Tekhnikum (Russian: те́хникум) was a Soviet mass-education facility of "medium special education" category similar to PTU, but aimed to train low-level industrial managers (foremen, technical supervisors etc.) or specializing in occupations that require skills more advanced than purely manual labor, especially in high-tech occupations (such as electronics). This category remained in use in post-Soviet republics.

Thus tekhnikum may be regarded as labor trade-oriented analogue to Western two-year college. Therefore after the collapse of the Soviet Union many tekhnikums in CIS countries were renamed to colleges.