In mathematics, Tate cohomology groups are a slightly modified form of the usual cohomology groups of a finite group that combine homology and cohomology groups into one sequence. They were invented by John Tate, and are used in class field theory. In abstract algebra, homological algebra, algebraic topology and algebraic number theory, as well as in applications to group theory proper, group cohomology is a way to study groups using a sequence of functors H n. ... You may be looking for John Tate (boxer) John Torrence Tate, born March 13, 1925 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, is an American mathematician, distinguished for many fundamental contributions in algebraic number theory and related areas in algebraic geometry. ... In mathematics, class field theory is a major branch of algebraic number theory. ...

Definition

If G is a finite group and A a G-module, then there is a natural map N from H₀(G,A) to H⁰(G,A) taking a representative a to Σ g(a) (the sum over all G-conjugates of a). The Tate cohomology groups are defined by

• for n≥ 1.
• cokernel of N = quotient of H⁰(G,A) by norms
• kernel of N = subgroup of norm 0 elements of H₀(G,A)
• for n≤ −2.

Properties

If

is a short exact sequence of G-modules, then we get the usual long exact sequence of Tate cohomology groups:

If A is an induced G module then all Tate cohomology groups of A vanish.

The zeroth Tate cohomology group of A is

(Fixed points of G on A)/(Obvious fixed points of G acting on A)

where by the "obvious" fixed point we mean those of the form Σ g(a). In other words, the zeroth cohomology group in some sense describes the non-obvious fixed points of G acting on A.

The Tate cohomology groups are characterized by the three properties above.

Tate's theorem

Tate's theorem gives conditions for multiplication by a cohomology class to be an isomorphism between cohomology groups. There are several slightly different versions of it; a version that is particularly convenient for class field theory is as follows: In mathematics, class field theory is a major branch of algebraic number theory. ...

Suppose that A is a module over a finite group G and a is an element of H²(G,A), such that for every subgroup E of G

• H¹(E,A) is trivial, and
• H²(E,A) is generated by Res(a) which has order E.

Then cup product with a is an isomorphism

for all n; in other words the graded Tate cohomology of A is isomorphic to the Tate cohomology with integral coefficients, with the degree shifted by 2.

Tate-Farrell cohomology

Farrell extended Tate cohomology groups to the case of all groups G of finite virtual cohomological dimension. In Farrell's theory, the groups are isomorphic to the usual cohomology groups whenever n is greater than the virtual cohomological dimension of the group G. Finite groups have virtual cohomological dimension 0, and in this case Farrell's cohomology groups are the same as those of Tate.

See also

• Herbrand quotient
• Class formation

In mathematics, a class formation is a structure used to organize the various Galois groups and modules that appear in class field theory. ...

References

• Cohomology of Groups Kenneth S. Brown ISBN 0-387-90688-6
• Cohomology of groups, Atiyah and Wall, in Algebraic Number Theory by J. W. S. Cassels, A. Frohlich ISBN 0-12-163251-2
• Farrell, F. Thomas An extension of Tate cohomology to a class of infinite groups. J. Pure Appl. Algebra 10 (1977/78), no. 2, 153-161.
• Tate, John The higher dimensional cohomology groups of class field theory. Ann. of Math. (2) 56, (1952). 294-297.