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The name of Tây Sơn is used in many ways referring back to the period of peasant rebellions and decentralized dynasties established between the eras of the Lê and Nguyễn dynasties in history of Vietnam. Sometimes the name Tây Sơn is used to refer to the leaders of this revolt (the Tây Sơn brothers), sometimes it is used as the name of the war (the Tây Sơn Uprising) or it could also refer to the brothers' form of innovative governmental rule (the Tây Sơn Dynasty). In a detail of Brueghels Land of Cockaigne (1567) a soft-boiled egg has little feet to rush to the luxuriating peasant who catches drops of honey on his tongue, while roast pigs roam wild: the 16th century was a good time for European peasants A peasant, from 15th...
The Nguyễn Dynasty (阮朝) was a line of rulers of Vietnam in the 19th century to mid-20th century. ...
According to Vietnamese legends, the History of Vietnam dates back more than 4,000 years. ...
History of Vietnam series |
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Nam Việt or Nanyue (Chinese: å—越; pinyin: ) was an ancient kingdom that consisted much of modern northern Vietnam and the Chinese provinces of Guangdong and Guangxi. ...
Procession commemorating the TrÆ°ng Sisters in the early 20th century The TrÆ°ng Sisters, known in Vietnamese as Hai BÃ TrÆ°ng (the two TrÆ°ng ladies), are two 1st century women regarded as national heroines of Vietnam after they successfully repelled Chinese invasions for three years. ...
Lý Nam Äế (Lý, The Southern Emperor) was originally Lý Bi or Lý Bon (October 17, 503 - April 13, 548) is debateably considered the first emperor of Vietnam and the founder of the Early Lý (or Li/Lee) Dynasty (544 - 603) and ruled from Feb. ...
Ly Thien Bao (548 A.D. - 555 A.D.) This reign is only ephemereal. ...
Trieu Viet Vuong (548-570) Realizing the strength of the Chinese army, Trieu Quang Phuc retreated back to a more favorable terrain where he could employ guerilla warfare and a war of attrition against the enemy. ...
Around the year 930 AD, as Ngô Quyen (å³æ¬Š) rose to power, northern Vietnam was a province and vassal state of China and was referred to as Giao Chi (交趾). Every year the governor/administrator of Giao Chi had to pay tribute and give offerings to China. ...
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To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...
The Lý Dynasty (nhà Lý), sometimes known as the Posterior Lý Dynasty (nhà Háºu Lý), was a Vietnamese dynasty that began in 1009 when Lý Thái Tổ overthrew the Anterior Le Dynasty (nhà Tiá»n Lê) and ended in 1225 when the queen Lý Chiêu Hoà ng...
The Trần Dynasty (é™³æœ Trần Triá»u; or vernacularly Nhà Trần, meaning the Trần House) was a Vietnamese dynasty that ruled Vietnam (at that time known as Äại Việt) from 1225 to 1400. ...
The Hồ Dynasty was a short-lived seven-year reign of two emperors, Hồ Quý Lý in 1400 who, after 9 months of reign, gave the throne to his second son, Hồ Han Thuong, who reigned from 1400 till 1407, a habit from the previous Tran Dynasty to bequest the...
The fourth Chinese domination was a period of the history of Vietnam, from 1406 to 1428, upon which, the country was ruled by the Ming administration. ...
// Lê Lợi (1382-1433), emperor Lê Thai To(1428-1433) Background and aspiration Lê Lợi came from a family of wealthy landowners. ...
Trinh Lords (1553 - 1789) A series of rulers of Vietnam who controlled the powers of government while leaving a figurhead as king. ...
The Nguyen Lords (1558 - 1775) were a series of rulers of Southern Vietnam. ...
The Nguyễn Dynasty (阮朝) was a line of rulers of Vietnam in the 19th century to mid-20th century. ...
The Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRVN), or less commonly, Vietnamese Democratic Republic (Vietnamese: Việt Nam Dân Chủ Cộng Hòa), also known as North Vietnam, was proclaimed by Ho Chi Minh in 1945 and was recognized by the Peoples Republic of China and the Soviet Union...
Motto: None Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon First Chief Emperor Bao Dai Last Chief Ngo Dinh Diem Rule Area South Vietnam (1954-) Independence - Provitional - Declared - Recognised - Dissolved From Franch rule May 27, 1948 June 14, 1949 1954 October 26, 1955 Currency Piastre National anthem Call to the Citizens Caution: The...
Official language Vietnamese Capital Saigon Last President Duong Van Minh Last Prime Minister Vu Van Mau Area - Total - % water 173,809 km² N/A Population - Total - Density 19,370,000 (1973 est. ...
Map of the Republic of South Vietnam. ...
Combatants Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) United States of America South Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand the Philippines Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) National Liberation Front (Viet Cong) Strength ~1,200,000 (1968) ~420,000 (1968) Casualties South Vietnamese dead: 1,250,000+ US dead: 58,226 US wounded...
Background History
During the 18th century the country of Vietnam was under the symbolic rule of the officially revered but politically ignored Lê King. Real power was actually in the hands of two warring feudal families, the Trịnh Lords of the North who controlled the King and ruled from the court in Hanoi and the Nguyễn Lords in the South, who ruled from their capital at Huế. Both sides fought each other for control of the nation, while they both claimed to be loyal to the king. (17th century - 18th century - 19th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 18th century refers to the century that lasted from 1701 through 1800. ...
Trinh Lords (1553 - 1789) A series of rulers of Vietnam who controlled the powers of government while leaving a figurhead as king. ...
Hanoi (Vietnamese: Quốc Ngữ Hà Nội; Chữ Nôm 河内), estimated population 3,083,800 (2004), is the capital of Vietnam and was the capital of North Vietnam from 1954 to 1976. ...
The Nguyen Lords (1558 - 1775) were a series of rulers of Southern Vietnam. ...
Huế (順化 in Chinese characters) is a city in Vietnam. ...
Like China at this time, life for the peasant farmers was poor. Most of the land was owned by fewer and fewer people as the years passed. The mandarin bureaucracy was oppressive and often corrupt; at one point royal-sanctioned degrees were up for sale for whoever was wealthy enough to purchase them. The ruling lords by contrast lived lavish lifestyles in huge palaces. A Mandarin was a bureaucrat in imperial China. ...
The war between the Trịnh and the Nguyễn had ended in 1673 and life for the northern peasants under the Trịnh Lords was fairly peaceful. However, the Nguyễn Lords engaged in a nearly constant series of wars with the weak Khmer Empire and, later, the fairly strong state of Siam. While the Nguyễn usually won their wars, and the new lands they conquered offered new opportunities for the landless poor, the frequent wars took their toll on the popularity of the Nguyễn rulers. Events January 22 - Impostor Mary Carleton is hanged in Newgate prison in England for multiple thefts and returning from penal transportation March 18 - John Berkeley, 1st Baron Berkeley of Stratton sells his part of New Jersey to the Quakers. ...
The Khmer empire was a powerful kingdom based in what is now Cambodia. ...
For the country formerly called Siam see Thailand SIAM is an acronym for Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. ...
Conquest of the Nguyễn In 1769, the new king of Siam, P'ya Taksin, launched a war to try and regain control over Cambodia. The war generally went against the Nguyễn army and they were forced to retreat from some of the newly conquered lands. This example of governmental failure coupled with heavy taxes and corruption at the local level caused three brothers from Tây Sơn to begin a revolt against the Nguyễn Lord, Nguyễn Phuc Thuan. 1769 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
The three Tây Sơn brothers styled themselves as the champions of the people. Over the next year the revolt gained traction and they won some battles against the Nguyễn army sent to crush their rebellion. The Tây Sơn had a great deal of popular support, not only from the poor farmers but from some of the minority tribes. Also, the leader of the three brothers, Nguyễn Hue, was a very skilled military leader.
Nguyễn Hue said that his goal was to end the people's oppression, reunite the country and restore power to the Lê Dynasty emperor in Hanoi. The Tây Sơn also promised to remove corrupt officials and redistibute land.
In 1773 the Tây Sơn army captured the city of Qui Nhơn, where the merchants, who had suffered under restrictive laws put in place by the Nguyễn, gave the Tây Sơn army financial support. 1773 was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ...
Qui Nhon is a coastal city in the centre of Vietnam. ...
The Nguyễn, at last recognizing the seriousness of the revolt, made peace with the Siamese, giving up some lands they had conquered in the previous decades. But now a heavy blow came down. The Trịnh Lord, Trịnh Sam, choose to end the 100 year peace and he sent his army south to attack Phu Xuan (modern day Huế), the Nguyễn capital. The Trịnh army captured the city, forcing the Nguyễn clan to flee to Gia Định (now called Saigon). Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnamese: Thà nh Chà Minh) is the largest city in Vietnam, located near the delta of the Mekong River. ...
The Trịnh army continued to head south and the Tây Sơn army continued its conquest of other southern cities. The Nguyễn were not very popular at this time and the forces against them were too powerful. In 1776 the Tây Sơn army captured the last Nguyễn stronghold of Saigon. The entire Nguyễn family was killed at the end of the siege, except for one nephew, Nguyễn Ánh, who managed to escape to Siam. This article is about the year 1776. ...
Emperor Gia Long was born as Prince Nguyen Phuc Anh in 1761, and he became the first emperor of the Nguyen dynasty as well as the founding father of the modern nation of Vietnam. ...
For the country formerly called Siam see Thailand SIAM is an acronym for Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. ...
While they said they wanted to restore power to the legitimate authorities, in 1778, one of the brothers, Nguyễn Nhac proclaimed himself king. A conflict with the Trịnh now seemed likely. 1778 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...
Conquest of the Trịnh The Tây Sơn spent the next decade consolidating their control over the former Nguyễn lands of south Vietnam. Nguyễn Ánh proved to be a stubborn enemy, he convinced the King of Siam, P'ya Taksin, to invade Vietnam in support of his claim to rule. The Siam army attacked in 1780 but in several years of warfare, it was unable to defeat the Tây Sơn army. In 1782, the Siamese king was killed in a revolt and less than a year later, Nguyễn Ánh's forces were driven out of Vietnam. However, he would be back. 1780 was a leap year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ...
1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Nguyễn Hue decided to destroying the power of the Trịnh. He marched north at the head of a large army in 1786 and after a short campaign, defeated the Trịnh army. The Trịnh were also unpopular and the Tây Sơn army seemed invincible. The Trịnh clan fled north into China. Hue married the daughter of the nominal Lê king, Lê Chieu Thong. 1786 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
Defeat of the Manchu A few months later, seeing the writing on the wall, the Lê king fled north to China as well. Trịnh Sam formally petitioned the Manchu Emperor Qianlong for aid. The old Emperor agreed to restore Lê Chieu Thong to power and so in 1788 a large Chinese army marched south into Vietnam and it captured the capital Thang Long. The Qianlong Emperor (September 25, 1711–February 7, 1799) was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China. ...
1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Hanoi (Vietnamese: Quốc Ngữ Hà Nội; Chữ Nôm 河内), estimated population 3,083,800 (2004), is the capital of Vietnam and was the capital of North Vietnam from 1954 to 1976. ...
Nguyễn Hue gather a new army and prepared to fight the Chinese army. He addressed his troops before the battle saying:
- "The Tsing (Qing) have invaded our country and occupied the capital city, Thang Long. In our history, the Trưng sisters fought against the Han, Đinh Tien Hoàng against the Song, Trần Hưng Đạo against the Yuan (Mongols), and Lê Lợi against the Ming. These heroes did not resign themselves to standing by and seeing the invaders plunder our country; they inspired the people to fight for a just cause and drive out the aggressors... The Tsing (Qing), forgetting what happened to the Song, Mongols and Ming, have invaded our country. We are going to drive them out of our territory".
In a surprise attack made while the Chinese were celebrating the Tết New Year festival, Nguyễn Hue's army defeated the Chinese and forced it, along with Lê Chieu Thong retreat back to China. Procession commemorating the TrÆ°ng Sisters in the early 20th century The TrÆ°ng Sisters, known in Vietnamese as Hai BÃ TrÆ°ng (the two TrÆ°ng ladies), are two 1st century women regarded as national heroines of Vietnam after they successfully repelled Chinese invasions for three years. ...
The Han Dynasty (Traditional Chinese: æ¼¢æœ; Simplified Chinese: 汉æœ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Han Chau; 206 BC–AD 220) followed the Qin Dynasty and preceded the Three Kingdoms in China. ...
This article needs to be wikified. ...
The Song Dynasty (Chinese: 宋æœ) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ...
Trần HÆ°ng Äạo |- |Chữ Nôm||é™³èˆˆé“ |} Trần HÆ°ng Äạo (陳興é“) (1228?-1300) was a Vietnamese general during the Tran Dynasty. ...
The Yuan Dynasty (Mongolian: Dai Ön Yeke Mongghul Ulus; Chinese: å…ƒæœ or 大元å¸åœ‹) lasting officially from 1271 to 1368, also called the Mongol Dynasty, was the name given to the significant ruling family of Borjigin in Asia. ...
Lê Lợi (1384? - 1433). ...
Ming redirects here – for other uses of this term see Ming (disambiguation) The Ming Dynasty (Chinese: 明æœ; Hanyu Pinyin: ) was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644. ...
For the river in Roussillon, France, see Têt River. ...
King Quang Trung Nguyễn Hue was now in control of a united Vietnam that was much larger than any previous ruler of Vietnam. He took the title of king and gave himself a new name: Quang Trung. The new king distributed land to the poor peasants, encouraged the artisans that had been suppressed, allowed religious freedom, re-opened Vietnam to international trade and abolished Chinese as the official language of the nation. The new official language was Vietnamese written in the script called Chữ nôm. The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...
After only three years of rule Quang Trung died in 1792 and the Tây Sơn Dynasty quickly crumbled after him. The other two brothers began to fight amongst each other for power, although in theory they were both regents ruling on behalf of Quang Trung's son, Canh Thinh. Religious persecutions against Vietnamese Catholics also contributed to unrest. 1792 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
Hearing of the chaos in Vietnam, Nguyễn Ánh again returned to Vietnam, this time with some French and European mercenaries hired by a French bishop Pigneau de Behaine. The Tây Sơn Dynasty was destroyed and the Nguyễn, the last imperial dynasty of Vietnam, took over the country in 1802. A bishop is an ordained member of the Christian clergy who, in certain Christian churches, holds a position of authority. ...
The Nguyễn Dynasty (阮朝) was a line of rulers of Vietnam in the 19th century to mid-20th century. ...
--69. ...
Also noted was the ambitiously minded Quang Trung who ordered the melting of Vietnamese coins to make cannons. He had hoped to "restore" the territories of Guangxi and Guangdong that was a part of Vietnam during the first century AD. Several stories tell of his ambitious indictations and indirect challenge to the Emperor of China Chien Long. Quang Trung even proposed to marry one of Chien Long's daughters; an indication of his intention to claim Chinese territory. Another fact was his indirect prowess over his two brothers, who had less cumulative territory, standing army, and power. Northern Vietnam was still the main powerbase of men, resources, and culture.
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