A cartoon from Australia ca. 1906.

The temperance movement attempted to almost completely reduce the amount of alcohol and liquor consumed or even prohibit its production and consumption entirely. In predominantly Muslim countries, temperance is part of Islam. In predominantly Protestant countries, forms of Christianity inherited by Wesleyan views on sanctification have strongly supported it at times. More specifically, religious or moralistic beliefs have often been the catalyst for temperance, though secular advocates do exist. The Women's Christian Temperance Union is a prominent example of a religion-based temperance movement. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (600x987, 116 KB) Description Cartoon showing a mourner in front of a gravestone which has the inscription, Here lieth a temperance man. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (600x987, 116 KB) Description Cartoon showing a mourner in front of a gravestone which has the inscription, Here lieth a temperance man. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Spirits redirects here. ... There is also a collection of Hadith called Sahih Muslim A Muslim (Arabic: مسلم, Persian: Mosalman or Mosalmon Urdu: مسلمان, Turkish: Müslüman, Albanian: Mysliman, Bosnian: Musliman) is an adherent of the religion of Islam. ... For people named Islam, see Islam (name). ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ... For other uses, see Methodism (disambiguation). ... Sanctification or in its verb form, sanctify, literally means to set apart for special use or purpose, that is to make holy or sacred (compare Latin sanctus holy). Therefore sanctification refers to the state or process of being set apart, i. ... The Womans Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is the oldest continuing non-sectarian womens organization in the U.S. and worldwide. ...

Most of the biggest supporters in all countries have been women, often as part of what some describe as feminism. The strong temperance movements of the early 20th century found most of their support in women who were opposed to the domestic violence associated with alcohol abuse, and the large share of household income it could consume, which was especially burdensome to the low-income working class. This article describes a type of political entity. ... Image of a woman on the Pioneer plaque sent to outer space. ... Feminists redirects here. ... Domestic disturbance redirects here. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Poverty is the state of being without, often associated with need, hardship and lack of resources across a wide range of circumstance. ...

United States

Main article: Prohibition in the United States

In colonial America, informal social controls in the home and community helped maintain that the abuse of alcohol was unacceptable. As the colonies grew from a rural society into a moconomic change and urbanization were accompanied by increasing poverty, unemployment, and crime. These emerging social problems were often blamed on drunkenness. Social control over alcohol abuse declined, anti-drunkenness ordinances were relaxed and alcohol problems increased dramatically. Detroit police inspecting equipment found in a clandestine underground brewery during the prohibition era. ... This article is about the colonial history of the United States. ... A boy from an East Cipinang trash dump slum in Jakarta, Indonesia shows what he found. ... CIA figures for world unemployment rates, 2006 Unemployment is the state in which a person is without work, available to work, and is currently seeking work. ... This article needs cleanup. ... A local ordinance is a law usually found in a municipal code. ...

In this environment many people began seeking explanations of and a solution for drinking problems. One suggestion came from one of the foremost physicians of the period, Dr. Benjamin Rush. In 1784, Dr. Rush argued that the excessive use of alcohol was injurious to physical and psychological health (he believed in moderation rather than prohibition). Apparently influenced by Rush's widely discussed belief, about 2000 farmers in a Connecticut community formed a temperance association in 1789. Similar associations were formed in Virginia in 1800 and New York State in 1808. Within the next decade, other temperance organizations were formed in eight states, some being statewide organizations. Dr. Benjamin Rush, painted by Charles Willson Peale, c. ... Official language(s) none (de facto English) Capital Hartford Largest city Bridgeport[2] Largest metro area Hartford Metro Area[3] Area  Ranked 48th in the US  - Total 5,543[4] sq mi (14,356 km²)  - Width 70 miles (113 km)  - Length 110 miles (177 km)  - % water 12. ... This article is about the U.S. state. ... State nickname: Empire State Other U.S. States Capital Albany Largest city New York Governor George Pataki Official languages None Area 141,205 km² (27th)  - Land 122,409 km²  - Water 18,795 km² (13. ...

The future looked bright for the young movement, which advocated temperance or moderation rather than abstinence. But many of the leaders overestimated their strength; they expanded their activities and took positions on profanation of the Sabbath, and other moral issues. They became involved in political in-fighting and by the early 1820s their movement stalled. This article needs cleanup. ... For other uses, see Sabbath. ...

But some leaders persevered in pressing their cause forward. Americans such as Lyman Beecher, who was a Connecticut minister, had started to lecture his fellow citizens against all use of liquor in 1825. The American Temperance Society was formed in 1826 and benefited from a renewed interest in religion and morality. Within 12 years it claimed more than 8,000 local groups and over 1,500,000 members. By 1839, 18 temperance journals were being published. Simultaneously, many Protestant churches were beginning to promote temperance. Lyman Beecher (October 12, 1775 – January 10, 1863) was a Presbyterian clergyman, temperance movement leader, and the father of several noted leaders, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, Charles Beecher, Edward Beecher, Isabella Beecher Hooker, and Catharine Beecher, and a leader of the Second Great Awakening of the United... The American Temperance Society was established in 1826. ... Protestantism is a general grouping of denominations within Christianity. ...

History of Temperance Organizations

Between 1830 and 1840, most temperance organizations began to argue that the only way to prevent drunkenness was to eliminate the consumption of alcohol. The Temperance Society became the Abstinence Society. The Independent Order of Good Templars, the Sons of Temperance, the Templars of Honor and Temperance, the Anti-Saloon League, the National Prohibition Party and other groups were formed and grew rapidly. With the passage of time, "The temperance societies became more and more extreme in the measures they championed."^{[citation needed]} The Drunkenness of Noah by Giovanni Bellini Drunkenness is the state of being intoxicated by consumption of alcohol to a degree that mental and physical facilities are noticeably impaired. ... This article is about the practice of abstinence in general. ... IOGT INTERNATIONAL is an organisation of men and women of all ages who promote the ideals of temperance, peace and brotherhood. ... Sons of Temperance Procession, Hill End, New South Wales, a gold mining town in Australia, 1872 The Sons of Temperance was a brotherhood of men who promoted the temperance movement and mutual support. ... The Templars of Honor and Temperance was established in the United States in 1845 as the Marshall Temperance Fraternity as part of the temperance movement. ... The Anti-Saloon League was the leading organization lobbying for prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century. ... National Prohibition Convention, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1892. ...

"He who does not love wine, wife, and song will be a fool his whole life long" — a vigorous 1873 assertion of cultural values of German-American immigrants

While it began by advocating the temperate or moderate use of alcohol, the movement now insisted that no one should be permitted to drink any alcohol in any quantity. It did so with religious fervor and increasing convictions. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (898x1272, 308 KB) A more natural phrasing in 21st-century English would be He who does not love wine, wife, and song will be a fool his whole life long. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (898x1272, 308 KB) A more natural phrasing in 21st-century English would be He who does not love wine, wife, and song will be a fool his whole life long. ...

The Maine law, passed in 1851 in Maine, was one of the first statutory implementations of the developing temperance movement in the United States. Temperance activist Neal Dow helped force the law into existence. The passage of the law, which prohibited the sale of all alcoholic beverages except for "medicinal, mechanical or manufacturing purposes," quickly spread elsewhere, and by 1855 twelve states had joined Maine in total prohibition.^{[citation needed]} These were "dry" states; states without prohibition laws were "wet." The Maine law, passed in 1851 in Maine, was one of the first statutory implementations of the developing temperance movement in the United States. ... 1851 (MDCCCLI) was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Official language(s) None (English and French de facto) Capital Augusta Largest city Portland Area  Ranked 39th  - Total 33,414 sq mi (86,542 km²)  - Width 210 miles (338 km)  - Length 320 miles (515 km)  - % water 13. ... Neal S. Dow (1804-1897) was a prohibitionist mayor of Portland, Maine. ...

The act was unpopular with many working class people and immigrants.^{[citation needed]} Opposition to the law turned violent in Portland, Maine on June 2, 1855 during an incident known as the Maine law riot. The term working class is used to denote a social class. ... Immigration is the act of moving to or settling in another country or region, temporarily or permanently. ... Nickname: Motto: Resurgam (Latin for I will rise again) Coordinates: , Country State County Cumberland Settled 1632 Incorporated 1786 Government  - Mayor Nicholas M. Mavodones, Jr Area  - City  52. ... is the 153rd day of the year (154th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1855 (MDCCCLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... The Portland Rum Riot, also called the Maine Law Riot, 19th century riot, Portland Maine, USA. The event was a brief but violent period of civil unrest that occurred in Portland, Maine on 2 June 1855. ...

Temperance Education

In 1880 the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) established a Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction in Schools and Colleges, with Mary Hunt as National Superintendent. She believed that voters "must first be convinced that alcohol and kindred narcotics are by nature outlaws, before they will outlaw them.^{[citation needed]}" Elizabeth D. Gelok was one of the women that taught Scientific Temperance Instruction at the Schools and Colleges for the students. She was also a member of the WCTU along with Mary Hunt. She was one of the most well-known and loved Scientific Temperance Instruction teachers because the students loved her strong faith in the WCTU.^{[citation needed]} She really believed in the Women's Christian Temperance Union and wanted to do anything in her power to be heard.^{[citation needed]} Elizabeth decided to use legislation to coerce the moral suasion of students, who would be the next generation of voters. This gave birth to the idea of the compulsory Scientific Temperance Instruction Movement. The Womans Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is the oldest continuing non-sectarian womens organization in the US and worldwide. ... The Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction, the educational arm of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), was an important part of the temperance movement and played a significant role in generating support for prohibition of alcohol in the U.S. Calls for alcohol education were heard as early as... Mary Hunt (1830-1906) became one of the most powerful women in the United States temperance movement promoting Prohibition of alcohol. ... The term narcotic, derived from the Greek word for stupor, originally referred to a variety of substances that induced sleep (such state is narcosis). ... Mary Hunt (1830-1906) became one of the most powerful women in the United States temperance movement promoting Prohibition of alcohol. ... The Womans Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is the oldest continuing non-sectarian womens organization in the US and worldwide. ... Legislation (or statutory law) is law which has been promulgated (or enacted) by a legislature or other governing body. ...

By the turn of the century, Mary Hunt’s efforts along with Elizabeth's and the other teacher's proved to be highly successful. Virtually every state, the District of Columbia, and all United States possessions had strong legislation mandating that all students receive anti-alcohol education.^{[citation needed]} Furthermore, the implementation of this legislation was closely monitored down to the classroom level by legions of determined and vigilant WCTU members throughout the nation. ... Possession is having some degree of control over something else. ...

Temperance writers viewed the WCTU's program of compulsory temperance education as a major factor leading to the establishment of National Prohibition with passage of the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Other knowledgeable observers, including the U.S. Commissioner of Education, agreed.^{[citation needed]} The Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is the oldest continuing non-sectarian womens organization in the US. Founded in Evanston, Illinois in 1874, its purpose was to combat the influence of alcohol on families and society. ... (Redirected from 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution) Amendment XVIII (the Eighteenth Amendment) of the United States Constitution, along with the passage of the Volstead Act (which defined intoxicating liquors), established Prohibition. ...

Because of the correlation between drinking and domestic violence -- many drunken husbands abused family members-- the temperance movement existed alongside various women's rights and other movements, including the Progressive movement, and often the same activists were involved in all of the above. Many notable voices of the time, ranging from Lucy Webb Hayes to Susan B. Anthony, were active in the movement. In Canada, Nellie McClung was a longstanding advocate of temperance. As with most social movements, there was a gamut of activists running from violent (Carrie Nation) to mild (Neal S. Dow). Feminists redirects here. ... For other uses, see Progressivism (disambiguation). ... Lucy Ware Webb Hayes (August 28, 1831 - June 25, 1889) was the wife of President Rutherford B. Hayes of the United States of America and one of the most popular First Ladies of the nineteenth century. ... For other uses, see Susan B. Anthony (disambiguation). ... Nellie McClung from The National Archives of Canada Nellie McClung, (October 20, 1873 - September 1, 1951) was a Canadian feminist, politician, and social activist. ... Temperance advocate Carrie Nation with her bible, and her hatchet. ... Neal S. Dow nicknamed the Napoleon of Temperance (March 20, 1804 – October 2, 1897) was a prohibitionist mayor of Portland, Maine, known as the Father of Prohibition. He sponsored the Maine law of 1851, which prohibited the manufacture and sale of liquor. ...

Many former abolitionists joined the temperance movement and it was also strongly supported by the second that began to emerge after 1915.^{[citation needed]} This article is about the abolition of slavery. ...

For decades prohibition was seen by temperance movement zealots and their followers as the almost magical solution to the nation's poverty, crime, violence, and other ills. On the eve of prohibition the invitation to a church celebration in New York said "Let the church bells ring and let there be great rejoicing, for an enemy has been overthrown and victory crowns the forces of righteousness."^{[citation needed]} Jubilant with victory, some in the WCTU announced that, having brought Prohibition to the United States, it would now go forth to bring the blessing of enforced abstinence to the rest of the world. The term Prohibition, also known as A Dry Law, refers to a law in a certain country by which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted or illegal. ...

The famous evangelist Billy Sunday staged a mock funeral for John Barleycorn and then preached on the benefits of prohibition. "The reign of tears is over," he asserted. "The slums will soon be only a memory. We will turn our prisons into factories and our jails into storehouses and corncribs."^{[citation needed]} Since alcohol was to be banned and since it was seen as the cause of most, if not all, crime, some communities sold their jails.^{[citation needed]} One sold its jail to a farmer who converted it into a combination pig and chicken house while another converted its jail into a tool house.^{[citation needed]} Billy Sunday William Ashley Sunday (November 19, 1862 – November 6, 1935) was an American athlete and religious figure who, after being a popular outfielder in baseballs National League during the 1880s, became the most celebrated and influential American evangelist during the first two decades of the 20th century. ... Traffics album John Barleycorn Must Die contains a well known version of the John Barleycorn folksong. ...

Anti-Saloon League

The Anti-Saloon League, under the leadership of Wayne Wheeler stressed political results and utilized pressure politics. It did not demand that politicians change their drinking habits, only their votes in the legislature. Other organizations like the Prohibition Party and the WCTU lost influence to the League. The League mobilized its religious coalition to pass state (and local) legislation. Energized by the anti-German sentiment during World War I, in 1918 it achieved the main goal of passage of the 18th Amendment establishing National Prohibition. The Anti-Saloon League was the leading organization lobbying for prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century. ... Wayne Bidwell Wheeler (1869–1927) was born at Brookfield, Ohio. ... Pressure politics generally refers to political action which relies heavily on the use of mass media and mass communications to persuade politicians that the public wants or demands a particular action. ... National Prohibition Convention, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1892. ... Amendment XVIII in the National Archives Prohibition agents destroying barrels of alcohol. ...

Temperance organizations

Temperance organizations of the United States played an essential role in bringing about ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution establishing national prohibition of alcohol. They included: The term Prohibition, also known as A Dry Law, refers to a law in a certain country by which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted or illegal. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

• the American Issue Publishing House
• the American Temperance Society
• the Anti-Saloon League of America
• the British Women's Temperance Association
• the Catholic Total Abstinence Union of America
• the Committee of Fifty (1893)
• the Daughters of Temperance
• the Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction
• the Independent Order of Good Templars
• the Knights of Father Matthew
• the Lincoln-Lee Legion
• the Methodist Board of Temperance, Prohibition, and Public Morals
• the National Temperance Society and Publishing House
• the People's Democratic Temperance League
• the People's Temperance League
• the Prohibition Party
• the Scientific Temperance Federation
• the Sons of Temperance
• the Templars of Honor and Temperance
• the Abstinence Society
• the Women’s Christian Temperance Union
• the National Temperance Council
• the World League Against Alcoholism (a pro-prohibition organization)

There was often considerable overlap in membership in these organizations, as well as in leadership. Prominent temperance leaders in the United States included Bishop James Cannon, Jr., James Black, Ernest Cherrington, Neal S. Dow, Mary Hunt, William E. Johnson (known as "Pussyfoot" Johnson), Carrie Nation, Howard Hyde Russell, John St. John, Billy Sunday, Father Mathew, Andrew Volstead and Wayne Wheeler. The American Issue Publishing Company, incorporated in 1909, was the holding company of the Anti-Saloon League of America. ... The American Temperance Society was established in 1826. ... The Anti-Saloon League was the leading organization lobbying for prohibition in the United States in the early 20th century. ... The British Womens Temperance Association (BWTA) was founded following a meeting in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1876 featuring American temperance activist Mother Eliza Stewart. ... The work of Father Mathew in promoting temperance across the U.S. led to the establishment of numerous separate and independent Catholic temperance groups. ... Thi Committee of Fifty was formed in 1893 by scholars to investigate problems associated with the use and abuse of alcoholic beverages. ... The Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction, the educational arm of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), was an important part of the temperance movement and played a significant role in generating support for prohibition of alcohol in the U.S. Calls for alcohol education were heard as early as... IOGT INTERNATIONAL is an organisation of men and women of all ages who promote the ideals of temperance, peace and brotherhood. ... The Knights of Father Matthew was 19th Century Catholic temperance society that originated in Ireland and promoted complete abstinence from intoxicating liquors. ... The Lincoln-Lee Legion was established by Anti-Saloon League-founder Howard Hyde Russell in 1903 to promote the signing of abstinence pledges by children. ... The Methodist Board of Temperance, Prohibition, and Public Morals was a major organization in the temperance movement. ... The National Temperance Society and Publishing House was founded in 1865. ... Peoples Democratic Temperance League (in Finnish: Kansandemokraattinen raittiusliitto), a temperance organization linked to the Finnish Peoples Democratic League (SKDL). ... Peoples Temperance League (in Finnish: Kansan Raittiusliitto), a temperance organization linked to the Finnish Peoples Democratic League (SKDL). ... National Prohibition Convention, Cincinnati, Ohio, 1892. ... The Scientific Temperance Federation was founded in 1906 upon the death of Mary Hunt, head of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union’s Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction. ... Sons of Temperance Procession, Hill End, New South Wales, a gold mining town in Australia, 1872 The Sons of Temperance was a brotherhood of men who promoted the temperance movement and mutual support. ... The Templars of Honor and Temperance was established in the United States in 1845 as the Marshall Temperance Fraternity as part of the temperance movement. ... Father Mathew Theobald Mathew (1790-1856) was an Irish temperance reformer, popularly known as Father Mathew was born at Thomastown, near Cashel, County Tipperary, on October 10, 1790. ... The Womans Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) is the oldest continuing non-sectarian womens organization in the US and worldwide. ... The National Temperance Council was established in 1913 to coordinate the activities of numerous organization in the temperance movement. ... The World League Against Alcoholism was organized by the Anti-Saloon League, whose goal became establishing prohibition not only in the United States but throughout the entire world. ... Bishop James Cannon, Jr. ... a 7th grader who excells in guitar, basketball, and is a devout Christian. ... Ernest Cherrington (1877-1950) was a leading temperance journalist (see temperance movement). ... Neal S. Dow nicknamed the Napoleon of Temperance (March 20, 1804 – October 2, 1897) was a prohibitionist mayor of Portland, Maine, known as the Father of Prohibition. He sponsored the Maine law of 1851, which prohibited the manufacture and sale of liquor. ... Mary Hunt (1830-1906) became one of the most powerful women in the United States temperance movement promoting Prohibition of alcohol. ... William Eugene Pussyfoot Johnson (25 March 1862–2 February 1945) was an American Prohibition advocate and law enforcement officer. ... Temperance advocate Carrie Nation with her bible, and her hatchet. ... Howard Hyde Russell (1855-1946), was the founder of the Anti-Saloon League. ... John Pierce St. ... Billy Sunday William Ashley Sunday (November 19, 1862 – November 6, 1935) was an American athlete and religious figure who, after being a popular outfielder in baseballs National League during the 1880s, became the most celebrated and influential American evangelist during the first two decades of the 20th century. ... Theobald Mathew (1790-1856), Irish temperance reformer, popularly known as Father Mathew, was descended from a branch of the Llandaff family, and was born at Thomas-town, Tipperary, on October 10 1790. ... Cover of Time Magazine (March 29, 1926) Andrew John Volstead (October 31, 1860 – January 20, 1947) was a member of the United States House of Representatives from Minnesota from 1903 to 1923. ... Wayne Bidwell Wheeler (1869–1927) was born at Brookfield, Ohio. ...

United Kingdom

Band of Hope Banner from Cornwall.^[1]

Starting from a group of workers "taking the pledge", the British Association for the Promotion of Temperance was established by 1835.^[2] Within a few years the Temperance movement was advocating complete teetotalism rather than moderation. Pledge is a verb, meaning to promise solemnly, and a noun, meaning the promise or its maker or its object. ... Teetotalism is the principle or practice of complete abstinence from alcoholic beverages. ...

In 1847 the Band of Hope was founded in Leeds, to save for working class children from the perils of drink. The members had to pledge to abstain "from all liquors of an intoxicating quality, whether ale, porter, wine or ardent spirits, except as medicine"^[3] Band of Hope was an English society founded in 1855 for the inculcation in children of the principles of sobriety and temperance. ... For other uses, see Leeds (disambiguation) and Leeds City (disambiguation). ... The term working class is used to denote a social class. ...

In 1853, inspired by the Maine law in the USA, the United Kingdom Alliance led by John B. Gough was formed aimed at promoting a similar law prohibiting the sale of alcohol in the UK. This hard-line group of prohibitionists was opposed by other temperance organisations who preferred moral persuasion to a legal ban. This division in the ranks limited the effectiveness of the temperance movement as a whole. The impotence of legislation in this field was demonstrated when the Sale of Beer Act 1854 which restricted Sunday opening hours had to be repealed, following widespread rioting. In 1859 a prototype prohibition bill was overwhelmingly defeated in the House of Commons.^[4] The United Kingdom Alliance was a temperance movement in the United Kingdom founded on 20 July 1852. ...

Despite this setback Quakers and the Salvation Army (founded in 1865) still lobbied parliament to restrict alcohol sales. Nonconformists were active with large numbers of Baptist and Congregational ministers being teetotal. In Wales Lady Llanover closed all the public houses on her estate and was an outspoken critic of the evils of drink. The Religious Society of Friends, commonly known as Quakers, or Friends, is a religious community founded in England in the 17th century. ... Shield of The Salvation Army The Salvation Army is a non-military evangelical Christian organisation. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Baptist is... Lady Llanover (1802-1896), formerly Augusta Hall, was a Welsh heiress, best known as a patron of the arts. ...

In 1876 the British Women's Temperance Association was formed to persuade men to stop drinking and in 1884 the National Temperance Federation, associated with the Liberal Party was founded. ^[5] The British Womens Temperance Association (BWTA) was founded following a meeting in Newcastle upon Tyne in 1876 featuring American temperance activist Mother Eliza Stewart. ... This article is about the historic Liberal Party. ...

The temperance movement received an unexpected boost due to state intervention when the Liberal government passed the Defence of the Realm Act in 1914 at the beginning of the First World War. According to the provisions of this act pub hours were licensed, beer was watered down and was subject to a penny a pint extra tax.^[6]This situation was maintained by the subsequent establishment of the State Management Scheme in 1916 which nationalised breweries and pubs in certain areas of Britain where armanents manufacture was taking place. The Defence of the Realm Act (DORA) was passed in the United Kingdom in August 1914, during the early weeks of World War I. It gave the government wide-ranging powers during the war period, such as censorship and the power to requisition buildings or land needed for the war... // The State Management Scheme (known locally as The Scheme) saw the UK government take over and run the brewing, distribution and sale of liquor in three regions of the UK from 1916 until 1973. ...

However in the end the dismal example of the complete failure of National Prohibition in America in the 1920's put paid to any remote chance that the temperance lobby would succeed in achieving its aims in the UK^[7]

Ireland

In Ireland, a Catholic priest Theobald Matthew persuaded thousands to sign the pledge. Father Mathew Theobald Mathew (1790-1856) was an Irish temperance reformer, popularly known as Father Mathew was born at Thomastown, near Cashel, County Tipperary, on October 10, 1790. ...

New Zealand

In New Zealand at the end of the 19th Century it became apparent that problems associated with settlement, such as larrikinism and drunkenness, were growing in society. Increasing urbanisation heightened public awareness of the gap between social aspirations and reality of the young colony. Generalisations from newspapers, visiting speakers & politicians in the late 1890’s allowed development of large public overreaction and fervor to the magnitude of the problem of alcohol.^{[citation needed]} It became the firm opinion of a number of prominent New Zealanders that the colony’s problems were associated with alcohol.^{[citation needed]} Larrikinism is the name given to the Australian folk tradition of irreverence, mockery of authority and disregard for rigid norms of propriety. ... Urbanization is the degree of or increase in urban character or nature. ...

Despite the efforts of the temperance movement, the rate of convictions for drunkenness remained constant in New Zealand.^{[citation needed]} The rapid increase in the number of convictions for public drunkenness was more a reflection of the growing population rather than social denigration.^{[citation needed]}

The pressure applied from the temperance movement crippled New Zealand’s young wine industry post WWI.^{[citation needed]} For other uses, see Wine (disambiguation). ... WWI may be an acronym for: World War I World Wrestling Industry This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

In 1834, the first recorded temperance meeting was held in the Bay of Islands (Northland).^{[citation needed]} The 1860’s saw the foundation of a large number of temperance societies.^{[citation needed]} Many provinces passed licensing ordinances giving residents the right to secure, by petition, the cancellation or granting of liquor licenses in their district.^{[citation needed]} The Licensing Act of 1873 allowed the prohibition of liquor sales in districts if petitioned by two-thirds of residents.^{[citation needed]} In this year a national body called the New Zealand Alliance for Suppression and Abolition of Liquor Traffic was formed pushing for control of the liquor trade as a democratic right.^{[citation needed]} In 1893 the Alcoholic Liquors Sale Control Act aligned licensing districts with parliamentary electorates.^{[citation needed]} In 1894 Clutha electorate voted ‘no-license’ and in 1902 Mataura and Ashburton followed suit. In 1905 Invercargill, Oamaru and Greylynn voted ‘no-license’. In 1908 Bruce, Wellington suburbs, Wellington South, Masterton, Ohinemuri and Eden voted ‘no-license' and many wine makers were denied the right to sell their wines locally and were forced out of business. The Clutha were a traditional Scottish band Early years In 1957 Norman Buchan was a teacher at Rutherglen Academy. ... Mataura is a town in the Southland region of the South Island of New Zealand. ... Ashburton is a town and district in the Canterbury region on the east coast of the South Island of New Zealand. ... Cnr of Esk and Dee Streets, looking up Esk st, one of the main shopping streets of Invercargill. ...   Shibboleth: The southern (Kāi Tahu) dialect of Māori ignores the first A in the name (AUH-muh-ROO). ... This article is about the name. ... Wellington South was a former federal electoral district represented in the Canadian House of Commons, and located in the province of Ontario. ... Masterton is a town (and local government district) in the Wellington region of New Zealand. ... // Eden may refer to: Garden of Eden, an original meaning, a place east of Eden described in Book of Genesis. ... For other uses, see Wine (disambiguation). ...

In 1911 the Liquor Amendment Act provided for national poll on prohibition and the New Zealand Viticultural Association was formed to “save this fast decaying industry by initiation of such legislation as will restore confidence among those who after long years of waiting have almost lost confidence in the justice of the Government. Through harsh laws and withdrawal of government support and encouragement that had been promised, a great industry had been practically ruined.”^{[citation needed]} The term Prohibition, also known as A Dry Law, refers to a law in a certain country by which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted or illegal. ...

In 1914 sensing a growing feeling of wowserism, Prime Minister Massey lambasted Dalmatian wine as "a degrading, demoralizing and sometimes maddening drink."

On April 10, 1919 a national poll for continuance was carried with 51%, due only to votes of Expeditionary Force soldiers returning from Europe.^{[citation needed]} On December 7 a second poll failed by 3363 votes to secure prohibition over continuance or state purchase and control of liquor.^{[citation needed]} Restrictive legislation was introduced on sale of liquor, and by 1928 the percentage of prohibition votes begin to decline.^{[citation needed]}

References

Constantine is a village and civil parish in Cornwall. ...

Bibliography

• Jack S. Blocker, David M. Fahey, and Ian R. Tyrrell eds. Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia 2 Vol. (2003)
• Bordin, Ruth. Woman and Temperance: The Quest for Power and Liberty, 1873-1900 1981
• Ernest Cherrington, Evolution of Prohibition in the United States (1926). by dry leader
• Ernest Cherrington, ed., Standard Encyclopaedia of the Alcohol Problem 6 volumes (1925-1930), comprehensive international coverage to late 1920s
• Clark; Norman H. Deliver Us From Evil: An Interpretation of American Prohibition. W.W. Norton , 1976. supports prohibition
• Dannenbaum, Jed. "The Origins of Temperance Activism and Militancy among American Women", Journal of Social History vol. 14 (1981): 235-36.
• Heath, Dwight B. (ed.) International Handbook on Alcohol and Culture. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1995.
• Harrison, Brian Drink & the Victorians, the Temperance question in England 1815-1872, Faber and Faber, 1971
• Jensen, Richard. The Winning of the Midwest, Social and Political Conflict, 1888-1896 University of Chicago Press, 1971
• McConnell, D. W. Temperance Movements. In: Seligman, Edwin R. A., and Johnson, Alvin (eds.) Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. , 1933.
• Odegard, Peter H. Pressure Politics: The Story of the Anti-Saloon League. 1928.
• Seabury, Olive The Carlisle State Management Scheme: A 60 year experiment in Regulation of the Liquor Trade, Bookcase Carlisle, 2007
• Sheehan, Nancy M. The WCTU and education: Canadian-American illustrations. Journal of the Midwest History of Education Society, 1981, P, 115-133.
• Smith, Rebecca. The Temperance Movement and Class Struggle in Vicorian England. Loyola University, 1993.
• Timberlake, James H. Prohibition and the Progressive Movement, 1900-1920. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1963.
• Tracy, Sarah W. and Caroline Jean Acker; Altering American Consciousness: The History of Alcohol and Drug Use in the United States, 1800-2000 U of Massachusetts Press, 2004
• Tyrrell, Ian; Woman's World/Woman's Empire: The Woman's Christian Temperance Union in International Perspective, 1880-1930 U of North Carolina Press, 1991

See also

• Christianity and alcohol
• Coffee Palace
• Daisy Douglas Barr
• Diocletian Lewis
• Edith Smith Davis
• Eliza Thompson
• International Organisation of Good Templars
• Mary Hunt
• Prohibition
• Purley Baker
• The Hallelujah Trail
• Thomas Sewall
• Washington movement
• Wedding of the Weddings
• William Hogarth's "Gin Lane"

Jesus making wine in The Marriage at Cana, a 14th century fresco from the Visoki Dečani monastery. ... The term Coffee Palace was used for 1880s hotels that did not serve alcohol as part of the Temperance movement in Australia. ... Daisy Douglas Barr was Imperial Empress (leader) of the Indiana Womens Ku Klux Klan (WKKK) in the early 1920s and an active member of the Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU). ... Diocletian Lewis (1823-1886), commonly known as Dr. Dio Lewis, was a temperance leader who sometimes practiced medicine. ... Edith Smith Davis was a major leader in the temperance movement. ... A lecture by Diocletian Lewis in 1873 inspired Eliza Thompson (Eliza Jane Trimble Thompson) to begin leading groups of women into saloons where they sang hymns prayed for the closure of the establishments. ... IOGT INTERNATIONAL is an organisation of men and women of all ages who promote the ideals of temperance, peace and brotherhood. ... Mary Hunt (1830-1906) became one of the most powerful women in the United States temperance movement promoting Prohibition of alcohol. ... The term Prohibition, also known as A Dry Law, refers to a law in a certain country by which the manufacture, transportation, import, export, and sale of alcoholic beverages is restricted or illegal. ... Purley Albert Baker (1858-1924) was an ordained Methodist minister who strongly opposed any consumption of beverage alcohol and was superintendent of the Ohio Anti-Saloon League. ... The Hallelujah Trail is a 1965 Western spoof directed by John Sturges and starring Burt Lancaster and Lee Remick. ... Dr. Thomas Sewall (born April 16, 1786, in Hallowell, Maine, died April 10, 1845) was a doctor, writer and professor. ... The Washingtonian movement (Washingtonians or Martha Washington movement) was a 19th century fellowship founded in 1838 by four suffering alcoholics in a bar in Baltimore, Maryland. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ... William Hogarth (November 10, 1697 – October 26, 1764) was a major English painter, printmaker, pictorial satirist, and editorial cartoonist who has been credited as a pioneer in western sequential art. ... Gin Lane William Hogarth produced the twin engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane at the height of what became known as the London Gin Craze in 1751. ...

Source

• National Prohibition of Alcohol in the U.S.

External links

• The Ku Klux Klan (KKK), Alcohol, and Prohibition
• In the South (entry in the New Georgia Encyclopedia)
• Temperance news page - Alcohol and Drugs History Society
• Temperance Movement Groups and Leaders in the U.S.
• Temperance Town, a suburb in Cardiff, Wales, where alcohol was banned