NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Tegal

Tegal is a city and regency (administrative district) located on the north coast of Central Java, Indonesia. While the city of Tegal is the largest in the residency, Slawi, about twelve kilometers south, is its capital. A regency (kabupaten) is a political subdivision of a province in Indonesia. ... [[|right|frame|Map of Central Java province within Indonesia]] Central Java (Indonesian: Jawa Tengah) is a province of Indonesia. ... Slawi is the capital city of the Tegal regency of the province of Central Java, Indonesia. ...

Together with the nearby city of Pekalongan, approximately fifty kilometers east, Tegal was the site of the origins of the Dutch East Indies colonial sugar industry, and the regency remained a major sugar production center until the mid-twentieth century.^[1] The city served as a port for exporting sugar produced on the nearby plantations. Pekalongan is a city and regency on the northern coast of Central Java, Indonesia. ... The Dutch East Indies, or Netherlands East Indies, (Dutch: Nederlands-IndiÃ«) was the name of the colonies set up by the Dutch East India Company, which came under administration of the Netherlands during the 19th century (see Indonesia). ... Magnified crystals of refined sugar Magnification of typical sugar In general use, non-scientists take sugar to mean sucrose, also called table sugar or saccharose, a white crystalline solid disaccharide. ...

History

In the 1920s, the city was a center of Communist Party of Indonesia (PKI) activism, and the radical leaders of the Tegal PKI branch were among the instigators of the 1926 rebellion that lead to the temporary destruction of that party.^[2] The Communist Party of Indonesia (in Bahasa Indonesia: Partai Komunis Indonesia, PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia. ...

On October 8, 1945, an anti "Swapraja"/anti feudalism movement called Three Regions Movement/"Gerakan Tiga Daerah" was established in Tegal, Pekalongan, and Brebes. The goal of this movement was to replace the blue blood regents (related to the kings from Jogyakarta and Surakarta) with ordinary people. According to the leaders of this movement, the old regents had cooperated with Japanese during the world war II and sent people to the Japanese slave labor camps.

The main leader of this movement was Sarjiyo who became the new regent of Pekalongan. Other leaders of this movement were Kutil, K. Mijaya and Ir. Sakirman. Ir Sakirman was the local leader of Indonesian Communist Party (PKI).

The old regents were arrested, stripped naked, and dragged into the prisons. Other government officials and police officers were kidnapped and massacred at Talang bridge. This movement also started a racial riot against ethnic Chinese in Brebes.

The government of Republic of Indonesia (RI) in Jogyakarta disagree with this movement and declared it as an illegal movement.

On November 4, 1945, the movement attacked Indonesian army HQ and the regent office in Pekalongan. The rebels were defeated by Indonesian army in a fierce battle on December 21, 1945. Most leaders of this movement were arrested and thrown into the prisons. This rebelion is called Three Regions Affair.

During the unrest following the resignation of President Suharto in 1998, Tegal was the site of extensive protests, and occasional violence, against local government officials, especially in June 1998. Haji Mohammad Soeharto (born June 8, 1921), more commonly referred to as simply Soeharto (Suharto in the English-speaking world), is a former Indonesian military and political leader. ...

References

^ Knight, G.R. (1993) Colonial Production in Provincial Java. The Sugar Industry in Pekalongan-Tegal, 1800-1942. Amsterdam: VU University Press.
^ McVey, Ruth. (1965) The rise of Indonesian communism. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. pp 329-340.

Coordinates: 6°52′S 109°8′E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

External Links

(Indonesian) Military History Centre/Three regions affair
(Indonesian) Military History Centre/Battle on December 21, 1945

Categories: Cities in Indonesia | Regencies of Indonesia

Results from FactBites:

TEGAL CORPORATION v. TOKYO ELECTRON AMERICA, INC (8573 words)
	Tegal responds that the district court never construed the term “plasma” because TEA failed to identify it as a disputed term, and that TEA has therefore waived any argument concerning the meaning of this term.
	Tegal’s argument that Itakura does not disclose three electrodes at different potentials, with one electrode being coupled to ground, is meritless.
	The district court determined that Tegal had not engaged in inequitable conduct by failing to disclose the NTT reference to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (“PTO”) during the ’223 reexamination, even though that reference was cited against a Japanese counterpart to the ’223 patent.

Tegal Corp. v. Tokyo Electron (1831 words)
	As part of the relief granted to Tegal, the district court enjoined TEA “from engaging in any further infringement or infringement by equivalents” of two claims of the ’223 patent until the expiration of the patent.
	Tegal concedes that there is no evidence that TEA sold or serviced any infringing etcher after the injunction was entered.
	Tegal’s theory is that by taking no action to prevent it, TEA was guilty of “facilitating” infringement by its corporate affiliates.

More results at FactBites »

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