Hunting scene relief in basalt found at Tell Halaf, dated 850-830 BCE Tell Halaf is an archaeological site in the Al Hasakah governorate of northeastern Syria, near the Turkish border. It is the first find of a Neolithic culture characterized by glazed pottery painted with geometric and animal designs. It is located near the village of Ras al Ayn in the fertile Khabur valley that is watered by the Khabur river. The site dates back to the 6th millenium BCE and was later the location of the Aramaean city-state of Guzana. File links The following pages link to this file: Template:Did you know User talk:MacGyverMagic Template talk:Did you know User:Ianbrown User:Ianbrown/Sandbox2 Tell Halaf Categories: GFDL images | Protected main page images ...
File links The following pages link to this file: Template:Did you know User talk:MacGyverMagic Template talk:Did you know User:Ianbrown User:Ianbrown/Sandbox2 Tell Halaf Categories: GFDL images | Protected main page images ...
Basalt Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock, sometimes porphyritic, and is often both fine-grained and dense. ...
Al Hasakah is a governorate in the far north-east corner of Syria, including the Euphrates river. ...
The Khabur river (also Habor, Habur) is 200 miles (320 km) long, beginning in southeastern Turkey, and flowing generally southeast to Syria where it is joined by the Jaghjagh River and eventually empties into Euphrates River. ...
The Arameans or Aramaeans (also called Syriacs) were a Semitic, nomadic people who dwelt in Aram-Naharaim or Aram of the two rivers, also known as Mesopotamia a region including modern Syria, Iraq, Jordan, Iran that is mentioned six times in the Hebrew Bible. ...
Discovery and excavation
The site was discovered in 1899 by Baron Max von Oppenheim, a German engineer, while he was surveying the area to build the Berlin-Baghdad rail track. He returned to excavate the site from 1911 to 1913, and took many of the artifacts found back to Berlin. Berlin (pronounced: , German ) is the capital of Germany and its largest city, with 3,426,000 inhabitants (as of January 2005); down from 4. ...
A street map of Baghdad Average temperature (red) and precipitations (blue) in Baghdad Baghdad (بغداد) is the capital of Iraq and the Baghdad Province. ...
History The site flourished from about 5050 BCE to 4300 BCE. This period of time is sometimes referred to as the Halaf period. The Halaf culture was succeeded in northern Mesopotamia by the Ubaid culture. The tell (mound) of Ubaid near Ur in southern Iraq has given its name to the prehistoric culture which represents the earliest settlement on the alluvial plain of southern Mesopotamia. ...
In 894 BCE, the Assyrian king Adad-nirari II recorded it in his archives as a tributary Aramaean city-state. After a short period of independence, Semiramis sacked the city in 808 BCE and reduced the surrounding area to a province of the Assyrian empire. Assyrian is a collective term used to identify indigenous peoples of northern Iraq and neighboring areas of Syria and Turkey, some of whom also identify themselves as Aramaeans and Chaldeans. ...
Adad-nirari II is generally considered to be the first King of Assyria in the Neo-Assyrian period. ...
Semiramis (c. ...
Economy Dry farming was practiced by the population. This type of farming was based on natural rainfall without the help of irrigation. Emmer wheat, two rowed barley and flax were grown. They kept cattle, sheep and goats. In addition to their pottery, the Halaf communities made baked clay female figurines and stamp seals of stone. The seals are thought to mark the development of concepts of personal property. Their use in later times proved this. [1] (http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Halaf_Culture.html)
Culture
Architecture Although no Halaf settlement has heen extensively excavated some buildings have been excavated: the tholoi of Arpachiyah, circular domed structures approached through long rectangular anterooms [2] (http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Halaf_Culture.html). Only a few of these structures were ever excavated. They were constructed of mud-brick sometimes on stone foundations and may have been for ritual use (one contained a large number of female figurines). Other circular buildings were probably just houses. The Treasure of Atreus tholos in 2004 Beehive tombs, also known as Tholos tombs (plural tholoi), are a style of Mycenaean chamber tomb from the Bronze Age. ...
Pottery The pottery of Tell Halaf, called Halafian ware, is glazed pottery painted with geometric and animal designs.
References - "The History of the Ancient Near East Electronic Compendium" (http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/Halaf_Culture.html). Retrieved May 27, 2005.
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