Dendrobium Orchid in southern Florida

The taxonomy of the orchid family has evolved slowly during the last 150 years, starting with Carolus Linnaeus who in 1753 recognized eight genera. De Jussieu recognized the Orchidaceae as a separate family in 1789. Olof Swartz recognized 25 genera in 1800. Louis Claude Richard provided us in 1817 with the descriptive terminology of the orchids. The next step was taken in 1830-1840 by John Lindley, who recognised four subfamilies. He is generally recognized as the father of orchid taxonomy. The next important step was taken by George Bentham in 1881 with a new classification, recognizing subtribes for the first time. The next great contributors were Pfitzer (1887), Schlechter (1926), Mansfeld (1937), Dressler and Dodson (1960), Garay (1960, 1972), Vermeulen (1966), again Dressler (1981) and Burns-Balogh and Funk (1986). Download high resolution version (600x800, 175 KB)Orchid in southern Florida Downloaded from : [[1]] Credits : U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Center for Coastal Geology Image linked to Taxonomy of the orchid family File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old... Download high resolution version (600x800, 175 KB)Orchid in southern Florida Downloaded from : [[1]] Credits : U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, Center for Coastal Geology Image linked to Taxonomy of the orchid family File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old... A painting of Carolus Linnaeus Carl Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as Carl von Linné (   listen?), and who wrote under the Latinized name Carolus Linnaeus (May 23, 1707 – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of taxonomy. ... Portrait of Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (April 12, 1748 - September 17, 1836) was a French botanist. ... 1789 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Louis Claude Marie Richard (September 19, 1754 - June 6, 1821) was a French botanist. ... 1817 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... George Bentham George Bentham (September 22, 1800 – September 10, 1884) was an English botanist, perhaps the greatest systematic botanist of the 19th century. ... 1881 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1887 is a common year starting on Saturday (click on link for calendar). ... Friedrich Richard Rudolf Schlechter (1872-1925) was a German taxonomist, botanist, and author of several works on orchids. ... 1926 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1937 was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1960 was a leap year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... 1966 was a common year starting on Saturday (link goes to calendar) // Events January January 1 - In a coup, Colonel Jean-Bédel Bokassa ousts president David Dacko and takes over the Central African Republic. ... 1981 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1986 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The following taxonomy follows largely the classification system of Robert Louis Dressler, an orchid specialist and adjunct curator at the Florida Museum of Natural History. This classification, published in the book The Orchids: Natural History and Classification, is widely accepted by botanists and growers. The initial scheme of 1981 has been modified in 1986, twice in 1990. and then again in 1993. This is the most comprehensive classification at the moment. But it relies heavily on morphology and a few key characters, such as anther configuration and pollinarium structure. Taxonomy (from Greek ταξινομία (taxinomia) from the words taxis = order and nomos = law) may refer to either the classification of things, or the principles underlying the classification. ... Classification may refer to: Taxonomic classification See also class (philosophy) Statistical classification Hint: Language use may refer to a taxonomic classification that is used for statistical purposes also as a statistical classification (like International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems). ... Orchid re-directs here; for alternate uses see Orchid (disambiguation) Genera Over 800 See List of Orchidaceae genera. ... Botany is the scientific study of plant life. ... 1981 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1986 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1990 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Morphology is the following: In linguistics, morphology is the study of the structure of word forms. ... Flower of the spider tree (Crateva religiosa) with its numerous conspicuous stamens The stamen is the male organ of a flower. ...

According to morphological cladistics and research with rbcL nucleotide sequences, the orchid family, as well as the clades within the family, are a monophyletic group. There is a great similarity with the traditional taxonomy, except for the Vandoideae, but on lower levels, matters are still unresolved. Few tribes, as circumscribed here below, are monophyletic. Cladistic and molecular methods give us a firmer basis, but the classification is still an ongoing issue. There is even no strong support for the interelationships of the subfamilies. Furthermore, about 150 species and even new genera are still being discovered each year. This cladogram shows the relationship among various insect groups. ... In phylogenetics, a group is monophyletic (Greek: of one stem) if all organisms in that group are known to have developed from a common ancestral form, and all descendants of that form are included in the group. ...

The orchid family (Orchidaceae) is subdivided in several subfamilies, and then in tribes, subtribes, alliances and then genera. Genera Over 800 See List of Orchidaceae genera. ...

According to Dressler, there are 5 subfamilies, 22 tribes, 70 subtribes, about 850 genera and about 20,000 species in this family.

The following subfamilies are recognized :

• Subfamily Apostasioideae : monophyletic - the most primitive orchids : 3 fertile anthers or two fertile anthers and a filamentous staminode.
• Subfamily Cypripedioideae : monophyletic - 2 fertile diandrous anthers, a shield-shaped staminode and a saccate (= pouch-like) lip.
• Subfamily Orchidoideae : single, fertile monandrous, basitonic anther.
  • (Subfamily Spiranthoideae) : nested within a more broadly defined Orchidoideae
• Subfamily Epidendroideae : includes almost 80 % of the orchid species; monophyletic; orchids with an incumbent to suberect ( = ascending towards the edges) anther.
  • (Subfamily Higher Epidendroideae (formerly Vandoideae) : specialised clade within a more broadly defined Epidendroideae
• Subfamily Vanilloideae : an ancient clade now recognized as a distinct subfamily. But, from a molecular point of view, it is rather a sister to subfamily Epidendroideae + subfamily Orchidoideae. This subfamily is a branch at the basal dichotomy of the monandrous orchids.

As the Genera Orchidacearum (Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F.; Oxford Univ. Press.) will only be completed in 2006-2007, and changes in taxonomy of orchids are so frequent, the following taxonomy still follows largely the system of Robert Louis Dressler. Genera Apostasia Neuwiedia The subfamily Apostasioideae belongs to the orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Flower of the spider tree (Crateva religiosa) with its numerous conspicuous stamens The stamen is the male organ of a flower. ... In botany, a staminode is an often rudimentary, sterile or abortive stamen. ... Genera See Taxonomy of the orchid family. ... The Labellum (or Lip) is a part of an orchid. ... Tribes See text The Orchidoideae , or the orchidoid orchids, are a subfamily of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Tribes See text The Epidendroideae, or epidendroid orchids, are a subfamily of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Tribes Poginiinae Vanillinae Vanilloideae (Lindley) Szlachetko, is one of the subfamilies of orchids belonging to the large family Orchidaceae. ...

Dragon's Mouth Orchid (Arethusa bulbosa)

Dragons mouth orchid (Aretha bulbosa). ... Dragons mouth orchid (Aretha bulbosa). ... Binomial name Arethusa bulbosa Arethusa bulbosa L., or Dragons Mouth, is the only species in this orchid genus. ...

Subfamily ORCHIDOIDEAE

Cranefly Orchid (Tipularia discolor)

Tribe CRANICHIDEAE : The former subfamily SPIRANTHOIDEAE is now embedded in the clade Orchideoideae as the tribe Cranichideae.. Species of this polyphyletic tribe occur in North and South America; all subtribes are monophyletic. Cranefly Orchid (Tipularia discolor). ... Cranefly Orchid (Tipularia discolor). ...

• Subtribe :CRANICHIDINAE
  • Alliance : PRESCOTTI
    • Genera : Altensteinia, Cranichis, Ponthieva, Prescottia
• Subtribe GOODYERINAE
  • Alliance GOODYERA
    • Genera : Goodyera, Ludisia, Platythelys
  • Alliance : PONTHIEVA
    • Genera : Baskervilla, Cranichis; Ponthieva
• Subtribe PACHYPLECTRONINAE
  • Genera : Pachyplectron
• Subtribe PRESCOTTIINAE
  • Genera : Altensteinia
• Subtribe SPIRANTHINAE
  • Genera : Aphyllorchis, Spiranthes
• Subtribe : MANNIELLINAE
  • Genera :Manniella

Tribe DICERATOSTELEAE

• • Genera : Diceratostele

Tribe TROPIDEAE

• • Genera : Tropidia

Tribe ERYTHRODEAE : All species in this tribe occur in Asia, Africa, and Australia.

• • Alliance ANOECTOCHILUS
    • Genera : Anoectochilus, Zeuxine

The following tribes of this subfamily contains some 2,800 species. occurring in the temperate climates of Europe, Africa, and Australia. The species are mainly terrestrial plants with slender stems, spiraling leaves, and mealy pollen. They all have a unique thickened root-stem tuberoid storage organ.

Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid (Platanthera leucophaea)

Tribe DISEAE Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid (Platanthera leucophaea Downloaded from : [[1]] Credits  : US Fish & Wildlife Service Image linked to Taxonomy of the orchid family File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Eastern Prairie Fringed Orchid (Platanthera leucophaea Downloaded from : [[1]] Credits  : US Fish & Wildlife Service Image linked to Taxonomy of the orchid family File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ...

• Subtribe BROWNLEEINAE
  • genus : Brownleea
• Subtribe CORYCIINAE
  • genera: Ceratandra, Corycium, Disperis, Evotella, Pterygodium.
• Subtribe : DISINAE
  • Genera : Disa, Schizodium
• Subtribe HUTTONAEINAE
  • genus : Huttonaea
• Subtribe : SATYRIINAE
  • Genera : Pachites, Satyrium

Tribe DIURIDEAE  : about 550 species

• Subtribe : ACIANTHINAE
  • Genera  : Acianthus, Corybas, Cyrtostylis, Stigmatodactylus, Townsonia.

Aceras anthropophorum

• Subtribe : CALADENIINAE
  • Genera : Adenochilus, Aporostylis, Caladenia, Cyanicula, Elythranthera, Eriochilus, Glossodia, Leptoceras, Praecoxanthus.
• Subtribe : CRYPTOSTYLIDINAE
  • Genera : Coilochilus, Cryptostylis
• Subtribe : DIURIDINAE
  • Genera : Diuris, Orthoceras
• Subtribe DRAKAEINAE
  • Genera : Arthrochilus, Calaena, Chiloglottis, Drakaea, Spiculaea.
• Subtribe MEGASTYLIDINAE
  • Genera : Burnettia, Leporella, Lyperanthus, Megastylis, Pyrorchis, Rimacola, Waireia.
• Subtribe : PRASOPHYLLINAE
  • Genera : Genoplesium, Microtis, Prasophyllum
• Subtribe RHIZANTHELLINAE
  • Genus : Rhizantella
• Subtribe THELYMITRINAE
  • genera : Calochilus, Epiblema, Thelymitra

Tribe CHLORAEEAE : South-America Species See text Acianthus Brown, 1810 is a small Australasian genus of 21 species from the orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (960x1280, 492 KB) Name Aceras anthropophorum Familiy Orchidaceae Taken by Carsten Niehaus in March 2004. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (960x1280, 492 KB) Name Aceras anthropophorum Familiy Orchidaceae Taken by Carsten Niehaus in March 2004. ...

• Genera : Bipinnula, Chloraea, Gavilea, Geoblasta, Megastylis

Tribe CODONORCHIDEAE

• Genus : Codonorchis

Tribe CRANICHIDEAE

• Subtribe Cranichidinae
  • Genera : Aa, Altensteinia, Baskervilla, Cranichis, Exalaria, Fuertesiella, Gomphichis, Myrosmodes, Nothostele, Ponthieva, Porphyrostachys, Prescottia, Pseudocentrum, Pseudocranichis, Pterichis, Solenocentrum, Stenoptera.
• Subtribe Galeotiellinae
  • Genus : Galeotiella
• Subtribe Goodyerinae
  • Genera : Aenhenrya, Anoectochilus, Aspidogyne, Chamaegastrodia, Cheirostylis, Cystorchis, Danhatchia, Dassinia, Erythrodes, Eurycentrum, Gonatostylis, Goodyera, Halleorchis, Herpysma, Hetaeria, Hylophila, Kreodanthus, Kuhlhasseltia, Lepidogyne, Lageophila, Laudisia, Macodes, Microchilus, Myrmechis, Odontochilus, Orchipedum, Pachyplectron, Papuaea, Platylepis, Platythelys, Rhamphorhynchus, Rhomboda, Stephanothelys, Vrydagzybea, Zeuxine.
• Subtribe Mannielinae
  • Genus : Manniella
• Subtribe Pterostylidinae
  • Genus : Pterostylis
• Subtribe Spiranthinae
  • Genera : Aracamunia, Aulosepalum, Beloglottis, Brachystele, Buchtienia, Coccineorchis, Cotylolabium, Cybebus, Cyclopogon, Degranvillea, Deiregyne, Dichromanthus, Discyphus, Eltroplectris, Eurystyles, Funkiella, Hapalorchis, Helonoma, Kionophyton, Lankesterella, Lyroglossa, Mesadenella, Mesadenus, Microthelys, Odontorrhynchus, Pelexia, Physogyne, Pseudogoodyera, Pteroglossa, Sacoila, Sarcoglottis, Sauroglossum, Schiedeella, Skeptrostachys, Spiranthes, Stalkya, Stenorrhynchos, Svenkoeltzia, Thelyschista, Veyretia.

Tribe ORCHIDEAE : largest tribe, containing more than 1,700 species.

Prairie White-Fringed Orchid (Habenaria leucohaea)

• Subtribe: ORCHIDINAE
  • Genera : Aceratorchis, Amerorchis, Amitostigma, Anacamptis, Androcorys, Barlia, Bartholina, Benthamia, Bonatea, Brachycorythis, Centrostigma, Chamorchis, Chondradenia, Comperia, Cynorchis, Dactylorhiza, Diphylax, Diplomeris, Dracomonticola, Galearis, Gennaria, Gymnadenia, Habenaria, Hemipilia, Herminium, Himantoglossum, Holothrix, Megalorchis, Neobolusia, Neotinea, Neottianthe, Oligophyton, Ophrys, Orchis, Pecteilis, Peristylus, Physoceras, Platanthera, Platycoryne, Ponerorchis, Porolabium, Pseudorchis, Roeperocharis, Schizochilus, Serapias, Smithorchis, Stenoglottis, Steveniella, Symphyosepalum, Thulinia, Traunsteinera, Tylostigma, Veyretella.

Purple Fringed orchid (Platanthera grandiflora)

Habenaria leucohaea (Prairie White-Fringed Orchid) Downloaded from : [[1]] Credits : US Environmental Agency Image linked to Taxonomy of the orchid family File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Habenaria leucohaea (Prairie White-Fringed Orchid) Downloaded from : [[1]] Credits : US Environmental Agency Image linked to Taxonomy of the orchid family File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Species See text - two species Aceratorchis Schlechter, 1922 is a small genus from the orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Species About 40 The genus Ophrys is a large group of orchids from the alliance Orchis in the subtribe Orchidinae. ... List of genera in the Orchid family (Orchidaceae), originally according to The Families of Flowering Plants - L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz. ... Download high resolution version (792x1184, 156 KB)Purple Fringed Orchid (Platanthera grandiflora). ... Download high resolution version (792x1184, 156 KB)Purple Fringed Orchid (Platanthera grandiflora). ...

Subfamily EPIDENDROIDEAE

This is the largest subfamily. It comprises more than 10,000 species in about 90 to 100 genera. Most are tropical epiphytes (usually with pseudobulbs), but some are terrestrials and even a few saprophytes. All show a unique development of the single anther : it is incumbent forming a right angle with the column axis or pointed backward in many genera. Most have hard pollinia, i.e. a mass of waxy pollen or of coherent pollen grains; pollinia with caudicle and viscidium or without; stigma entire or 3-lobed; rostellum present; 1-locular ovary; leaves : distichous or spiraling An example of an epiphyte assemblage of orchids and bromeliads in a garden setting The term epiphyte refers to any plant that grows upon or attached to another living plant. ... The pseudobulb is a storage organ derived from the part of a stem between two leaf nodes. ... A saprophyte used to be defined as any organism which obtained its energy from decaying animal or vegetable matter. ... Pollinium, or plural pollinia, is a coherent mass of pollen grains. ...

Tribe NEOTTIEAE  : about 100 species.

• Subtribe LIMODORINAE
  • Genera : Epipactis
• Subtribe : LISTERINAE
  • Genera : Listera

Tribe GASTRODIEAE

Bamboo Orchid (Arundina graminifolia)

• Subtribe : NERVILLIINAE
  • Genera : Nervilia
• Subtribe : GASTRODIINAE
  • Genera : Didymoplexis, Gastrodia
• Subtribe : RHIZANTHELLINAE
  • Genera : Cryptanthemis, Rhizanthella

Tribe EPIPOGIEAE Bamboo Orchid. ... Bamboo Orchid. ... Binomial name Arundina graminifolia The Bamboo Orchid (Arundina graminifolia) is a the only species in the genus Arundina of the orchid family Orchidaceae, subfamily Epidendroideae, tribe Arethuseae, subtribe Bletiinae. ...

• Genera : Epipogium, Stereosandra

Tribe ARETHUSEAE : over 500 species.

• Subtribe ARETHUSINAE

Calopogon sp.

• • Genera : Arethusa, Eleorchis
  • Hybrids : x Elearethusa, x Elecalthusa, x Elepogon
• Subtribe : THUNIINAE
  • Genera : Thunia
• Subtribe : BLETIINAE
  • Genera : Ancistrochilus, Ania, Anthogonium, Ascotainia, Aulostylis, Cephalantheropsis, Crybe, Eriodes, Gastrorchis, Gyas, Hancockia, Hexalectris, Ipsea, Jimensia, Mischobulbum, Nephelaphyllum, Pachystoma, Thorvaldsenia, Zeduba.
  • Alliance : ARUNDINA
    • Genera : Arundina
  • Alliance : CALOPOGON
    • Genera : Calopogon

Tuberous Grasspink (Calopogon tuberosus var. tuberosus)

• • Alliance : CALANTHE
    • Genera : Acanthephippium, Bletia, Bletilla, Calanthe, Calanthidium, Phaius, Preptanthe, Spathoglottis
  • Alliance : COELIA
    • Genera : Coelia
  • Alliance : CHYSIS
    • Genera : Chysis
  • Alliance : PLOCOGLOTTIS
    • Genera : Plocoglottis
  • Alliance : TAINIA
    • Genera : Neotainiopsis, Tainia, Tainiopsis,
• Subtribe : SOBRALIINAE
  • Genera : Sobralia

Tribe COELOGYNEAE : over 400 species. Download high resolution version (1844x1460, 259 KB)Calopogon sp. ... Download high resolution version (1844x1460, 259 KB)Calopogon sp. ... Binomial name Arethusa bulbosa Arethusa bulbosa L., or Dragons Mouth, is the only species in this orchid genus. ... Tuberous Grasspink (Calopogon tuberosus, variety tuberosus). ... Tuberous Grasspink (Calopogon tuberosus, variety tuberosus). ... Calopogon is a genus of terrestrial American orchids known as grass pink. ... Species See text Acanthephippium Carl Blume, 1825 is a genus of orchid with twelve species (family Orchidaceae). ...

Chelyorchis ampliata

• Subtribe : COELOGYNINAE
  • Genera : Coelogyne, Dendrochilum, Pleione
• Subtribe : ADRORHIZINAE
  • Genera : Adrorhizon

Tribe MALAXIDEAE : over 900 species. Chelyorchis ampliata (an orchid) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Chelyorchis ampliata (an orchid) This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Species See text The Pleione David Don, 1825 is a small genus of about twenty, beautiful, predominantly terrestrial, but sometimes epiphytic or lithophytic miniature orchids. ...

• Genera : Liparis, Malaxis

Tribe CRYPTARRHENEAE

• Genera : Cryptarrhena

Tribe CALYPSOEAE

• Genera : Aplectrum, Calypso, Tipularia

Tribe EPIDENDREAE Dressler : cosmopolitan; largest tribe of this subfamily, with over 8,000 species. Calypso might refer to one of several things: In Greek mythology, Calypso is the name of a sea nymph; Calypso music is a style of Caribbean folk music; Calypso is the name of a moon of Saturn; The Calypso was a ship sailed by Jacques-Yves Cousteau; John Denver wrote...

• Subtribe GLOMERINAE
  • Genera : Agrostophyllum, Earina, Glomera
• Subtribe LAELIINAE : over 800 species, mostly tropical American epiphytes, in 40 to 60 genera. It contains more than 25% (136) of all hybrid genera.
  • Alliance ISOCHILUS
    • Genera : Hexisea, Isochilus
  • Alliance : CATTLEYA
    • Genera : Brassavola, Broughtonia, Cattleya, Encyclia, Laelia, Rhyncholaelia, Schomburgkia, Sophronitis
  • Alliance :BARKERIA
    • Genera : Barkeria, Caularthron
  • Alliance : EPIDENDRUM
    • Genera : Amblostoma, Epidendrum
  • Alliance : LEPTOTES
    • Genera : Leptotes
  • Alliance : NEOCOGNIAUXIA
    • Genera : Neocogniauxia
  • Alliance : HYBRIDS
    • Genera : Brassocattleya, Brassoepidendrum,, Brassolaeliocattleya, Cattleytonia, Epicattleya, Epilaeliocattleya, Hawkinsara, Laeliocatonia, Laeliocattleya, Otaara, Potinara, Schombocattleya, Sophrocattleya, Sophrolaelia, Sophrolaeliocattleya
• Subtribe MEIRACYLLINAE
  • Genera : Meiracyllium
• Subtribe PLEUROTHALLIDINAE Lindley, 1830 : single leaves; ramicauls non-pseudobulbous; ovary articulated; deciduous from the pedicel.
  • Genera : Acianthera, Acostea, Anathallis, Anthereon, Barbosella, Barbrodria, Brachionidium, Chamelophyton, Condylago, Draconanthes, Dracula, Dreslerella, Dryadella, Echinosepala, Frondaria, Jostia, Lepanthes, Lepanthopsis, Luerella, Masdevallia, Myoxanthus, Octomeria, Ophidion, Phloeophila, Platystele, Pleurothallis, Porroglossum, Restrepia, Restrepiella, Salpistele, Scaphosepalum, Specklinia, Stelis, Teagueia, Trichosalpinx, Trisetella, Zootrophion.
• Subtribe SUNIPIINAE
  • Genera : Sunipia

Tribe TROPIDIINAE (was formerly placed in the subfamily Spiranthoideae) Species See text Agrostylum Bl. ... Species See text Brassavola (R. Brown, 1813) is a genus of twenty orchids the Orchid family (Orchidaceae), subfamily Epidendroideae, tribe Epidendreae, subtribe Laeliinae. ... Species See text Cattleya is a genus of approximately 53 species of orchids from Mexico to tropical South America. ... Species See text Laelia is a small genus of eleven species from the orchid family (Orchidaceae) Laelia is one of the most important and popular orchid genera, because of the beautiful flowers, their genetic properties and because they are fairly easy in culture. ... Species See text Sophronitis Lindley 1828, is a genus of small, epiphytic or lithophytic orchids, growing in the damp montane forest of eastern Brazil, Paraguay and NE Argentine. ... Species ? Epidendrum is a large and very varied genus of the the Orchid Family; some authors refer to it as a mega-genus. ... Species See text The genus Dracula Luer, 1978, consists of 118 species and contains some of the more bizarre and well known orchids of the Pleurothallidinae sub-tribe of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Species See text Masdevallia is a large genus of impressive plants of the Pleurothallidinae, subtribe of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Species More than 1200, see text Pleurothallis R. Br. ... Species See text Restrepia (Humboldt, Bonpland and Knuth, 1816) is a small genus of 49 orchids in the orchid family (Orchidaceae), closely related to Pleurothallis. ... There is also a genus of stelidine bees : see Stelis (bee). ...

• Genera : Corymborkis, Tropidia

Tribe Podochilaeae

• Subtribe ERIINAE
  • Alliance : ERIA
    • Genera : Eria, Trichotosia
  • Alliance : CERATOSTYLIS
    • Genera : Appendicula, Ceratostylis, Epiblastus, Sarcostoma
• Subtribe PODOCHILINAE
  • Genera : Chilopogon, Podochilus
• Subtribe THELASIINAE
  • Genera : Phreatia, Rhynchophreatia
• Subtribe DENDROBIINAE
  • Genera : Cadetia, Dendrobium, Diplocaulobium, Epigeneium, Flickingeria, Pseuderia
• Subtribe BULBOPHYLLINAE
  • Genera : Bulbophyllum

Species 1188 species; see List of Dendrobium species Dendrobium Swartz is a large genus of tropical orchids that consists of about 1200 species. ... Species Many The genus Bulbophyllum is the largest in the Orchidaceae. ...

Subfamily Higher EPIDENDROIDEAE (formerly VANDOIDEAE)

This is the second largest subfamily with over 300 genera in more than 5,000 species. They are mostly epiphytes, but include some terrestrials and saprophytes, all occurring in most tropical areas. The main stem grows in a single direction. Many of the species develop pseudobulbs (i.e. a bulge at the base of a stem), that are normally shorter and sturdier than those in the epidendroids. The striking characteristics of the vandoids are a cellular pollinium stalk (= stipe), superposed pollinia and the unique development of the incumbent anther, that bends early in development.

Tribe POLYSTACHYEAE : about 200 species which all show four pollinia. The lip often has mealy hairs called pseudopollen on the upper surface.

• Genera : Polystachya

Tribe VANDEAE : over 1,700 species in more than 130 genera; occurs in tropical Asia, Pacific Islands, Australia, and Africa.

• Subtribe SARCANTHINAE : more than 1,000 species in over 100 genera, including about 208 (38%) hybrid genera; occurs mostly in Asia with a few in Africa.
  • Alliance PHALAENOPSIS
    • Genera : Aerides, Chiloschista, Doritis, Phalaenopsis, Paraphalaenopsis, Rhynchostylis, Sarcochilus
  • Alliance VANDA
    • Genera : Adenoncos, Arachnis, Ascocentrum, Ascoglossum, Euanthe, Luisia, Renanthera, Vanda, Vandopsis
  • Alliance TRICHOGLOTTIS
    • Genera : Abdominea, Acampe, Amesiella, Cleisostoma, Gastrochilus, Neofinetia, Robiquetia, Trichoglottis
  • Alliance HYBRIDS
    • Genera : Aeridovanda, Aranda, Ascocenda, Ascofinetia, Asconopsis, Christieara, Doritaenopsis, Opsistylis, Perreiraara, Renanstylis, Renantanda, Renanthopsis,Rhynchovanda, Vandaenopsis; Vascostylis
• Subtribe ANGRAECINAE : about 300 to 400 species, tropical Africa and Madagascar.
  • Alliance : ANGRAECUM
    • Genera : Aeranthes, Angraecum, Jumellea
  • Alliance CAMPLYLOCENTRUM
    • Genera : Campylocentrum

Nodding Ladies' tresses (Spiranthes cernua)

• Subtribe AERANGIDINAE : about 300 to 400 species; tropical Africa and Madagascar.
  • Genera : Aerangis, Mystacidium

Tribe MAXILLARIEAE : 70 to 80 genera with about 1,000 species; most grow in tropical America as terrestrials or epiphytes, a few are saprophytes. Most show pseudobulbs, but a few have reedlike stems or thick underground stems. Blooms have four pollinia. Species See text Aerides (Lour. ... Species See text Phalaenopsis (Blume 1825) is a genus of approximately 60 species of orchid (family Orchidaceae). ... Species Four species The genus Paraphalaenopsis (A.D.Hawkes 1963) is a member of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Species See text Ascocentrum is a small genus belonging to the orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Species See text Vanda W. Jones ex R. Br. ... Species See text Acampe Lindley, 1853 is a genus of seven monopodial, epiphytic vandaceous species distributed from tropical Africa to India, eastwards to China and southwards to Malaya, Indonesia, the Philippines and New Guinea. ... Species See text Aeranthes Lindley, 1824 is an orchid genus with 47 species, mostly from shady, tropical humid forests in Zimbabwe, Madagascar and islands in the Western Indian Ocean. ... Species See text Angraecum Bory, 1804 contains 221 species, some of the most magnificent of all orchids. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (444x846, 82 KB) Species  Spiranthes cernua Family  Orchidaceae Credits : This image is not copyrighted and may be freely used for any purpose. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (444x846, 82 KB) Species  Spiranthes cernua Family  Orchidaceae Credits : This image is not copyrighted and may be freely used for any purpose. ... Species See text Aerangis Rchb f. ...

• Subtribe CORALLORHIZINAE : all saprophytes.
  • Genera : Aplectrum, Corallorhiza
• Subtribe ZYGOPETILINAE  : about 150 species. Most exhibited hybrids are to be found in this subtribe.
  • Alliance WARREA
    • Genera : Otostylis, Warrea
  • Alliance ZYGOPETALUM
    • Genera : Acacallis, Aganisia, Batemannia, Bollea, Cheiradenia, Chondrorhyncha, Cochleanthes, Colax, Pabstia, Promenaea, Zygopetalum
  • Alliance BOLLEA
    • Genera : Bollea, Chondrorhyncha, Cochleanthes, Huntleya, Kefersteinia, Pescatoria, Stenia
  • Alliance VARGASIELLA
    • Genera : Vargasiella
  • Alliance HYBRIDS : of the 43 hybrids in this tribe, only Angulocaste is displayed frequently.
    • Genera: Aitkenara, Bateostylis, Bollopetalum, Chondrobollea, Cochella, Cochlecaste, Cochlenia, Cochlepe,alum, Downsara, Durutyara, Hamelwellsara, Huntleanthes, Kanzerara, Keferanthes, Lancebirkara, Otocolax, Otonisia, Palmerara, Rotorara, Zygocaste, Zygolum, Zygonisia, Zygostylis
• Subtribe BIFRENARIINAE : thin and pleated leaves.
  • Genera : Bifrenaria, Xylobium
• Subtribe LYCASTINAE : thin and pleated leaves.
  • Genera : Anguloa, Bifrenaria, Lycaste, Neomoorea, Rudolfiella, Teuscheria, Xylobium.
• Subtribe MAXILLARIINAE : largest subtribe with nearly half of the tribe species. The leathery leaves are conduplicate, i.e. folded together lengthwise.
  • Genera : Chrysocycnis, Cyrtidium, Maxillaria, Mormolyca, Pityphyllum, Scuticaria, Sepalosaccus, Trigonidium.
• Subtribe DICHAEINAE
  • Genera : Dichaea
• Subtribe TELIPOGONINAE
  • Genera : Telipogon, Trichoceros
• Subtribe : ORNITHOCEPHALINAE
  • Genera : Ornithocephalus, Zygostates

Tribe CYMBIDIEAE : about 1,800 species in 100 to 130 genera. Species are either terrestrial or epiphytic, and range throughout global tropical regions. All species have, as an unique feature, a sympodial growth habit and two pollinia. Species See text Aganisia Lindl. ... Species See text Zygopetalum (Hook. ... Species See text The genus Anguloa Ruiz & Pav. ... Species See text Maxillaria Ruiz & Pav. ...

• Subtribe CYRTOPODIINAE : over 400 species, usually terrestrial; Asia, Africa, and tropical America.
  • Alliance BROMHEADIA
    • Genera : Bromheadia
  • Alliance EULOPHIA
    • Genera : Eulophia
  • Alliance CYRTOPODIUM
    • Genera : Cymbidiella, Cyrtopodium, Galeandra
  • Alliance CYMBIDIUM
    • Genera : Ansellia, Cymbidium, Grammatophyllum
  • Alliance DIPODIUM
    • Genera : Dipodium
  • Alliance HYBRIDS
    • Genera : Bifrenidium, Cymphiella, Cyrtellia, Eulocymbidiella, Galeansellia, Graphiella
• Subtribe GENYORCHIDINAE : less than 50 species
  • Genera : Genyorchis
• Subtribe THECOSTELINAE : less than 50 species.
  • Genera : Thecostele
• Subtribe ACRIPSIDINAE : less than 50 species.
  • Genera : Acriopsis
• Subtribe CATASETINAE : about 150 species; epiphytes occurring in the Western Hemisphere.
  • Genera : Catasetum, Cycnoches, Mormodes
• Subtribe STANHOPEINAE : about 200 species; epiphytes found in the Western Hemisphere.
  • Genera : Acineta, Archivea, Braemia, Cirrhaea, Coryanthes, Embreea, Endresiella, Gongora, Horichia, Houlletia, Kegeliella, Lacaena, Lueddemannia, Lycomormium, Paphinia, Peristeria, Polycycnis, Schlimia, Sievekingia, Soterosanthus, Stanhopea, Trevoria, Vasqueziella.
• Subtribe PACHYPHYLLINAE : less than 50 species.
  • Genera : Pachyphyllum
• Subtribe ONCIDIINAE : Largest subtribe with nearly 1,000 species within about 56 to 78 genera, found in tropical America, the Caribbean and Florida. Most are epiphytes, but a few are terrestrials. .They usually have short and stout pseudobulbs.
  • Alliance ONCIDIUM : largest alliance; includes the majority of genera in cultivation.
    • Genera : Ada, Aspasia, Brassia, Cochlioda, Miltonia, Miltoniopsis, Odontoglossum, Oncidium (most)
  • Alliance TRICHOCENTRUM
    • Genera : Trichocentrum
  • Alliance :COMPARETTIA
    • Genera : Oncidium, (equitants only), Comparettia, Ionopsis, Rodriguezia
  • Alliance TRICHOPHILIA
    • Genera : Notylia, Psychopsis, Trichopilia
  • Alliance LOCKHARTIA
    • Genera : Lockhartia
  • Alliance HYBRIDS : over 107 hybrid genera.
    • Genera : Aliceara, Bakerara, Beallara, Brassidium, Burrageara, Colmanara, Degarmoara, Howeara, Maclellanara, Miltassia, Miltonidium, Odontioda, Odontobrassia, Odontocidium, Odontonia, Rodricidium, Trichocidium, Vuylstekeara, Wilsonara

Species See text The genus Eulophia includes 209 species of orchids, subfamily Vandoideae, tribe Cymbidieae, subtribe Cyrtopodiinae. ... Species Ansellia africana Lindl. ... Species See text Cymbidium Swartz 1799, is a genus of 52 evergreen species in the orchid family Orchidaceae, subfamily Epidendroideae, tribe Cymbidieae, subtribe Cyrtopodiinae. ... Species See Text Grammatophyllum Blume, 1825 is a genus of 11 orchid species in tribe Cymbidieae, subtribe Cyrtopodiinae. ... Species See text Catasetum Rich. ... Species See text Acineta Lindley, 1843 is a small genus of 15 species of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Species See text The genus Gongora (Ruiz and Pavon, 1794) is a member of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Species See text Stanhopea (Frost ex Hooker 1829) is a genus of the orchid family (Orchidaceae) (subfamily Epidendroideae, tribe Maxillarieae, subtribe Stanhopeinae) from Central and South America. ... Species See text Ada Lindl. ... Species See text Oncidium is a genus that contains about 330 species of orchids from the subfamily Epidendroideae of the orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Species See text Trichocentrum Poepp. ...

Subfamily APOSTASIOIDEAE

Two genera with about 16 species. These rare orchids have two or three lateral anthers. Several primitive features makes them, according to some authorities, not true orchids but rather ancestors of modern orchids.

• Genera : Apostasia, Neuwiedia

Subfamily CYPRIPEDIOIDEAE

Lady Slipper orchid (Cypripedium pubescens)

Six genera with about 115 species, mostly terrestrials or lithophytes. They lack pseudobulbs and show a unique shieldlike staminode and pouchlike lip. Lady Slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus) Downloaded from : [[1]] Credits : National Park Service - Ozark Image linked to page Taxonomy of the orchid family File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Lady Slipper orchid (Cypripedium calceolus) Downloaded from : [[1]] Credits : National Park Service - Ozark Image linked to page Taxonomy of the orchid family File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Species See text Cypripedium Lindley 1757, is a genus of the 56 species from the Orchid family (Orchidaceae). ...

• Genera : Cordula, Cypripedium, Mexipedium, Paphiopedilum, Phragmipedium and Selenipedium.
• Hybrid : xPhragmipaphium (Paphiopedilum x Phragmipedium )

Species See text Cypripedium Lindley 1757, is a genus of the 56 species from the Orchid family (Orchidaceae). ... Binomial name Mexipedium xerophyticum (Arenas, Salazar & Hàgsater) V.A.Albert & M.W.Chase Mexipedium is a monotypic genus of the Orchid family Orchidaceae, subfamily Cypripedioideae), consisting of only one species Mexipedium xerophyticum. ... Species See text Paphiopedilum (Pfitzer 1886) is a genus in the orchid family (Orchidaceae) of approximately 77 species native to South China, India, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. ... Species See text Phragmipedium (Rolfe 1896) is a genus of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae) (Subfamily Cypripedioideae). ... Selenipedium is a genus of the Orchid family (Orchidaceae) (Subfamily Cypripedioideae). ...

Subfamily VANILLOIDEAE

Tribe POGONIINAE

• Genera : Cleistes, Duckeella, Isotria, Pogonia and Pogoniopsis

Tribe VANILLEAE

• Genera : Clematepistephium, Cyrtosia, Dictyophyllaria, Epistephium, Eriaxis, Erythrorchis, Galeola, Lecanorchis, Pseudovanilla and Vanilla.

Species List of Vanilla species Vanilla Plumier ex. ...

Not assigned

These two tribes are not currently assigned to a specific subfamily

Tribe TRIPHOREAE : A primitive tribe consisting of three genera and twenty species. Possibly belongs to the Epidendrum subfamily.

• Genera : Monophyllorchis, Triphora

Tribe WULLSCHLAEGELIEAE : only one genus with two species.

• Genus : Wullschlaegelia

Reference

• Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (1999). Genera Orchidacearum 1. Oxford Univ. Press.
• Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (2001). Genera Orchidacearum 2. Oxford Univ. Press.
• Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (2003). Genera Orchidacearum 3. Oxford Univ. Press.
  • Pridgeon, A.M., Cribb, P.J., Chase, M.A. & Rasmussen, F. eds. (to be published in end 2005). Genera Orchidacearum 4. Oxford Univ. Press.
• The Orchids: Natural History and Classification by Robert L. Dressler – Harvard University Press, 1981 ISBN 0-674-87525-7 -- It is the best popular scientific account of the orchids, their biology, evolution, and classification.
• Dressler, Robert L. 1993. Phylogeny and classification of the orchid family. Dioscorides Press, Portland, OR. 314 p.
• CHASE, M. W., J. V. FREUDENSTEIN, AND K. M. CAMERON. 2001. DNA data and Orchidaceae systematics: A new phylogenetic classification.
• Chase, M. W. 2005. Classification of Orchidaceae in the age of DNA data. Curtis's Bot. Mag. 22(1): 2-7.
• Chase, M. W., Hanson, L., Albert, V. A., Whitten, W. M., and Williams, N. H. 2005. Life history evolution and genome size in subtribe Oncidiinae (Orchidaceae) Ann. Bot. 95(1): 191-199
• A phylogentic analysis of the Orchidaceae, evidence from rbcL nucleotide sequences
• History of the taxonomy of orchids

External links

• Molecular and structural approaches
• Illustrated Orchid Encyclopedia
• Useful links
• Taxonomy (in Portuguese)
• Native Orchids of Provence (France) French & English
• Qurrata A'yun indonesian orchid society