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Encyclopedia > Tarika

Islam
Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ...



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Aqidah, sometimes spelt as Aqeeda, Aqida or Aqeedah. ...

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Muhammad · Prophets of Islam Allah is the Arabic language word for God. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Allah. ... For other persons named Muhammad, see Muhammad (name). ... Prophets of Islam are human beings who are regarded by Muslims to be prophets. ...

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Profession of Faith · Prayer
Fasting · Charity · Pilgrimage Aqidah, sometimes spelt as Aqeeda, Aqida or Aqeedah. ... The shahadah (Arabic:  ) is the Islamic creed. ... For the Indian village, see Salat, Kulpahar. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This is a sub-article of Islamic economical jurisprudence. ... The Hajj (Arabic: ‎, transliteration: ; Turkish: ; Ottoman Turkish: حاج, Hāc; Malay: , Bosnian: ) is the Pilgrimage to Mecca in Islam. ...

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Ahl al-Bayt · Sahaba
Rashidun Caliphs · Shia Imams There is much more to Muslim history than military and political history; this particular chronology is almost entirely of military and political history. ... Ahl al-Bayt (Arabic: ‎) is a phrase meaning People of the House, or family. ... In Islam, the SÌ£aḥābah (Arabic: ‎ companions) were the companions of Muhammad. ... The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs ( transliteration: ) is a term used in both Sunni and Shia Islam to refer to the rightly guided Caliphs prophesised in the famous tradition, Hold firmly to my example (sunnah) and that of the Rightly Guided Caliphs (Ibn Majah, Abu Dawood). ... This article is about the Shia concept, for the more general Islamic term, see Imam. ...

Texts & Laws
// Quran Text Surahs Ayah Commentary/Exegesis Tafsir ibn Kathir (by Ibn Kathir) Tafsir al-Tabari (by Tabari) Al Kordobi Tafseer-e-kabir (by Imam Razi) Tafheem-al-Quran (by Maulana Maududi) Sunnah/Hadith Hadith (Traditions of The Prophet) The Siha-e-Sitta al-Bukhari (d. ... Madhhab (Arabic مذهب pl. ...

Qur'an · Sunnah · Hadith
Fiqh · Sharia · Kalam · Tasawwuf This article or section seems to contain too many quotations for an encyclopedia entry. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... It has been suggested that Rule of sharia be merged into this article or section. ... Kalam (علم الكلم)is one of the religious sciences of Islam. ... Sufism is a mystic tradition that found a home in Islam and encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to Allah, divine love and the cultivation of the heart. ...

Major branches
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Sunni · Shia

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Sunni Muslims are the largest denomination of Islam. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Muslim culture is a term primarily used in secular academia to describe all cultural practices common to historically Islamic peoples. ... Nations with a Muslim majority appear in green, while nations that are approximately 50% Muslim appear yellow. ...

Academics · Art · Science
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Demographics · Women · Politics Islamic Studies is the academic discipline which focuses on Islamic issues. ... The term Islamic art denotes the arts produced from the 7th century onwards by people (not necessarily Muslim) who lived within the territory that was inhabited by culturally Islamic populations. ... This is a subarticle to Islamic studies and science. ... Islamic philosophy (الفلسفة الإسلامية) is a part of the Islamic studies, and is a longstanding attempt to create harmony between faith, reason or philosophy, and the religious teachings of Islam. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A mosque is a place of worship for followers of the Islamic faith. ... The Islamic calendar or Muslim calendar (Arabic: التقويم الهجري; at-taqwÄ«m al-hijrÄ«; Persian: گاه‌شماری هجري قمری ‎ Gāhshomāri-ye hejri-ye qamari; also called the Hijri calendar) is the calendar used to date events in many predominantly Muslim countries, and used by Muslims everywhere to determine the proper day on which to... Friday is an important day in the life of a Muslim and it is believed that any devotional acts done on this day gain a higher reward. ... Distribution of Islam per country. ... Most commentary on gender and politics in the Middle East and Muslim world assigns a central place to Islam, but there is little agreement about the analytic weight Islam carries on the topic of women in Islam, accounting for the subordination of women or the role it plays in relation... - - - Islam as a political movement has a diverse character that has at different times incorporated elements of many other political movements, while simultaneously adapting the religious views of Islamic fundamentalism, particularly the view of Islam as a political religion. ...

See also

Criticism of Islam · Islamophobia
Glossary of Islamic terms Criticism of Islam has existed since Islams formative stages, as with many other religions, on philosophical, scientific, ethical, political and theological grounds. ... Manifestations Slavery · Racial profiling · Lynching Hate speech · Hate crime · Hate groups Genocide · Holocaust · Pogrom Ethnocide · Ethnic cleansing · Race war Religious persecution · Gay bashing Movements Discriminatory Aryanism · Neo-Nazism · Supremacism Kahanism Anti-discriminatory Abolitionism · Civil rights · Gay rights Womens/Universal suffrage · Mens rights Childrens rights · Youth rights Disability... The following list consists of concepts that are derived from both Islamic and Arab tradition, which are expressed as words in the Arabic language. ...

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Tariqah (طريقه transliteration: Ṭarīqah; pl.: طرق; Ṭuruq or Persian: Tarighat) means "way", "path" or method. In Sufism, it is conceptually related to Haqīqah, truth, the ineffable ideal that is the pursuit of the tradition. Thus one starts with Islamic law, the exoteric or mundane practice of Islam and then is initiated onto the mystical path of a Tarīqah. Through spiritual practices and guidance of a Tarīqah the aspirant seeks Haqiqa or ultimate truth. Due to the fact that the Arabic language has a number of phonemes that have no equivalent in English or other European languages, a number of different transliteration methods have been invented to represent certain Arabic characters, due to various conflicting goals. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Sufism is a mystic tradition that found a home in Islam and encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to Allah, divine love and the cultivation of the heart. ... This article needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... Sharia (Arabic شريعة also Sharia, Shariah or Syariah) is traditional Islamic law. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ...

Contents

A Tarīqah is a school of Sufism. A Tarīqah has a Murshid, or Guide, who plays the role of leader or spiritual director of the organization. Sufism is a mystic tradition that found a home in Islam and encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to Allah, divine love and the cultivation of the heart. ... A Murshid is the teacher and guide to his disciples (Mureedh). ...


A Sufi Tarīqah is a group of Murīd (pl.: Murīdīn), Arabic for desirous, desiring the knowledge of knowing God and loving God (a Murīd is also called a 'Faqīr' or 'Fakir' (Arabic: فقير ) another Arabic word that means poor or needy, usually used as al-Faqīr 'ilá Allāh, English: The needy to God's knowledge (Arabic: الفقير إلى الله )). A Murid (Arabic: مريد meaning committed one. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ...


Nearly every Tarīqah is named after its founder, and when the order is referred to as a noun -yah is usually added to a part of the founder's name. For example the "Rifai order," named after Shaykh `Ahmed er Rifai, is called the "Rifaiyyah", the "Qādirī order," named after Shaykh `Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī, is called the "Qādiriyyah". Often Tarīqahs are offshoots of other Tarīqahs, for example the Jelveti order founded by Aziz Mahmud Hudayi who are an offshoot of the Bayrami order founded by Hajji Bayram in Ankara who are an offshoot of the zahidiyye founded by Pir Zahid al-Gaylani in Iran. The Khalwatī order are a particularly splintered order with numerous offshoots such as the Jerrahī, Sunbulī, Nasuhī, Karabashiyyah and others, the Tijaniyyah order prevalent in West Africa also has its roots in this Tariqa. The Galibi Order founded by Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu in Ankara, Turkey, still coninues today. Shaikh (شيخ, also rendered as Sheik, Shaykh or Sheikh) is a word in the Arabic language meaning an elder or a revered old man. ... Ahmed ar-Rifai (1118-1181) was the founder of the Rifai Sufi order. ... Rifai, ( Rifa3i) or Al Rifai, is family name that traces its roots to Mesopotamia, specifically Iraq. ... Shaikh (شيخ, also rendered as Sheik, Shaykh or Sheikh) is a word in the Arabic language meaning an elder or a revered old man. ... Sheikh Muhyiddeen Abdul Qadir Gilani , Abdul Qadir al-Gilani , Abdul Qadir el-Gilani or Moulay Abdelkader Jilali (in Maghreb countries (Arabic: عبد القادر الجيلانى ); (1077 – 1166 CE) was a mystic scholar and saint of Islam. ... Qadiriyyah (Arabic: القادريه ) (also transliterated Qadiri), is one of the oldest Sufi tariqas, derives its name from Abdul Qadir Jilani (also transliterated other ways) (1077-1166), a native of the Iranian province of Gilan. ... Jelveti is the name of a Sufi order that was founded by the Turkish saint Aziz Mahmud Hudayi. ... A Turkish Sufi order founded by Hajji Bayram whose resting place is in Ankara the capital of Turkey. ... A Muslim Sufi saint. ... Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the countrys second largest city after İstanbul. ... The Zahediyeh Sufi Order was founded by Sheikh Zahed Gilani (Zahid Guilani) of Lahijan. ... A Pir (Persian: پیر) meaning Old Man. ... Halveti (as it is known in Turkey but is more commonly known as Khalwati) is one of the most widespread orders (Tarikas) in Sufi Islam and after the Naqshbandi, Qadiri and Shadhili is perhaps the most popular. ... The Jerrahi are a Sufi order (Tarika) derived from the Halveti (Khalwati) order. ... The Tijāniyyah (Arabic: الطريقة التجانية, transliterated: Al-ṬarÄ«qah al-Tijāniyyah, or The TijānÄ« Path) is a sufi á¹­arÄ«qah (order, path) originating in North Africa but now more widespread in West Africa, particularly in Senegal, Mauritania, Mali, and Northern Nigeria and Sudan. ... Galibi Order The order under consideration -Galibi order- comes from the tradition of Qadiri-Rufai school – the integration of the earliest and the most popular orders established in İslamdom. ... Galib Hassan Kuscuoglu, the shaikh of Galibi Order , was born in March 27, 1919 in Çorum. ... Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the countrys second largest city after İstanbul. ...


In most cases the shaykh nominates his 'khalīfah' or successor during his lifetime, who will take over the order. In rare cases, where the shaykh dies without naming a khalīfah, the Murīds of the Tarīqah elect another spiritual leader through a vote. In some orders, it is recommended to take a khalīfah from the same order as their Murshid. In some groups it is customary for the khalīfah to be the son of the shaykh, although in other groups the khalīfah and the shaykh are not normally relatives. In yet other orders, a successor may be identified through the spiritual dreams of its members.


Tarīqahs have a Silsilah (Arabic: ( سلسلة ) meaning chain or, more idiomatically, a lineage of various Shaykhs that eventually leads back to Muhammad. Almost all order except the Naqshbandi order has a Silsilah that leads back to Muhammad through `Alī. (The Naqshbandi Silsilah goes back to Abu Bakr the first Caliph of Sunni Islam and then Muhammad.) This has led some Western writers on Islam to wrongly assume that many of the Tarīqas have a Shi`ite influence within them, although this idea falls short when it is remembered that all of the founders of the main Sufi orders have been Sunni Muslims: `Abd al-Qādir al-Jīlānī adhered to the Ḥanbalī a school (madhhab) of Sunni Islamic law, and almost all of the famous shaykhs of the Shādhilī order have been staunch Sunni Muslims. Silsilah (Arabic: ( سلسلة )) is an Arabic meaning chain. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... Shaikh (شيخ, also rendered as Sheik, Shaykh or Sheikh) is a word in the Arabic language meaning an elder or a revered old man. ... For other persons named Muhammad, see Muhammad (name). ... Naqshbandi (Naqshbandiyya) is one of the major Sufi orders (tariqa) of Islam. ... For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation). ... Naqshbandi (Naqshbandiyya) is one of the major Sufi orders (tariqa) of Islam. ... Abu Bakr As Siddiq (Arabic ابو بكر الصديق, alternative spellings, Abubakar, Abi Bakr, Abu Bakar) (c. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... Shia Islam or Shi`ism (from the Arabic word شيعة, short for the historic phrase shi`at `Ali شيعة علي, meaning the followers of Ali) is the second-largest denomination of the religion of Islam. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Sheikh Muhyiddeen Abdul Qadir Gilani , Abdul Qadir al-Gilani , Abdul Qadir el-Gilani or Moulay Abdelkader Jilali (in Maghreb countries (Arabic: عبد القادر الجيلانى ); (1077 – 1166 CE) was a mystic scholar and saint of Islam. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Madhhab (Arabic مذهب pl. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( â–¶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... Shaikh (شيخ, also rendered as Sheik, Shaykh or Sheikh) is a word in the Arabic language meaning an elder or a revered old man. ... The Tariqa ash Shadhiliya is the Sufi order founded by Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ...


Take the following example, here is the Silsila of the Oveyssi order:

  • Mohammad
  • Ali ibn Abu Talib
  • 1- Oveys Gharani
  • 2- Salman Farsi
  • 3- Habib-ibn Salim Ra'i
  • 4- Soltan Ebrahim Adham
  • 5- Abu Ali Shaqiq Balkhi
  • 6- Sheikh Abu Torab Nakhshabi
  • 7- Sheikh Abi Amro Istakhri
  • 8- Abu Ja'far Hazza
  • 9- Sheikh Kabir Abu Abdollah Mohammad-ibn Khafif Shirazi
  • 10- Sheikh Hossein Akkar
  • 11- Sheikh Morshed Abu-Isshaq Shahriar Kazerouni
  • 12- Khatib Abolfath Abdolkarim
  • 13- Ali-ibn Hassan Basri
  • 14- Serajeddin Abolfath Mahmoud-ibn Mahmoudi Sabouni Beyzavi
  • 15- Sheikh Abu Abdollah Rouzbehan Baghli Shirazi
  • 16- Sheikh Najmeddin Tamat-al Kobra Khivaghi
  • 17- Sheikh Ali Lala Ghaznavi
  • 18- Sheikh Ahmad Zaker Jowzeghani
  • 19- Noureddin Abdolrahman Esfarayeni
  • 20- Sheikh Alaoddowleh Semnani
  • 21- Mahmoud Mazdaghani
  • 22- Amir Seyyed Ali Hamedani
  • 23- Sheikh Ahmad Khatlani
  • 24- Seyyed Mohammad Abdollah Ghatifi al-Hasavi Nourbakhsh
  • 25- Shah Ghassem Feyzbakhsh
  • 26- Hossein Abarghoui Janbakhsh
  • 27- Darvish Malek Ali Joveyni
  • 28- Darvish Ali Sodeyri
  • 29- Darvish Kamaleddin Sodeyri
  • 30- Darvish Mohammad Mozaheb Karandehi (Pir Palandouz)
  • 31- Mir Mohammad Mo'men Sodeyri Sabzevari
  • 32- Mir Mohammad Taghi Shahi Mashhadi
  • 33- Mir Mozaffar Ali
  • 34- Mir Mohammad Ali
  • 35- Seyyed Shamseddin Mohammad
  • 36- Seyyed Abdolvahab Naini
  • 37- Haj Mohammad Hassan Kouzekanani
  • 38- Agha Abdolghader Jahromi
  • 39- Jalaleddin Ali Mir Abolfazl Angha
  • 40- Mir Ghotbeddin Mohammad Angha
  • 41- Shah Maghsoud Mohammad Sadegh Angha
  • 42- Salaheddin Ali Nader Shah Angha

On the other hand there are in many of the silsilas of the Tarīqahs names of Shi'ite Imams; take for example the Qadiri silsila: For other uses, see Ali (disambiguation). ... Uwais al-Qarni (Arabic: أويس القرني) (d. ... Salman the Persian (Arabic سلمان الفارسي Salman Farisi, Persian Salman e Farsi) was one of the Prophet Muhammads companions. ... Sheikh Najmeddin Kubra was a 13th century famous Persian Sufi from Khwarezmia and was the founder of the Kubrawiya Sufi order. ... The Official Emblem of the Oveyssi-Shahmaghsoudi School of Islamic Sufism®, All Rights Reserved. ... The Official Emblem of the Oveyssi-Shahmaghsoudi School of Islamic Sufism®, All Rights Reserved. ... The Official Emblem of the Oveyssi-Shahmaghsoudi School of Islamic Sufism®, All Rights Reserved. ... Salaheddin Ali Nader Shah Angha (Persian: صلاح الدین علی نادر شاه عنقا) is presently the 42nd official and exclusive master of Maktab Tarighat Oveyssi Shahmaghsoudi (School of Islamic Sufism) in a continuous succession of Sufi masters dating back 1,400 years ago to the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. ... Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Qadiriyyah, one of the oldest Sufi tariqa, derives its name from Abd al-Qadir al-Djilani (1077-1166), a native of the Iranian province of Gilan. ...

  • Muhammad
  • The Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib
  • Imam Husayn
  • Imam Ali Zayn al-Abidin
  • Imam Muhammad Baqir
  • Imam Ja'far as-Sadiq
  • Imam Musa al-Kazim
  • Imam Ali Musa Rida
  • Ma'ruf Karkhi
  • Sari Saqati
  • Junayd al-Baghdadi
  • Sheikh Abu Bakr Shibli
  • Sheikh Abdul Aziz al-Tamīmī
  • Abu al-Fadl Abu al-Wahid al-Tamīmī
  • Abu al-Farah Tartusi
  • Abu al-Hasan Farshi
  • Abu Sa'id al-Mubarak Mukharrami
  • Sheikh Abdul Qadir Jilani

However, the differences between Sunni and Shi`ite Islam were not as acute in the first three centuries of Islam as they are today. Indeed, during Ottoman times the Sunni Turkish sultans would use the reverence that they and other Sunni Muslims had for the Shi'ite imams to appease the Shi'ite minorities that lived within their empire and many towards the end of the 19th century believed that a Sunni-Shi'ite unity was impending. Ali ibn Abu Talib (Arabic: علي بن أبي طالب translit: ‘AlÄ« ibn Abu Ṭālib Persian: علی پسر ابو طالب) ‎ (599 – 661) is an early Islamic leader. ... This article is about Husayn ibn Ali ibn Abi Talib (626 – 680). ... Junayd ibn Muhammad Abu al-Qasim al-Khazzaz al-Baghdadi (830-910) was one of the great early mystics, or Sufis, of Islam. ... The Bani Tamim is a large and powerful Arab tribe primarily located in Najd, central and southern Iraq and the Iranian province of Khuzestan. ... The Bani Tamim is a large and powerful Arab tribe primarily located in Najd, central and southern Iraq and the Iranian province of Khuzestan. ... Sheikh Muhyiddeen Abdul Qadir Gilani , Abdul Qadir al-Gilani , Abdul Qadir el-Gilani or Moulay Abdelkader Jilali (in Maghreb countries (Arabic: عبد القادر الجيلانى ); (1077 – 1166 CE) was a mystic scholar and saint of Islam. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Shia Islam or Shi`ism (from the Arabic word شيعة, short for the historic phrase shi`at `Ali شيعة علي, meaning the followers of Ali) is the second-largest denomination of the religion of Islam. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... Motto: دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem: Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299-1326) Bursa (1326-1365) Edirne (1365-1453) Constantinople (Istanbul) (1453-1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy Sultans  - 1281–1326 Osman I  - 1918–1922 Mehmed VI... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... A Muslim is a believer in or follower of Islam. ... Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ... Sunni Islam (Arabic سنّة) is the largest denomination of Islam. ... Shia Islam ( Arabic شيعى follower; English has traditionally used Shiite or Shiite) is the second largest Islamic denomination; some 20-25% of all Muslims are said to follow a Shia tradition. ...


Every Murid on entering the ṭarīqah gets his 'awrād, or daily recitations, authorized by his Murshid (usually to be recited before or after the pre-dawn prayer, after the afternoon prayer and after the evening prayer). Usually, these recitations are extensive and time-consuming (for example the Murid's awrād may consist of reciting a certain formula 99, 500 or even 1000 times). One must also be in a state of ritual purity (as one is for the obligatory prayers to perform them while facing Mecca). The recitations change as a student (murid) moves from a mere initiate to other Sufi degrees (usually requiring additional initiations).


Being mostly followers of the spiritual traditions of Islam loosely referred to as Sufism, these groups were sometimes distinct from the ulema or officially mandated scholars, and often acted as informal missionaries of Islam. They provided accepted avenues for emotional expressions of faith, and the Tarīqahs spread to all corners of the Muslim world, and often exercised a degree of political influence inordinate to their size (take for example the influence that the sheikhs of the Safaviyye order had over the armies of Tamerlane, or the missionary work of Ali Shair Navai in Turkistan amongst the Mongol and Tatar people). Sufism is a mystic tradition that found a home in Islam and encompasses a diverse range of beliefs and practices dedicated to Allah, divine love and the cultivation of the heart. ... Ulema (, translit: , singular: , translit: , scholar) (Islamic clergy) refers to the educated class of Muslim scholars engaged in the several fields of Islamic studies. ... For the chess engine Tamerlane, see Tamerlane. ... Honorary guard of Mongolia. ... Historically, the term Tatar (or Tartar) has been ambiguously used by Europeans to refer to many different peoples of Inner Asia and Northern Asia. ...


The Tarīqahs were particularly influential in the spread of Islam in the sub-Sahara during the 9th to 14th centuries, where they spread south along trade routes between North Africa and the sub-Saharan kingdoms of Ghana and Mali. On the West African coast they set up Zāwiyas on the shores of the river Niger and even established independent kingdoms such as the Murābiṭūn, or Almoravids. The Sanusi order were also highly involved in missionary work in Africa during the 19th century, spreading both Islam and a high level of literacy into Africa as far south as Lake Chad and beyond by setting up a network of Zawiyas where Islam was taught. Much of central Asia and southern Russia was won over to Islam through the missionary work of the ṭarīqahs, and the majority of Indonesia's population, where a Muslim army never set foot, was converted to Islam by the perseverance of both Muslim traders and Sufi missionaries. Almoravides (From Arabic المرابطون sing. ... The Senussi or Sanusi are Muslim nomads who live in the Libyan Desert, many of whom raise camels and goats. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Islam (Arabic:  ) is a monotheistic religion based upon the teachings of Muhammad, a 7th century Arab religious and political figure. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ...


A case is sometimes made that groups such as the Muslim Brotherhoods (in many countries) and specifically the Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt (the first, or first known), are modern inheritors of the tradition of lay ṭarīqah in Islam. This is highly contentious since the Turuq were Sufi orders with established lineages while the Muslim Brotherhood is a modern, rationalist tradition. However, the Muslim Brotherhood's founder, Hassan al Banna, did have a traditional Islamic education (his family were Hanbali scholars) and it is likely that he was initiated into a ṭarīqah at an early age. The Muslim Brotherhood or The Muslim Brothers (Arabic: الإخوان المسلمون al-ikhwān al-muslimÅ«n, full title The Society of the Muslim Brothers, often simply الإخوان al-ikhwān, the Brotherhood) is a world-wide Sunni Islamist movement, which has spawned several religious and political organizations in the Middle East, dedicated to... Hassan al Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( â–¶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...


Certain scholars, e.g., G. H. Jansen, credit the original Tarīqahs with several specific accomplishments:

  1. Preventing Islam from becoming a cold and formal doctrine by constantly infusing it with local and emotionally popular input, including stories and plays and rituals not part of Islam proper. (A parallel would be the role of Aesop relative to the Greek mythos.)
  2. Spreading the faith in east Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where orthodox Islamic leaders and scholars had little or no direct influence on people.
  3. Leading Islam's military and political battles against the enroaching power of the Christian West, as far back as the Qadiri order of the 12th century.

The last of these accomplishments suggests that the analogy with the modern Muslim Brotherhoods is probably accurate, but incomplete. Aesop, as depicted in the Nuremberg Chronicle by Hartmann Schedel. ... Qadiriyyah, one of the oldest Sufi tariqa, derives its name from Abd al-Qadir al-Djilani (1077-1166), a native of the Iranian province of Gilan. ...


Tariqah in the Four Spiritual Stations

The Four Stations, sharia, tariqa, haqiqa. The fourth station, marifa, which is considered 'unseen', is actually the center of the haqiqa region. It's the essence of all four stations.
The Four Stations, sharia, tariqa, haqiqa. The fourth station, marifa, which is considered 'unseen', is actually the center of the haqiqa region. It's the essence of all four stations.

Image File history File links Syariah-thariqah-hakikah2. ... It has been suggested that Rule of sharia be merged into this article or section. ... This article is in need of attention. ... This article needs a complete rewrite for the reasons listed on the talk page. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ...

Orders of Sufism

Traditional orders

PHILTAR (Philosophy of Theology and Religion at the Division of Religion and Philosophy of St Martin's College) has a very useful Graphical illustration of the Sufi schools. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article may require cleanup. ... The Azeemia Order is a Sufi order founded in Pakistan in 1960 by Qalandar Baba Auliya. ... The Badawiyyah, Sufi tarika, was founded in the thirteenth century in Egypt by Ahmad al-Badawi ( 1199- 1276). ... The Bektashi order (Turkish: Bektaşi) is a syncretic religious order related to Shia Alevi faith, and is generally considered to be a Shia Sufi sect (Tarika). ... The Chishti Order was founded by Khwaja Abu Ishaq Shami (the Syrian) (d. ... The Darqawiyya or Darqawa Sufi order was a revivalist branch of the Shadhiliyah brotherhood. ... Halveti (as it is known in Turkey but is more commonly known as Khalwati) is one of the most widespread orders in Sufi Islam and after the Naqshbandi, Qadiri and Shadhili is perhaps the most popular. ... Hurufism (Arabic حروفية hurufiyya, adjective form hurufi) is a mystical esoteric Sufi sect, that was active in areas of western Persia, Turkey and Azerbaijan in later 14th - early 15th century. ... The Ismāʿīlī (Urdu: اسماعیلی Ismāʿīlī, Arabic: الإسماعيليون al-Ismāʿīliyyūn; Persian: اسماعیلیان Esmāʿīliyān) branch of Islam is the second largest part of the Shīa community, after the Twelvers (Ithnāʿashariyya). ... The Jerrahi (Turkish: Cerrahiyye, Cerrahilik) are a Sufi order (Tarika) derived from the Halveti (Khalwati) order. ... Sheikh Najmeddin Kubra was a 13th century famous Persian Sufi from Khwarezmia and was the founder of the Kubrawiya Sufi order. ... Whirling Dervishes perform near the Mevlevi Museum in Konya, Turkey. ... Tamegroute is a village in the south of Morocco, in the valley of the Draa River. ... Naqshbandi (Naqshbandiyya) is one of the major Sufi orders (tariqa) of Islam. ... Naqshbandi (Naqshbandiyya) is one of the major Sufi orders (tariqa) of Islam. ... The Nimatullahi order (also spelled Nimatollahi or Nematollahi) is a Sufi Order or Tariqa originating in Persia. ... The Holy Quran, 2:148 Whoever knows the true self, knows God. ... Qadiriyyah, one of the oldest Sufi tariqa, derives its name from Abd al-Qadir al-Djilani (1077-1166), a native of the Iranian province of Gilan. ... The Rifai (also Rufai) are a Sufi order most commonly found in the Arab Middle East but also in Turkey and the Balkans. ... Galibi Order The order under consideration -Galibi order- comes from the tradition of Qadiri-Rufai school – the integration of the earliest and the most popular orders established in İslamdom. ... Safaviyeh was the name of the Sufi order founded by the Persian Mystic Sheikh Safi Al-Din of Ardabil (1252-1334). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Senussi. ... The Sarwari Qadiri Sufi tariqa was originated by Sultan Bahu in the seventeenth century. ... The Tariqa ash Shadhiliya is the Sufi order founded by Abu-l-Hassan ash-Shadhili. ... Suhrawardiyya is the name of a Sufi order founded by Shihabuddin Yahya as-Suhrawardi. ... Tijani order (sufi tarika) was founded in Fez in the 1780s by Ahmad al-Tidjani (d. ... The Zahediyeh Sufi Order was founded by Sheikh Zahed Gilani (Zahid Guilani) of Lahijan. ...


Non-traditional Sufi groups

The Sufi Order International is an organization dedicated to Universal Sufism as elaborated by Hazrat Inayat Khan. ... This article is being considered for deletion in accordance with Wikipedias deletion policy. ... Sufism Reoriented is a Sufi organization founded in the 1950s in the United States, based on the teachings of Hazrat Inayat Khan, and once lead by Meher Baba, most commonly known as a guru followed by Pete Townshend. ... This article is about the modern movement - the medieval al-Murabitun dynasty in Morocco and Spain is found at Almoravides. ...

See also

Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... The Suluk, also known as Tao Sug, originated from the island of Sulu in the Philippines. ... A salik is a person who enganged in Islamic spiritual path or sufism. ... A Moulid (Moulids being an Anglicized plural) is a traditional celebration in the Islamic world of the birth date of a Muslim saint. ... The word Dervish, especially in European languages, refers to members of Sufi Muslim ascetic religious fraternities, known for their extreme poverty and austerity, similar to mendicant friars. ... List of Tariqas or Sufi brotherhoods Aâbid Adhamiyya Adrawiyya Agamiyya Ahiyya Ahl-el Haqq Ahmadiyya (soefis) Ahmadiyya-Idrissiyya Aissawiyya Akbariyya Akmaliyya (Haqmaliyya) Ak Tagh > Naqshbandiyya Alamiyya Alawiyya (Hadramiyya) Aliyallahiyya Alwaniyya Amariyya Amgariyya Ansariyya Arusiyya Ashrafiyya Ashuriyya Awhadiyya Aydarusiyya Azeema BaAlawi BaAlawi-Atissiyya Badawiyya Bakkaiyya Banawa...

References

G. H. Jansen, "Militant Islam", Pan, London 1979
F. de Jong, "Turuq and Turuq-Linked Institutions in Nineteenth-Century Egypt", Brill, Leiden,1978
M. D. Gilsenen, "Saint and Sufi in Modern Egypt", Oxford, 1978
M. Berger, "Islam in Egypt today - social and political aspects of popular religion", London, 1970
J. M. Abun-Nasr, "The Tijaniyya", London 1965
E. E. Evans-Pritchard, "The Sanusi of Cyrenaica", Oxford, 1949
J. W. McPherson, "The Moulids of Egypt", Cairo, 1941
J. K. Birge, "The Bektashi Order of Dervishes", London and Hartford, 1937
O. Depont and X. Coppolani, "Les confreries religieuses musulmans" (the Muslim brotherhoods as they existed then), Algiers, 1897

For the song by the Smashing Pumpkins, see 1979 (song). ... The turuq (singular: tarika or Tariqa) are the Sufi schools (or brotherhoods) of Islam. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... Sufism (Arabic تصوف taṣawwuf) is a system of esoteric philosophy commonly associated with Islam. ... 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday. ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday. ... Tijani order (sufi tarika) was founded in Fez in the 1780s by Ahmad al-Tidjani (d. ... 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1965 calendar). ... Edward Evan (E. E.) Evans-Pritchard (September 21, 1902 - September 11, 1973) was a British anthropologist instrumental in the development of social anthropology in that country. ... The Senussi or Sanusi are Muslim nomads who live in the Libyan Desert, many of whom raise camels and goats. ... The Roman Empire ca. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... A Moulid(Moulids being an Anglicized plural) is a traditional celebration in the Islamic world of the birth date of a Muslim saint. ... For the movie, see 1941 (film). ... The Bektashi order (Turkish: BektaÅŸi) is a syncretic religious order related to Shia Alevi faith, and is generally considered to be a Shia Sufi sect (Tarika). ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...

External links

Orders

v  d  e
Sufism
Philosophy : Ihsan | Lataif | Tajalli | Noor | Maqaam | Haal | Yaqeen | Fanaa | Baqaa | Haqiqah | Marifah | Mast | Wajad | Wahdat-ul-Wujood | see also: Sufi cosmology
Practices : Dhikr | Muraqaba | Sama | Qawwali | Sufi whirling | Hadhra
Orders : Chishti | Jerrahi | Darqawi | Naqshbandi | Qadri | Oveyssi | Galibi | Suhrawardiyya | Rifa'i | Mevlevi | Shadhili | see also: Tariqah
Medieval Sufis : Oveys Gharani | Hassan Basri | Bayazid | Jazouli | Junayd | Ghazali | Jilani | Ibn Arabi | Hallaj | Rumi | Saadi | Attar | Jami | Suhrawardi | Data Gunj | Gharib Nawaz | Amir Khusro | Rabia | Baba Farid | Kabir | Alf Sani | Shah Waliullah | Bhittai | Ibn 'Ata Allah | Ahmed Zarruq
Modern Sufis : Salaheddin Ali Nader Shah Angha | Bawa Muhaiyaddeen | Hassan Kuscuoglu | Idries Shah | Shah Maghsoud Sadegh Angha |Omar Ali Shah | Mawlana Faizani | Muhammad al-Maliki | Hisham Kabbani | Kabir Helminski | Inayat Khan | Shamsuddin Azeemi | Reshad Feild | Akram Awan | Nuh Ha Mim Keller | Martin Lings | Muhammad al-Yaqoubi | Nazim Qubrusi | Ali Kalkancı | Abdalqadir as-Sufi | Abdesslam Yassine | Taqi Usmani | Hamza Yusuf
Other : History | Sufi texts | Sufi poetry | Sufi studies | Shrines | List of Sufis

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