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Tariq Said Ramadan (born 26 August 1962 in Geneva, Switzerland) is a Swiss Muslim academic and theologian. He advocates a reinterpretation of Islamic texts, and emphasizes the heterogeneous nature of Islamic society. He believes that Muslims in Europe have to establish a new "European Islam" (see also Euroislam) and emphasizes the necessity for their engagement in European society. Image File history File links Broom_icon. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Geneva (pronunciation //; French: Genève //, German:   //, Italian: Ginevra //, Romansh: Genevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich), and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French-speaking part of Switzerland). ... is the 238th day of the year (239th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Geneva (pronunciation //; French: Genève //, German:   //, Italian: Ginevra //, Romansh: Genevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich), and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French-speaking part of Switzerland). ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... Plato is credited with the inception of academia: the body of knowledge, its development and transmission across generations. ... Theology is literally rational discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, rational discourse). By extension, it also refers to the study of other religious topics. ... Look up Heterogeneous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... This article deals with the history and the evolution of the Islamic religion in Europe. ... Euroislam is a neologism. ...

Biography

His maternal grandfather Hassan al Banna founded the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt. His father, Said Ramadan, was a prominent figure in the Muslim Brotherhood as well, and was expelled from Egypt by Gamal Abdul Nasser for his activities in that organization. He later settled in Switzerland where Tariq was born.^[1] Tariq Ramadan graduated a year early and studied philosophy, literature and social sciences at University of Geneva. He studied philosophy and French literature at the Masters level, and Arabic and Islamic studies for his PhD. He wrote his dissertation on Friedrich Nietzsche.^[2] He also studied Arabic and Islam at Al Azhar Islamic university in Cairo, Egypt. He later held a lectureship in Religion and Philosophy at the University of Fribourg and the College de Saussure, Geneva, Switzerland.^[3] In October 2005 he began teaching at St Antony's College at the University of Oxford on a Visiting Fellowship.^[4] Since 2005 he has been a senior research fellow at the Lokahi Foundation. Hassan al Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood. ... The Muslim Brothers (Arabic: الإخوان المسلمون al-ikhwān al-muslimÅ«n, full title The Society of the Muslim Brothers, often simply الإخوان al-ikhwān, the Brotherhood or MB) is a world-wide Sunni Islamist movement and the worlds largest, most influential Islamist group[1]. The MB is the largest political... Said Ramadan (died 1995) was the son-in-law of Hassan al-Banna, founder of the Egyptian Islamist organization the Muslim Brotherhood. ... Gamal Abdel Nasser (Arabic: جمال عبد الناصر) Gamal Abdel Nasser (January 15, 1918 - September 28, 1970) was the second President of Egypt after Muhammad Naguib and is considered one of the most important Arab leaders in history. ... The University of Geneva (Université de Genève) is a university in Geneva, Switzerland. ... Islamic Studies is the academic discipline which focuses on Islamic issues. ... Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche (October 15, 1844 – August 25, 1900) (IPA: ) was a nineteenth-century German philosopher. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Al-Azhar Islamic university in Cairo Egypt Al-Azhar University is connected to the mosque in Cairo named to honor Fatima Az-Zahraa, the daughter of Muhammad, from whom the Fatimid Dynasty claimed descent. ... For other uses, see Cairo (disambiguation). ... The University of Fribourg (French: Université de Fribourg; German: Universität Freiburg) is a university in the city of Fribourg, Switzerland. ... Geneva (pronunciation //; French: Genève //, German:   //, Italian: Ginevra //, Romansh: Genevra) is the second most populous city in Switzerland (after Zürich), and is the most populous city of Romandy (the French-speaking part of Switzerland). ... St Antonys College is one of the constituent colleges of the University of Oxford in the United Kingdom. ... The University of Oxford (usually abbreviated as Oxon. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ...

Ramadan is married and has 4 children. His wife is French and converted to Islam after their marriage. His brother, Hani Ramadan is also a Muslim activist and resides in Geneva, where he is a French teacher and the director of the Islamic Centre of Geneva. There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ...

Ramadan established the Movement of Swiss Muslims in Switzerland. He has taken part in interfaith seminars and has sat on a commission of “Islam and Secularism.” He is an advisor to the EU on religious issues. He is widely interviewed and has produced about 100 tapes which sell tens of thousands of copies each year.^[5]

Bill Clinton invited Ramadan to speak at a couple of events in the United States. He is an advisor to various governments, including the UK and EU, and has worked with Scotland Yard on various investigations. William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... New Scotland Yard, London New Scotland Yard, it blowwsssss often referred to simply as Scotland Yard or The Yard, is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, responsible for policing Greater London (although not the City of London itself). ...

In September 2005 he was invited to join a task force by the Government of the United Kingdom. On the 6th November 2007 Tariq Ramadan became candidate for the professorship in Islamic studies at the University of Leiden ^[6]. Leiden University in the city of Leiden, is the oldest university in the Netherlands. ...

U.S. visa revocation

In February 2004, he accepted the tenured position of Luce professor of religion at the Joan B. Kroc Institute for International Peace Studies, at the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana, U.S.. However, in late July 2004, his visa was revoked by the State Department, and he was forced to resign the position.^[7] The University of Notre Dame IPA: is a Catholic[4] institution located in Notre Dame, an unincorporated section of St. ... South Bend is the name of the following places in the United States of America: South Bend, Indiana South Bend Township, Kansas South Bend Township, Minnesota South Bend, Nebraska South Bend Township, Pennsylvania South Bend, Washington This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that... For other uses, see Indiana (disambiguation). ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic  - President George Walker Bush (R)  - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... Department of State redirects here. ...

In September 2006, a State Department statement said: "A U.S. consular officer has denied Dr. Tariq Ramadan's visa application. The consular officer concluded that Dr. Ramadan was inadmissible based solely on his actions, which constituted providing material support to a terrorist organization."^[8][9] Between December 1998 and July 2002, Ramadan had given donations totalling $940 to two charity organizations, the Comité de Bienfaisance et de Secours aux Palestiniens (CBSP) and the Association de Secours Palestinien (ASP).^[10] The United States Treasury designated both the CBSP and ASP terrorist fundraising organizations for their alleged links to Hamas on August 22, 2003.^[11] The U.S. Embassy told Ramadan that he "reasonably should have known" that the charities provided money to Hamas. In an article in The Washington Post, Ramadan asked: "How should I reasonably have known of their activities before the U.S. government itself knew?"^[12] Committee for Charity and Support for the Palestinians (CBSP) or Comité de Bienfaisance et de Secours aux Palestiniens (CBSP) is a French-based registered charitable organization that was founded in 1990. ... The United States Department of the Treasury is a Cabinet department, a treasury, of the United States government established by an Act of U.S. Congress in 1789 to manage the revenue of the United States government. ... Hamas (Arabic: ; acronym: Arabic: , or Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiyya or Islamic Resistance Movement,[1]) is a Palestinian Sunni Muslim militant organization. ...

Views

Ramadan works primarily on Islamic theology and the position of Muslims in Europe. In general he believes in constantly reinterpreting the Qur'an in order to correctly understand Islamic philosophy. He also emphasises the difference between religion and culture, which he believes are too often confused. Relatedly, he thinks that citizenship and religion are two separate concepts which should not be mixed. He claims that there is no conflict between being a Muslim and a European at the same time; a Muslim must accept the laws of his country, except in rare circumstances. Theology is reasoned discourse concerning God (Greek θεος, theos, God, + λογος, logos, word or reason). It can also refer to the study of other religious topics. ... The Qur’ān [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ...

He believes that European Muslims must create a "European Islam" just as there is a separate "Asian Islam" and "African Islam", which take into account cultural differences. (This is disputed by orthodox Muslims, who believe that there is only one, true Islam.) By this he means that European Muslims must re-examine the fundamental texts of Islam (primarily the Qu'ran) and interpret them in light of their own cultural background, influenced by European society. The Quran ( Arabic al-qurʾān أَلْقُرآن; its literal meaning is the recitation and is often called Al Quran Al Karim: The Noble Quran, also transliterated as Quran, Koran, and less commonly Alcoran) is the holy book...

He rejects a binary separation of the world into dar al-Islam (the abode of Islam) and dar al-harb (the abode of war), since such separation was never mentioned in the Qur'an. He believes that European Muslims could be said to live in dar al-Dawa (space of testimony) in which Muslims are "witnesses before mankind" and are forced to consider the fundamental principles of Islam and take responsibility for their faith. Dar al-Islam (Arabic: دار الإسلام literally house of submission) is a term used to refer to those lands under Muslim government(s). ... Dar al-Harb (Arabic: house of war) is a term used in many Islamic countries to refer to those areas outside Muslim rule. ... The Qur’ān [1] (Arabic: , literally the recitation; also sometimes transliterated as Quran, Koran, or Al-Quran) is the central religious text of Islam. ... dar al-Dawa (Arabic: house of invitation) is a term used to describe a region where the religion of Islam is newly arrived. ...

He emphasizes a Muslim's responsibility to his community, whether it be Islamic or not. He criticizes the 'us vs. them' mentality that some Muslims advocate against the West. He also advocates having Muslim scholars in the West who are versed in Western mores, and not relying on religious studies that come only from the Islamic world. He wants more Islamic philosophy written in European languages. He thinks that European Muslims' reliance on an "external" Islam, leaves them feeling inadequate and impure, which is one of the main causes of alienation from European culture.

He believes that most Muslims are quietly integrating quite successfully to European society. The main problems for the community arise from those who are ignorant of Western society.

He also worries about Western perceptions of Islam. He says the Muslim community has been bad at representing itself, and that has allowed westerners to confuse Islam with cultural traits, as well as political problems. For example, he believes that many notionally Islamic countries have governments which betray the principles of Islam.

He believes that the Muslim leadership in Europe is partially responsible for the sometimes shaky relations between Muslims and the rest of society. He believes that they have been overly defensive, and have not properly explained the philosophy of Islam, nor have they engaged sufficiently with non-Muslim society.

He stresses that a Muslim's freedom of religion is very extensive in Europe, and that permission for "un-Islamic" activities, such as drinking, or pre-marital sex, does not compel Muslims to do anything. Only a few situations warrant the invocation of the "clause of conscience" which allows a Muslim to make it clear that certain actions or behaviours are in contradiction of their faith. These are, participating in a war whose sole desire is for power or control; fighting or killing a fellow Muslim, unless their attitude is unjust or wrong; participating in an unlawful transaction (such as purchasing insurance, burial, incorrect slaughter). He stresses that in such cases the situation should be carefully analysed, and the degree of compulsion considered. Only non-violence and negotiation are acceptable in these cases.^[13] The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen guarantees freedom of religion, as long as religious activities do not infringe on public order in ways detrimental to society. ... Nonviolence (or non-violence) is a set of assumptions about morality, power and conflict that leads its proponents to reject the use of violence in efforts to attain social or political goals. ...

Ramadan has voiced his opposition to all forms of capital punishment but believes the Muslim world should remove such laws from within, without any Western pressure, as such would only further alienate Muslims, and instead bolster the position of those who support hudud punishments. He has said "Muslim populations are convincing themselves of the Islamic character of these practices through a rejection of the west, on the basis of a simplistic reasoning that stipulates that 'the less western, the more Islamic'."^[14] Capital punishment, or the death penalty, is the execution of a convicted criminal by the state as punishment for crimes known as capital crimes or capital offences. ... Nations with a Muslim majority appear in green, while nations that are approximately 50% Muslim appear yellow. ... Hudud ( Arabic , also transliterated hadud, hudood; plural for hadd, , limit, or restriction) is the word often used in Islamic social and legal literature for the bounds of acceptable behaviour and the punishments for serious crimes. ...

According to a MEMRI translation of an Egyptian television programme, Ramadan has written that, "the destruction of the State of Israel is currently impossible in practical terms" and that he, "supports the idea of 'one state' for both Jews and Arabs... as a step along the way to a solution."^[15] The Middle East Media Research Institute (German name identical, Hebrew name המכון לחקר התקשורת המזרח התיכון, abbreviated ממרי), or MEMRI for short, is a organization...

Politically, Ramadan was opposed to the 2003 invasion of Iraq. This article is about the 2003 invasion of Iraq. ...

He has condemned suicide bombing and violence as a tactic.^[16] Perhaps more importantly, he believes that terrorism is never justifiable, even though it is sometimes understandable.^[17] A suicide bombing is an attack using a bomb in which the individual(s) carrying the explosive materials composing the bomb intend(s) and expect(s) to die upon detonation (see suicide). ...

He was opposed to the French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools. The French law on secularity and conspicuous religious symbols in schools bans wearing conspicuous religious symbols in French public (i. ...

Ramadan wrote that the Muslim response to Pope Benedict XVI's speech on Islam was disproportionate, and was encouraged by reactionary Islamic regimes in order to distract their populations, and that it did not improve the position of Islam in the world.^[18] Pope Benedict XVI, January 2006 The Pope Benedict XVI Islam controversy arose from a lecture delivered on 12 September 2006 by Pope Benedict XVI at the University of Regensburg in Germany. ...

Oumma.com article controversy

Ramadan wrote an article entitled, Les (nouveaux) intellectuels communautaires, which French newspapers Le Monde and Le Figaro refused to publish. Oumma.com did eventually publish it. In the article he criticizes a number of Jewish intellectuals and figures such as Alexandre Adler, Alain Finkielkraut, Bernard-Henri Lévy, André Glucksmann and Bernard Kouchner (who - contrary to Ramadan's assumptions - is actually not Jewish) for allegedly abandoning universal human rights, and giving special status to the defence of Israel. He argued that support for the invasion of Iraq was justified as a means of defending Israel. He also criticized Paul Wolfowitz whom he called a notable Zionist.^[19] Ramadan was accused, in return, of anti-semitism and having used inflammatory language.^[20]. For the song by the Thievery Corporation, see Le Monde (song). ... Le Figaro (English: ) is one of the leading French morning daily newspapers. ... Alexander Adler is a French historian, journalist and expert of contemporary geopolitics, the former USSR, and the Middle East. ... Alain Finkielkraut (b. ... Bernard-Henri Lévy (born November 5, 1948 in Béni-Saf, Algeria) is a French intellectual and businessman. ... André Glucksmann, French philosopher and writer. ... -1... Paul Dundes Wolfowitz (born December 22, 1943) is a visiting scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, working on issues of international economic development, Africa and public-private partnerships. ...

Critical reception

Some academics have greeted his works with some enthusiasm, detecting liberalising and rationalising tendencies.^[21] Paul Donnelly at Salon.com asked rhetorically: "Tariq Ramadan: The Muslim Martin Luther?".^[22] Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Salon. ...

Others however have charged Ramadan with saying different things to different audiences; one thing to radical Islamists or young Muslims, and another to the western media or academia.

Caroline Fourest analysed Tariq Ramadan's 15 books, 1,500 pages of interviews, and approximately 100 recordings,^[23] and concludes "Ramadan is a war leader," and the "political heir of his grandfather," Hassan al-Banna, stating that his discourse is, "often just a repetition of the discourse that Banna had at the beginning of the 20th century in Egypt," and that he, "presents [al-Banna] as a model to be followed."^[5] Caroline Fourest is a French Feminist writer, journalist and author of Frère Tariq, a critical look at the works of the Islamic intellectual Tariq Ramadan. ...

Olivier Guitta, writing in The Weekly Standard, welcomed the US decision to refuse Ramadan a Visa, because Ramadan "calls Arabs ‘my brothers and sisters’ while addressing all others as ‘madam,’ ‘sir,’ or without any honorific". She further claimed that the former head of the French antiracism organization SOS Racisme, "Malek Boutih (an Arab Muslim), told Ramadan after talking with him at length: ‘Mr. Ramadan, you are a fascist.’"^[5] In an interview with Europe 1 Boutih likened him to "a small Le Pen"^[24]; in another interview he accused him of having crossed the line of racism and anti-Semitism, thus not genuinely belonging to the alter-globalization movement. Bertrand Delanoë, Socialist mayor of Paris, declared Ramadan unfit to participate at the European Social Forum, as not even "a slight suspicion of anti-Semitism" would be tolerable. Talking to Paris weekly Marianne, Fadela Amara, president of Ni Putes Ni Soumises (Neither Whores Nor Submissive, a French feminist movement), Aurélie Filippetti, municipal counsellor for the The Greens in Paris, Patrick Klugman, leading member of the Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France and Dominique Sopo, head of SOS-Racisme accuse Ramadan of having misused the alter-globalization movement's ingenuousness to advance his "radicalism and anti-Semitism."^[25] The Weekly Standard is an American neoconservative [1] magazine published 48 times per year. ... Anti-racism refers to beliefs, actions, movements, and policies adopted or developed to oppose racism. ... SOS Racisme is a French association whose stated objective is to fight racism. ... Malek Boutih Malek Boutih is a French politician. ... Europe 1, formerly known as Europe n° 1, is a privately owned radio station created in 1955. ... Le Pen may refer to : Jean-Marie Le Pen, a French politician. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Anti-globalization. ... Bertrand Delanoë at a Socialist rally in May 2007 Bertrand Delanoë (born May 30, 1950) ( ) is a French politician, and has been the mayor of Paris since 2001. ... Socialist Party is the name of several different socialist political parties around the world. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... The European Social Forum (ESF) is an annual conference held by members of the alter-globalization movement (also known as the Global Justice Movement). ... Marianne logo Marianne (ISSN 1275-7500) is a weekly Paris-based French magazine created in 1997 by Jean-François Kahn. ... Ni Putes Ni Soumises (Neither Whores Nor Submissives) is a French feminist movement, founded in 2002, which has already secured the recognition of the French press and parliament. ... Les Verts (or The Greens) are an ecologist political party to the left of the political spectrum in France. ... Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France (English: Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions) is an umbrella organization of French Jewish organizations. ...

Other critics, such as Daniel Pipes, have alleged that Ramadan is equivocal in his condemnation of suicide bombing, because he says that such actions are "contextually explainable".^[26] Pipes is also suspicious of various alleged links to Islamic fundamentalists, among whom he allegedly held a great deal of influence.^[27] Still other critics point out Ramadan's statements in the aftermath of the September 11th terrorist attacks called into question Osama bin Laden's involvement, and stated that no Muslims benefited from the attacks, a line also taken by some Islamic fundamentalists.^[28] Daniel Pipes in Copenhagen Daniel Pipes (born September 9, 1949) is an American historian and analyst who specializes in the Middle East. ... The World Trade Center on fire The September 11, 2001 attacks were a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11, 2001. ... Osama bin Muhammad bin Awad bin Laden (Arabic: ‎; born March 10, 1957[1]), most often mentioned as Osama bin Laden or Usama bin Laden, is a Saudi Arabian militant Islamist and is widely believed to be one of the founders of the organization called al-Qaeda. ...

Ramadan vehemently denies contacts with terrorists or other Islamic fundamentalists and the charges of anti-Semitism and double talk, who attributes the charges to misinterpretation and an unfamiliarity with his writings.^[29] He stated: "I have often been accused of this 'double discourse', and to those who say it, I say - bring the evidence. I am quite clear in what I say. The problem is that many people don't want to hear it, particularly in the media. Most of the stories about me are completely untrue: journalists simply repeat black propaganda from the internet without any corroboration, and it just confirms what they want to believe. Words are used out of context. There is double-talk, yes, but there is also double-hearing. That is what I want to challenge."^[16] To criticism of his response to September 11th, Ramadan replies that two days after the attacks he had published an open letter, exhorting Muslims to condemn the attacks and the attackers, and not to "hide behind conspiracy theories."^[30], and that less than two weeks after the attack he had stated that “The probability [of bin Laden's guilt] is large, but some questions remain unanswered … But whoever they are, bin Laden or others, it is necessary to find them and that they be judged,” and that the interview was conducted when no evidence was publicly available.^[31] The Eternal Jew: 1937 German poster. ...

Books

Written by Tariq Ramadan

• In the Footsteps of the Prophet: Lessons from the Life of Muhammad, 2007. ISBN 978-0195308808
• Western Muslims and the future of Islam, 2004. ISBN 0-19-517111-X
• To Be a European Muslim, 1999. ISBN 0-86037-300-2
• Islam, the West, and the Challenge of Modernity, 2001. ISBN 0-86037-311-8

About Tariq Ramadan

• Faut-il faire taire Tariq Ramadan ?, Aziz Zemouri; ISBN 2-84187-647-0
• Frère Tariq : Discours, stratégie et méthode de Tariq Ramadan, Caroline Fourest; ISBN 2-246-66791-7
  • Frère Tariq, Extraits exclusifs, Un livre de Caroline Fourest, L'Express, October 18, 2004
• Le sabre et le coran, Tariq Ramadan et les frères musulmans à la conquéte de l'Europe, Paul Landau, 2005, ISBN 2-268-05317-2
• Lionel Favrot : Tariq Ramadan dévoilé - hors série de Lyon Mag'.
• Jack-Alain Léger, Tartuffe fait Ramadan, Denoël, 2003,
• À contre CORAN, livre de Jack-Alain Léger, mars 2004, collection « Hors de moi », éditions HC
• Tariq Ramadan und die Islamisierung Europas, Ralph Ghadban; ISBN 3-89930-150-1

Caroline Fourest is a French Feminist writer, journalist and author of Frère Tariq, a critical look at the works of the Islamic intellectual Tariq Ramadan. ... LExpress is the name the first news magazine in France. ...

References

For other uses, see BBC (disambiguation). ... The Weekly Standard is an American Conservative political magazine published 48 times per year. ... ... is the 175th day of the year (176th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 269th day of the year (270th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... ... The United States Department of the Treasury is a Cabinet department, a treasury, of the United States government established by an Act of U.S. Congress in 1789 to manage the revenue of the United States government. ... ... The Middle East Media Research Institute (German name identical, Hebrew name המכון לחקר התקשורת המזרח התיכון, abbreviated ממרי), or MEMRI for short, is a organization... The New Statesman is a left-of-centre political weekly published in London. ... Salon. ... The International Herald Tribune is a widely read English language international newspaper. ... is the 263rd day of the year (264th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Salon. ... Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France (English: Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions) is an umbrella organization of French Jewish organizations. ... is the 5th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Le Pen may refer to : Jean-Marie Le Pen, a French politician. ... Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France (English: Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions) is an umbrella organization of French Jewish organizations. ... is the 300th day of the year (301st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Socialist Party is the name of several different socialist political parties around the world. ... Europe 1, formerly known as Europe n° 1, is a privately owned radio station created in 1955. ... The European Social Forum (ESF) is an annual conference held by members of the alter-globalization movement (also known as the Global Justice Movement). ... In France, RTL is a popular nation-wide commercial radio network owned by the RTL Group. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Anti-globalization. ... Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France (English: Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions) is an umbrella organization of French Jewish organizations. ... Les Verts (or The Greens) are an ecologist political party to the left of the political spectrum in France. ... Conseil Représentatif des Institutions juives de France (English: Representative Council of French Jewish Institutions) is an umbrella organization of French Jewish organizations. ... The American Thinker, is a daily internet publication with articles on the topics of national security, economics, diplomacy, and military strategy[1]. The articles published are often mentioned on The Rush Limbaugh Show. ... The Globe and Mail is a large Canadian English language national newspaper based in Toronto. ...

External links

• www.tariqramadan.com Tariq Ramadan's website
• Homepage of prof. dr. Tariq Ramadan at the Erasmus University Rotterdam
• How Muslims can be European too, article about Ramadan in The Christian Science Monitor
• A case for reform, New Statesman article
• Birth of the Moslem intellectual in the French media (1989-2005), by Tristan Waleckx, University of Montpellier
• Living together: an interview with Tariq Ramadan, Red Pepper (magazine)
• Tariq Ramadan Has an Identity Issue, New York Times profile.
• Trying to Bridge A Great Divide, Ramadan named as a "Next Wave innovator" by Time Magazine
• Banned in America, by John Tirman, AlterNet
• Profile - Tariq Ramadan, by Andrew Hussey, New Statesman
• Interview: Tariq Ramadan, Prospect magazine interview by Ehsan Masood
• A Visa Revoked, Washington Post editorial
• Secularism no problem for European Muslims, at Islamonline.net
• My fellow Muslims, we must fight anti-Semitism, Haaretz article
• Scholar says Muslims mistrust the West, interview at swissinfo
• Why exclude a Muslim voice?, Boston Globe article
• Tariq Ramadan coming to the US?, American Thinker article
• Tariq Ramadan, Reformist or Islamist?, Middle East Media Research Institute article
• Why Tariq Ramadan? Islamica Magazine article
• US Inconsistent in Denying Tariq Ramadan Visa: Judge, at Islamonline.net
• Under suspicion, an article on Ramadan, at signandsight.com
• Islamic “Reformism” and Jihad: On the Discourse of Tariq Ramadan, Paul Landau, adapted from chapter 8 of Le Sabre et le Coran, translated from the French by Transatlantic Intelligencer , 2005
• The State Department was right
• Mother Jones article on Muslim Brotherhood
• Bridging the Widening Gap between Islam & Christianity MSNBC Video
• Humphrys in Search of God with Tariq Ramadan (BBC)
• Prospect magazine article "Islam's reformers" on Wanabehuman
• "Frère Tariq: a case study in political paranoia", Lenin's Tomb blog, September 15, 2007