attacks against Taqali, but all of the failed. Eventually an agreement was reached whereby Taqali would remain de facto independent but would pay a nominal tribute and be officially included within the Egyptian Sudan. 1821 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ...

The state was finally conquered by the forces of Muhammad Ahmad. Makk Adam previcated between the British and the forces of the Mahdi, professing his support for both but aiding neither. In 1883 the Mahdi decided that Taqali had to be conquered. His armies did more than previous ones in July 1884 Makk Adam was captured, and he eventually died in captivity. Insurrections continued in Taqali and Hamdan Abu Anja was dispatched to defeat the resistance. This was done though much pillaging and destruction of the region. Muhammad Ahmad ibn as Sayyid Abd Allah (1844 - June 22, 1885) was a Muslim religious leader, a faqir, in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. ...

With the defeat of the Mahid the Mukuk of Taqali were restored to power, but they were now closely controlled by the British. Taqali proved a useful ally and the British gradually gave it more territory to control and administer. This continued with the independence of Sudan in 1956. The administrative power of the state was finally done away with after the 1969 coup. The Makk of Taqali, though having no political power, remains a ceremonial leader to the people of the region to this day. 1956 was a leap year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1969 was a common year starting on Wednesday (the link is to a full 1969 calendar). ...

Mukuk of Taqali

• Muhammad al-Rubatabi
• Jayli Abu Jarida
• Sabo
• Jayli Umara
• Jayli Awan Allah
• Jayli Abu Qurun
• Muhammad wad Jayli c. 1750
• Umar I to 1783
• Ismail 1783 to 1800
• Abakr I 1800 to 1820
• Umar II 1800 to 1835
• Ahmad 1835 to 1840
• Maryud 1840 to 1843
• Nasir 1843 to c. 1860
• Adam I c. 1860 to 1884
• Interregnum 1884 to 1898
• Jayli 1898 to 1916
• Abakr II 1916 to 1920
• Adam II 1920 to (still ruling as of 1990)

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See also

• Tegali language

References

• Ewald, Janet J. Soldier, Traders, and Slaves: State Formation and Economic Transformation in the Greater Nile Valley, 1700-1885. Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1990.