Ternopil' (Тернопіль in Ukrainian, Tarnopol in Polish, Ternopol in Russian) is a city in Western Ukraine, located at the banks of the Seret river. It is the capital of Ternopil's'ka oblast'.
Ternopil is one of three main cities of Eastern Galicia. It is located 132 km away from Lviv. The city has a population of 221,300 (2004).
Ternopil is famous for rock festivals and great subcultural movements.
Tarnopol received the Emporium Right in 1566, (the duty of storing the merchandise of the merchants who were going through the town, and the privilege of the people of the town to be the first to buy the merchandise).
In the beginning of the eighteenth century, the rabbi of Tarnopol was named Rabbi Yoshua Heshel, the son of the chief of the Rabbinical Court, and leader of the community of Brody.
The Jewish community in Tarnopol was distinguished during the second half of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century in education, welfare, and culture.
Tarnopol was almost completely destroyed by Turks and Tatars in 1675 and rebuilt by Aleksander Koniecpolski but did not recover its previous glory until it passed to Marie Casimire, the wife of king Jan III Sobieski in 1690.
Among the towns destroyed by Chmielnicki during his march of devastation from Zloczow through Galicia was Tarnopol, the large Jewish population of which carried on an extensive trade.
After the second partition of Poland, Tarnopol came under Austrian domination and Joseph Perl was able to continue his efforts to improve the condition of the Jews there, which he had begun under Russian rule.
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