A temperate planet, it was colonized by Terran prisoners who landed in the vessel, the Nagglfar. This supercarrier vessel had on board the ATLAS, an artificial intelligence which also recorded information on Terran technology and mutations. This technological information gave the Tarsonians an edge over the three nearby colonies and resulted in the Terran Confederacy being the most powerful of the three factions.
Tarsonis was devastated by the Zerg at the end of Episode I of StarCraft, but shortly after the Zerg abandoned the planet. Since then, it has been barren and empty, with only a few Zerg, though Sarah Kerrigan briefly used it as her headquarters.
Another supercarrier, the Argo, landed on Moria, and the Nagglfar landed on Tarsonis.
The colonists of Tarsonis had access to ATLAS, an artificial intelligence installed on the Nagglfar, which included valuable information on technology.
When the three reestablished contact, the Tarsonian government, which began to call itself the Terran Confederacy, attempted to convince the other two colonies to join in a conglomerate government, but Moria and Umoja refused.