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Encyclopedia > Temple of Vespasian and Titus

Coordinates: 41.892727° N 12.483891° E Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

The pediment and frieze, in the tabularium
Close up

The Temple of Vespasian and Titus (templum divus vespasianus)[1] is located in Rome at the western end of the Roman Forum between the Temple of Concordia and the Temple of Saturn. It was begun by Titus in 80 A.D. after the death of his father, Vespasian. Titus’ brother, Domitian, completed and dedicated the temple to Titus and Vespasian in approximately 87 A.D. Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 381 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1206 × 1896 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 381 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1206 × 1896 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Tabularium, on the right, with the medioeval Senate palace built upon. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (November 17, 9–June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... This page refers to the main forum in the centre of Rome. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... The now ruined Temple of Saturn (Latin: Templum Saturni or Aedes Saturnus) stands at the western end of the Forum Romanum in Rome and represents the oldest surviving foundation within that area, having been established in circa 498 BCE. The present ruins represent the third incarnation of the Temple of... For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ... Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 – 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor of the gens Flavia. ... For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (November 17, 9–June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ...

Contents

Importance

Throughout Roman history, there was an emphasis on increasing the fame and glory of a family name, often times through monuments commemorating the deceased. Therefore, the temple was constructed to honor the Flavian Dynasty, comprised of the emperors Vespasian (69-79), Titus (79-81), and Domitian (81-96). Historians question whether or not Titus and Domitian had a good relationship; however, Domitian ensured the deification of his brother into the imperial cult in order to exalt the prominence of the Flavian name.[2] Titus and Vespasian were each diefied through an elaborate seven day religious-like festival called apotheosis.[3] In doing so, tradition guaranteed that Roman citizens and subjects would honor Vespasian and Titus (or at least honor their genius) as Roman dieties. This imperial cult worship was typically practiced more as a sign of allegiance to the emperor of Rome, or as a political and diplomatic gesterure, rather than any formal religion. Nevertheless, all people under Roman control were expected to pay homage to the imperial cult, and the animals typically sacrificed were bulls, because they were the most expensive. The Flavian dynasty was a series of three Roman Emperors who ruled from 69, the Year of the Four Emperors, to 96, when the last member was assassinated. ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (November 17, 9–June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ... Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 – 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor of the gens Flavia. ... For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ... Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 – 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor of the gens Flavia. ... Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 – 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor of the gens Flavia. ... An Imperial cult is a cult were an Emperor, or a dynasty of emperors, are worshipped as (semi-)gods or deities Ancient Rome In the Roman Empire the Imperial cult was the worship of the Roman emperor as a god. ... The Flavian dynasty was a series of three Roman Emperors - Vespasian, Titus, and Domitian - who ruled from 69, the Year of the Four Emperors, to 96. ... For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (November 17, 9–June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... Look up Apotheosis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (November 17, 9–June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ... A genius is a person of great intelligence. ... An Imperial cult is a cult were an Emperor, or a dynasty of emperors, are worshipped as (semi-)gods or deities Ancient Rome In the Roman Empire the Imperial cult was the worship of the Roman emperor as a god. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... An Imperial cult is a cult were an Emperor, or a dynasty of emperors, are worshipped as (semi-)gods or deities Ancient Rome In the Roman Empire the Imperial cult was the worship of the Roman emperor as a god. ...


Structure

The Temple of Vespasian was in the Corinthian order, hexastyle (ie with a portico six columns wide), and prostyle (ie with free standing columns that are widely spaced apart in a row).[4] It was particularly narrow due to the limited space, measuring 22 meters long and 22 wide. In a constricted space between this temple and the Concord, a small, two story vaulted room made of brick and concrete, and lined with marble, was built against the wall of the Tabularium, and apparently was dedicated to Titus.”[5] Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (November 17, 9–June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... The Corinthian order as used for the portico of the Pantheon, Rome provided a prominent model for Renaissance and later architects, through the medium of engravings. ... Look up Hexastyle in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Hexastyle is an architectural term given to a temple in the portico of which there are six columns in front. ... The National Bank, Oamaru, New Zealand, built 1871. ... This article or section needs copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone and/or spelling. ... The Tabularium, on the right, with the medioeval Senate palace built upon. ... For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ...


Construction and Renovation

Titus began construction and presumably finished the foundations, made of tufa concrete[6], and the core of the podium, made of white marble.[7][8] Domitian, however, completed the interior work after Titus’ death.[9] The cella (inner) walls were made of Oriental marbles.[10] The interior is highly ornate and the frieze depicts sacred objects that would have been used as the symbols, or badges, of the various priestly Collegia in Rome.[11] Around 200 to 205 A.D., Emperors Septimius Severus and his son, Caracalla, conducted renovations on the temple.[12] For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ... Tufa is the name for an unusual geological formation. ... Titus Flavius Domitianus (24 October 51 – 18 September 96), commonly known as Domitian, was a Roman Emperor of the gens Flavia. ... For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ... A cella, in Ancient Greek and Roman temples was the central room that housed cult statues. ... Frieze of the Tower of the Winds. ... In Ancient Rome, a collegium (plural collegia, joined by law) was one of the four great religious corporations (quattuor amplissima collegia) of Roman priests. ... Nickname: Motto: SPQR: Senatus Populusque Romanus Location of the city of Rome (yellow) within the Province of Rome (red) and region of Lazio (grey) Coordinates: Region Lazio Province Province of Rome Founded 21 April 753 BC Government  - Mayor Walter Veltroni Area  - City 1,285 km²  (580 sq mi)  - Urban 5... Lucius Septimius Severus (b. ... Caracalla (April 4, 186 – April 8, 217) was Roman Emperor from 211 – 217. ...


Modern Day Remains

The temple suffered significant damage during mediaeval times, “especially about the year 1300, in the reign of Pope Boniface VIII., and later by Nicholas V., when both angles towards the Forum were destroyed and the whole front [was] built up to make it into a fortress, with towers at the corners.”[13] Currently, "the core of the podium with some of its peperino lining, two fragments of the cella wall of travertine, part of the pedestal in the rear of the cella on which stood the statues of Vespasian and Titus, and three Corinthian columns at the south-east corner of the pronaos" remain standing.[14] Follow the external link below to see photophraphs. Pope Boniface VIII (c. ... Nicholas V, né Tomaso Parentucelli (November 15, 1397–March 24, 1455) was pope from March 6, 1447, to March 24, 1455. ... Peperino is an Italian name applied to a brown or grey volcanic tuff, containing fragments of basalt and limestone, with disseminated crystals of augite, mica, magnetite, leucite, and other similar minerals. ... A cella, in Ancient Greek and Roman temples was the central room that housed cult statues. ... Travertine Travertine terraces at Mammoth Hot Springs, Yellowstone National Park A carving in travertine Travertine is a sedimentary rock. ... A cella, in Ancient Greek and Roman temples was the central room that housed cult statues. ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (November 17, 9–June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... For other uses, see Titus (disambiguation). ... The Corinthian order as used for the portico of the Pantheon, Rome provided a prominent model for Renaissance and later architects, through the medium of engravings. ...


References

  1. ^ Platner, Samuel B., and Thomas Ashby. A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. London: Oxford UP, 1929. 556.
  2. ^ Grant, Michael. The Roman Emperors. 1st ed. New York: Scribner’S, 1985. 61.
  3. ^ Herodian, History IV. ii
  4. ^ Middleton, J H. The Remains of Ancient Rome. Vol. 1. London and Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1892. 339.
  5. ^ Middleton, J H. The Remains of Ancient Rome. Vol. 1. London and Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1892. 341.
  6. ^ Middleton, J H. The Remains of Ancient Rome. Vol. 1. London and Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1892. 377.
  7. ^ Jones, Brian W. The Emperor Titus. New York: St. Martin's P, 1984. 143.
  8. ^ Platner, Samuel B., and Thomas Ashby. A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. London: Oxford UP, 1929. 556.
  9. ^ Jones, Brian W. The Emperor Titus. New York: St. Martin's P, 1984. 143.
  10. ^ Middleton, J H. The Remains of Ancient Rome. Vol. 1. London and Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1892. 340.
  11. ^ Middleton, J H. The Remains of Ancient Rome. Vol. 1. London and Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1892. 340.
  12. ^ Middleton, J H. The Remains of Ancient Rome. Vol. 1. London and Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1892. 389.
  13. ^ Middleton, J H. The Remains of Ancient Rome. Vol. 1. London and Edinburgh: Adam and Charles Black, 1892. 377.
  14. ^ Platner, Samuel B., and Thomas Ashby. A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome. London: Oxford UP, 1929. 556.

External Links

Temple of Vespesian and Titus Digitally Reconstructed


Temple Location


Temple Remains (good photographs but be wary of historical information)

 

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