Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus on Capitoline Hill, 6th-1st century BC.

The Temple of Jupiter in the ancient Pompeii.

The Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus ("Jupiter, greatest and best"; also known as the Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus), was the great temple on the Capitol. Image File history File links Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus on Capitoline Hill, 6th through 1st century B.C Source of Image of Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus: http://www. ... Image File history File links Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus on Capitoline Hill, 6th through 1st century B.C Source of Image of Temple of Jupiter Capitolinus: http://www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2520x1707, 390 KB)Illustration of the Temple of Jupiter in Pompei, Italy. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (2520x1707, 390 KB)Illustration of the Temple of Jupiter in Pompei, Italy. ... Pompeii is a ruined Roman city near modern Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the comune of Pompei. ... Piazza del Campidoglio, on the top of Capitoline Hill, with the façade of Palazzo Senatorio. ...

History

The temple was dedicated in 509 BC to Jupiter and his companion deities, Juno and Minerva, forming the Capitoline Triad. Lucius Tarquinius Priscus vowed this temple while battling with the Sabines, and seems to have laid some of its foundations; a large part of the work, however, was done by Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, who is said to have nearly completed it. According to the tradition current in later times, there were shrines of other deities on the site intended for this temple, all of whom allowed themselves to be dispossessed in the proper way except Terminus and Iuventas. These shrines were therefore incorporated in the new temple, and the action of Terminus was regarded as a prophecy of the permanence of the cult and of Rome itself. The dedication of the temple on September 13 was ascribed to the first year of the republic, when this honour fell to Horatius Pulvillus by lot. Jupiter et Thétis - by Jean Ingres, 1811. ... Juno was a Roman goddess, the rough equivalent of the Greek Hera, queen of the gods. ... Minerva and the Muses, by Hans Rottenhammer (1603). ... The Capitoline Triad was comprised of three deities of Roman mythology who were worshipped most famously in an elaborate temple on Romes Capitoline Hill. ... Lucius Tarquinius Priscus was the legendary fifth King of Rome, said to have reigned from 616 BC to 579 BC. Tarquinius Priscus came from the Etruscan city of Tarquinii and was actually named Lucumo. ... Sabine (in Latin and in Italian, Sabina) is a sub-region of Latium, Italy, on the North-East of Rome toward Rieti. ... Lucius Tarquinius Superbus (also called Tarquin the Proud or Tarquin II) was the last of the seven legendary kings of Rome, son of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, and son-in-law of Servius Tullius. ... In Roman mythology, Terminus was the god of boundaries. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... September 13 is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years). ...

The original Temple measured almost 60 x 24 m. The Temple was first burnt down in 83 BC, under the wars during the dictatorship of Sulla. The new temple of Quintus Lutatius Catulus was renovated and repaired by Augustus; it was burnt down during the course of fighting on the hill in AD 69, when Vespasian battled to enter the city as Emperor. The last rebuilding was undertaken by the Emperor Domitian [1]. Centuries: 2nd century BC - 1st century BC - 1st century Decades: 130s BC 120s BC 110s BC 100s BC 90s BC - 80s BC - 70s BC 60s BC 50s BC 40s BC 30s BC Years: 88 BC 87 BC 86 BC 85 BC 84 BC - 83 BC - 82 BC 81 BC 80... Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix (Latin: L·CORNELIVS·L·F·P·N·SVLLA·FELIX) ¹ (ca. ... Quintus Lutatius Catulus Caesar was a Roman general and was consul with Marius in 102 BC. He was originally Sextus Julius Caesar, son of Sextus Julius Caesar (brother of Gaius Julius Caesar, who was father of Gaius Julius Caesar, who was in turn father of Julius Caesar) and brother of... For the honorific title, see Augustus (honorific). ... Vespasian sestertius, struck in 71 to celebrate the victory in the Jewish Rebellion. ... Domitian bust in the Louvre Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 – 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman emperor of the gens Flavia. ...

The Sibylline Books, which were written by classical sibyls, were stored in the Temple of Jupiter. The books were to be guarded and consulted by the Quindecemviri (council of fifteen) on matters of state only on emergencies. The books were lost when the temple burned in 83 BC. The Sibylline Books or Sibyllae were a collection of oracular utterances, set out in Greek hexameters, purchased from a sibyl by the semi-legendary last king of Rome, Tarquinius Superbus, and consulted at momentous crises through the history of the Republic and the Empire. ... The word Sibyl comes (via Latin) from the ancient Greek word sibylla, meaning prophetess. ... The quindecemviri sacris faciundis were the fifteen members of a college for less clearly defined religious duties. ...

Brutus and the assassins locked themselves inside the Temple of Jupiter after murdering Caesar. Decimus Junius Brutus Albinus (died 43 BC) was a Roman politician and general of the 1st century BC, one of Julius Caesars assassins. ... Gaius Julius Caesar (IPA: Classical Latin: IMP•C•IVLIVS•CAESAR•DIVVS1) (July 12, 100 BC – March 15, 44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader. ...

The Emperor Domitian, the last of the Flavian Emperors, continued the work of his brother, the Emperor Titus. Ancient sources tell us Domitian used at least twelve thousands talents of gold for the guilding of the bronze roof tiles alone. A talent is an ancient unit of mass. ...

In keeping with previous versions, statuary adorned the acroteria and reliefs the pediment. A Renaissance drawing of a now damaged relief in the Louvre shows a quadriga (four-horsed chariot) at the highest point of the pediment, a biga (two-horsed chariot) on the far right acroterion and statues of the god Mars and goddess Venus in between.

On the pediment, the god Jupiter, flanked by Juno and Minerva on either side, were seated enthroned. Below was an eagle with wings spread out. A two-horsed chariot driven by the sun god and a two-horsed chariot driven by the the moon respectively were depicted on either side of the three gods.

The temple as completed by Domitian is taken to have lasted more or less intact until the fifth century depradations of Stilicho, Genseric, and Narses, a period of over four hundred years.

Copies

The various version of the Temple of Jupiter were copied in many provinces of the Roman Empire, including Britannia, Pompeii and Africa. Britannia, the British national personification. ... Pompeii is a ruined Roman city near modern Naples in the Italian region of Campania, in the territory of the comune of Pompei. ... A satellite composite image of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second-most populous continent, after Asia. ...

Sources

• Richardson, Lawrence. A New Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. Johns Hopkins University Press.
• Stamper, John W. The Architecture of Roman Temples: The Republic to the Middle Empire. Cambridge University Press.

External link

• Temple of Jupiter