Two versions of the Tatar alphabet are currently used for the Tatar language. The first one is based on the Cyrillic alphabet and another one is based on the Latin alphabet. The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... Latin is an Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ...

Latin version

The Latin version of the Tatar alphabet contains 35 letters. There are 10 vowels and 25 consonants. There are 10 extra letters, namely; Çç, Çç, Ğğ, Şş, Ññ, Ää, Öö, Üü, Iı, İi and Íí. The other letters are the same in both alphabets, but they are pronounced differently. Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-07-18, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... Listen to this article · (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-07-20, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ...

A, Ä, B, C, Ç, D, E, F, G, Ğ, H, I, İ, Í, J, K, L, M, N, Ñ, O, Ö, P, Q, R, S, Ş, T, U, Ü, V, W, X, Y, Z. The letter A is the first (1st) letter in the Latin alphabet. ... Ä, or ä, is a glyph which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, the letter A with umlaut, or a letter A with diaeresis. ... The letter B is the second letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ... C (lowercase c) is the third letter of the Roman alphabet. ... A cedilla is a hook (¸) added under certain consonant letters as a diacritic mark to modify their pronunciation. ... The letter D is the fourth letter of the Latin alphabet. ... The letter E is the fifth letter in the Latin alphabet. ... The letter F is the sixth (6th) letter in the Latin alphabet. ... G is the seventh letter in the Roman alphabet. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... H is the eighth letter of the Latin alphabet. ... Due to MediaWikis uppercase algorithm, ı (lower case dotless i) will bring you here. ... İ i are letters used in the Turkish, Azerbaijani, and Tatar languages. ... The acute accent ( Â´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ... For the programming language, see J programming language. ... For the Arthurian character named Kay, see Sir Kay. ... L is the twelfth letter of the Latin alphabet. ... M is the thirteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. ... N is the fourteenth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ... Ñ is to the right of the L on a Spanish keyboard layout. ... O is the fifteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. ... Ö, or ö, is a glyph which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, the letter O with umlaut, or a letter O with diaeresis. ... P is the 16th letter of the Latin alphabet. ... Q is the 17th letter of the Latin alphabet. ... R is the eighteenth letter of the Latin alphabet. ... S is the nineteenth letter in the modern Latin alphabet. ... Ş ş (S-cedilla) is a letter used in Turkish, Azeri, Tatar, Kurdish and Turkmenian languages. ... T is the twentieth letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ... U is the twenty-first letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ... Ãœ, or ü, is a glyph which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, the letter U with umlaut, or a letter U with diaeresis. ... V is the twenty-second letter in the modern Latin alphabet. ... W is the twenty-third letter of the modern Latin alphabet. ... X is the twenty-fourth letter of the Latin alphabet. ... Y is the twenty-fifth letter of the Latin alphabet. ... Z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the English alphabet. ...

Tatar vowels are: a/ä, o/ö, u/ü, í/i, ı/e.

The symbol «'» is used for the Arabic sound glottal stop (known as hamza in Tatar). The glottal stop or voiceless glottal plosive is a type of consonantal sound, used in many spoken languages. ... For the Sahaba, see Hamza ibn Abd al-Muttalib For Hamza, the letter Ø¡ in the Arabic alphabet, representing /Ê”/, see (glottal stop). ...

It is possible to use these letters for writing words of non-Tatar origin: Á, Â, É, Ó, Ú The acute accent ( Â´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ... The circumflex ( ˆ ) is a diacritic mark used in written Greek, French, Esperanto, Norwegian, Romanian, Slovak, Vietnamese, Japanese romaji, Welsh, Portuguese, Italian, and other languages. ... The acute accent ( Â´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ... The acute accent ( Â´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ... The acute accent ( Â´ ) is a diacritic mark used in many modern written languages with alphabets based on the Latin script. ...

The Tatarstan government declared encoding with the characters listed above. But it also recommended using non-standard fonts for publishing. In publishing the Ə letter can be used instead of Ä, Ө instead of Ö and Ŋ instead of Ñ Crimean Tatar has its own written form, with some differences from the Kazan Tatar orthography: there is no x, w, ä or í. Capital Kazan (Qazan) Area - total - % water 47th - 67,836. ... Vowels Near-close Close-mid Mid Open-mid Near-open Open Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a rounded vowel. ... Ä, or ä, is a glyph which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, the letter A with umlaut, or a letter A with diaeresis. ... Ö, or ö, is a glyph which represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, the letter O with umlaut, or a letter O with diaeresis. ... #REDIRECT Electronic news gathering ... Ñ is to the right of the L on a Spanish keyboard layout. ... The Crimean Tatar language or Crimean-Turkish (in its own script: Qırımtatar tili, Qırım Tatar dili resp. ...

Pronunciation

Tatar writing is completely phonetic, full WYSIWYS (what you see is what you say). This rule excludes recent loanwords, such as summit and names.

• A – a as in "ugly"
• Ä – ä as in "man", but less open
• B – be as in "bell"
• C – ce as in "jet" but without first [d]
• Ç – çe as in "chair" but without first [t]
• D – de as in "decade"
• E – e as in "six"
• F – fe as in "federal"
• G – ge as in "get"
• Ğ – ğı is back version of g
• H – he as in "helicopter"
• I – ı as in "number"
• İ – i as in "kiss"
• Í – í as in "mankey"
• J – je as in "pleasure" (Tatar garaj = garage, pronounced as in French & English)
• K – ke as in "kettle"
• L – le as in "leg"
• M – me as in "men"
• N – ne as in "never"
• Ñ – eñ as in "English"
• O – o as in "orchestra"
• Ö – ö as in "urge" and like German ö
• P – pe as in "pen"
• Q – qu as in "Iraq"
• R – re as in "carramba"
• S – se as in "sell"
• Ş – şe as in "shelf"
• T – te as in "telephone"
• U – u as in "oops!"
• Ü – ü as in "fruit, nude" and like German ü
• V – ve as in "vegetable"
• W – we as in "wall"
• Y – ye as in "yes"
• X – xa as "kh", or like Scottish "ch" in "loch"
• Z – ze as in "zebra"

Cyrillic version

The Cyrilic version of the Tatar alphabet contains 39 letters:

А Ә Б В Г Д Е (Ё) Ж Җ З И Й К Л М Н Ң О Ө П Р С Т У Ү Ф Х Һ Ц Ч Ш Щ Ь Ы Ъ Э Ю Я

Unlike Tatar Latin, Tatar Cyrillic is not WYSIWYS.

Changing of alphabets

History of Tatar writing

Before 1928, the Tatar language was usually written using the Arabic alphabet (or, more correctly, Persian alphabet) when it was written at all. The writing system was inherited from Bolgar. See Iske imla. 1928 was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing in the Arabic language. ... Persian (فارسی = Fârsi . ... Болгар - рус - инглиз сyзлеге Булгаро - русcко - английский словарь The Bоlgarian - Russian - English dictionary ( икенче виртуаль басма ) http://dgienbolgar. ... İske imlâ (Tatar language for Old Orthography) is a variant of Arabic alphabet, used for Tatar language before 1920 and Old Tatar language. ...

The most ancient of Tatar literature (in Bolgar) was created in the beginning of the 13th century. (Qíssai Yosıf by Qol-Ğäli). Until 1905 all literature was in Old Tatar, which was evolved from the Bolgar, which differed from modern Tatar. Since 1905 gazettes came to use modern Tatar in publishing. In 1918 the alphabet was revised (see: Yanga imla; some letters for Tatar sounds were added, some Arabic letters were deleted). A Latin alphabet (Janalif) was created for it in 1927. However, from 1939 until 2000, the Tatar language was written in a modified Cyrillic alphabet. The transition to a revised Latin alphabet (another version, differ from Janalif) [1] should be completed in 2011, if current legal obstacles do not prevent it. Tatarstan's government as well as human rights groups strongly oppose the Russian Federal Law On Languages of Peoples of the Russian Federation passed in 2002. (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... Old Tatar language (İske Tatar tele) is a literary language used in the Khanate of Kazan and among Muslim Tatars. ... Болгар - рус - инглиз сyзлеге Булгаро - русcко - английский словарь The Bоlgarian - Russian - English dictionary ( икенче виртуаль басма ) http://dgienbolgar. ... 1905 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... 1918 was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ... Jaŋalif or Yañalif /yang-a-LEEF/ (Tatar: new alphabet - yaña älif -> yañalif), was the first Latin writing system was used in the Soviet epoch Tatar language in 1930s. ... 1927 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1939 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will take you to calendar). ... This article is about the year 2000. ... The Cyrillic alphabet (or azbuka, from the old name of the first letters) is an alphabet used to write six natural Slavic languages (Belarusian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Serbian, and Ukrainian) and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. ... The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most widely used alphabetic writing system in the world today. ... Jaŋalif or Yañalif /yang-a-LEEF/ (Tatar: new alphabet - yaña älif -> yañalif), was the first Latin writing system was used in the Soviet epoch Tatar language in 1930s. ... 2011 (MMXI) is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2002 (MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The first printed Tatar book used the Armenian alphabet in the 17th century and was printed in Leipzig (However, this is disputed). Another is Peter the Great's Manifest, printed in Arabic script on the tsar's ship during his voyage to Astrakhan. Armenian alphabet in Matenadaran Saint Mesrop Mashtots created the Armenian alphabet in 405 AD. It is used for the Armenian language. ... Leipzig ▶(?) [] (Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk) is the largest city in the federal state (Bundesland) of Saxony in Germany. ... Portrait of Peter by Paul Delaroche Peter I (Russian: ) (10 June 1672–8 February 1725 [30 May 1672– 28 January 1725 O.S.] ) ruled Russia from 7 May (27 April O.S.) 1682 until his death. ... The Arabic alphabet is the script used for writing the Arabic language, which is the language of the Quran, the holy book of Islam. ...

Printed books appeared en masse in 1801 when the first private typography ("Oriental typography") in Kazan appeared. The first typewriter in the Arabic alphabet was created in Tatarstan in the 1920s. See Janalif (typewriter) The Tatar Cyrillic script requires the Russian alphabet plus 6 extra letters: Әә, Өө, Үү, Җҗ, Ңң, Һһ. 1801 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Typographic work Typography (from the Greek words typos = form and grapho = write) is the art and technique of selecting and arranging type styles, point sizes, line lengths, line leading, character spacing, and word spacing for typeset applications. ... Kazan (Tatar Qazan, Казан, Russian Казань) is the capital city of Tatarstan and one of Russias largest cities. ... This Smith Premier typewriter, purchased around the end of the 19th century, was found abandoned in the Bodie ghost town. ... The modern Russian alphabet is a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet (Кириллица). It was introduced into Kievan Rus (Киевская Русь) at the time of its conversion to Christianity (988), or, if certain archaelogical finds are correctly dated, at a slightly earlier date. ...

Before the 1980s, extra letters were placed after the original Russian ones, but in the 1990s the extra letters were inserted after their pairmates.

The Keräşen Tatar ethnic group has used another Cyrillic alphabet, based on Russian, since the 19th century. This alphabet requires the Russian alphabet with pre-1917 orthography for Russian Christian religious words and Cyrillic letters А, О, У with umlauts for Tatar vowels and the ligature НГ (Ng). This alphabet is related to the Mari alphabet and was used because Christian Tatars couldn't use the Arabic script. Ä ä Ö ö Ãœ ü The term umlaut is used for two closely related notions: a special kind of vowel modification and a particular diacritic mark. ... The Mari (also known as Cheremis in Russian and Çirmeş in Tatar) are a Volga-Finnic people in the Volga area, the natives of Mari El, Russia. ...

See also

• Tatar language

The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages. ...

External links

• Information about Tatar writing