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Tempura

Tempura (てんぷら or 天麩羅, tenpura^?) is a classic Japanese dish of deep fried battered vegetables or seafood. Image File history File links Portal. ... A 1367 tempera on wood by Niccolò Semitecolo. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Tempura. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Tempura. ... A Deep-fried Twinkie Deep-frying is a cooking method whereby food is submerged in hot oil or fat. ... Batter is a thick or thin liquid mixture, usually based on flour, water or milk, and egg. ... Vegetables on a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. ... Spaghetti with seafood (Spaghetti allo scoglio). ...

Preparation

Batter and frying

A light batter is made of cold water and wheat flour. Eggs, baking soda or baking powder, starch, oil, and/or spices may also be added. Tempura batter is traditionally mixed in small batches using chopsticks for only a few seconds, leaving lumps in the mixture that along with the cold batter temperature result in the unique fluffy and crisp tempura structure when cooked. Thin slices or strips of vegetables or seafood are dipped in flour, then the batter or panko, then briefly deep-fried in hot oil. For other uses, see Flour (disambiguation). ... Chicken egg (left) and quail eggs (right), the types of egg commonly used as food An egg is a body consisting of an ovum surrounded by layers of membranes and an outer casing of some type, which acts to nourish and protect a developing embryo. ... Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), or sodium hydrogen carbonate, also known as baking soda and bicarbonate of soda, is a soluble white anhydrous or crystalline compound, with a slight alkaline taste resembling that of sodium carbonate. ... [[Image:PIPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPEPbe caused by ingredients like buttermilk, lemon, yoghurt, citrus, or honey. ... Starch (CAS# 9005-25-8, chemical formula (C6H10O5)n,[1]) is a mixture of amylose and amylopectin (usually in 20:80 or 30:70 ratios). ... Synthetic motor oil For other uses, see Oil (disambiguation). ... External links Wikibooks Cookbook has more about this subject: Spice Food Bacteria-Spice Survey Shows Why Some Cultures Like It Hot Citat: ...Garlic, onion, allspice and oregano, for example, were found to be the best all-around bacteria killers (they kill everything). ... For other uses, see Chopsticks (disambiguation). ... Deep frying is cooking food by submerging the whole food item in hot oil or fat, originating in Africa. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with vegetable oil. ...

Ingredients

Kakiage-style tempura at Delica-RF1 in San Francisco.

Common ingredients in traditional tempura include:

• Seafood: Prawn, Shrimp, squid, scallop, anago (conger eel), ayu (sweetfish), crab, and a wide variety of fish
• Vegetables: bell pepper, kabocha squash, eggplant, carrot, burdock, green beans, sweet potato, yam, potato, renkon (lotus root), shiitake mushroom, mushrooms, bamboo shoots, okra.

Nearly any food may be used so long as it does not release water into the batter before or during frying. Rice and other cereals, processed foods such as tofu, and watery foods such as cabbage and fruit are generally not used, although some versions of agedashi dofu resemble tempura. Superfamilies and families Penaeoidea Aristeidae Benthesicymidae Penaeidae Sicyoniidae Solenoceridae Sergestoidea Luciferidae Sergestidae Wikispecies has information related to: Dendrobranchiata Prawns are shrimp–like crustaceans, belonging to the sub-order Dendrobranchiata [1]. Prawns are distinguished from the superficially similar shrimp by the gill structure which is branching in prawns (hence the name... Superfamilies Alpheoidea Atyoidea Bresilioidea Campylonotoidea Crangonoidea Galatheacaridoidea Nematocarcinoidea Oplophoroidea Palaemonoidea Pandaloidea Pasiphaeoidea Procaridoidea Processoidea Psalidopodoidea Stylodactyloidea True shrimp are swimming, decapod crustaceans classified in the infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. ... For other uses, see Squid (disambiguation). ... Genera See text. ... Species Conger cinereus Conger conger Conger erebennus Conger esculentus Conger japonicus Conger macrocephalus Conger myriaster Conger oceanicus Conger oligoporus Conger orbignianus Conger philippinus Conger triporiceps Conger verreauxi Conger wilsoni Conger is a genus of marine congrid eels. ... Binomial name Plecoglossus altivelis (Temminck & Schlegel, 1846) This is an article about a fish ayu. For a Japanese singer, see Ayumi Hamasaki. ... The sweetfish (Japanese: 鮎 (ayu), Plecoglossus altivelis) is a trout-like East Asian fish. ... For other uses, see Crab (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Fish (disambiguation). ... Binomial name Capsicum annuum L. For green peppercorns, see Black pepper. ... Binomial name Cucurbita maxima, Cucurbita moschata, Cucurbita pepo {{{author}}} Kabocha (南瓜, かぼちゃ, literally southern melon) pronounced: kah-bow-cha is a squash, the word Kabocha has come to mean a general type of winter squash to English speaking growers and buyers. ... Aubergine redirects here. ... This article is about the cultivated vegetable. ... Inflorescence Greater burdock (Arctium lappa) is a biannual plant of the Asteraceae family, cultivated in gardens for its root used as a vegetable. ... Green bean plant Green beans are the immature pods of any kind of bean when eaten immature as a vegetable. ... Binomial name (L.) Lam. ... Yams at Brixton market Yam is the common name for some species in the genus Dioscorea (family Dioscoreaceae). ... For other uses, see Potato (disambiguation). ... Species Nelumbo lutea (American Lotus) Nelumbo nucifera (Sacred Lotus) Nelumbo is a genus of water flowers commonly known as lotus (Hindi: कमल) and the only genus in the family Nelumbonaceae. ... Shiitake mushrooms The shiitake mushroom (Japanese: 椎茸; Chinese: 香菇; pinyin: ) (Lentinus edodes or Lentinula edodes), more rarely called the black forest mushroom, is an edible mushroom typically cultivated on the shii tree (Pasania cuspidata — a relative of the oak). ... For other uses, see Mushroom (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Bamboo (disambiguation). ... Binomial name (L.) Moench Okra (American English: , British English ), also known as ladys finger[1], bhindi and gumbo, is a flowering plant valued for its edible green fruits. ... For other uses, see Rice (disambiguation). ... Grain redirects here. ... For other uses, see Tofu (disambiguation). ... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... For other uses, see Fruit (disambiguation). ... Agedashi tofu (or agedashi dofu, 揚げ出し豆腐 Agedashi tōfu) is a simple Japanese way to serve hot tofu. ...

Serving and presentation

Tendon

Cooked bits of tempura are either eaten alone with dipping sauce or used to assemble other dishes. Tempura is commonly served with grated daikon and eaten hot immediately after frying. The most common sauce is tentsuyu sauce (roughly three parts dashi, one part mirin, and one part shoyu). Alternatively, tempura may be sprinkled with sea salt before eating. Mixtures of powdered green tea and salt or yuzu and salt are also used. Binomial name Raphanus sativus L. Daikon (Japanese: , literally large root; Traditional Chinese: , literally white carrot; Korean: mu, literally radish), is a mild-flavored East Asian giant white radish. ... Tentsuyu (Japanese: てんつゆ/天汁) is Japanese tempura dipping sauce. ... Dashi (出汁) is one of several simple soup stocks considered fundamental to Japanese cooking. ... Mirin (kanji: 味醂; hiragana: みりん) is an essential condiment used in Japanese cuisine, with a slightly sweet taste. ... Japanese name Kanji: Hiragana: Korean name Hangul: Vietnamese name Quoc Ngu: Soy sauce (US) or soya sauce is a fermented sauce made from soybeans (soya beans), roasted grain, water and salt. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Matcha IPA: ) is a fine, powdered green tea used particularly in Japanese tea ceremony, as well as to dye and flavour foods such as mochi and soba noodles, green tea ice cream and a variety of wagashi (Japanese confectionery). ... It is a kind of pomelo. ...

Kakiage is a type of tempura made with mixed vegetable strips, such as onion, carrot, and burdock, and sometimes including shrimp, which are deep fried as small round fritters. Superfamilies Alpheoidea Atyoidea Bresilioidea Campylonotoidea Crangonoidea Galatheacaridoidea Nematocarcinoidea Oplophoroidea Palaemonoidea Pandaloidea Pasiphaeoidea Procaridoidea Processoidea Psalidopodoidea Stylodactyloidea True shrimp are swimming, decapod crustaceans classified in the infraorder Caridea, found widely around the world in both fresh and salt water. ... An apple fritter Malaysian roadside fritters A fritter is any kind of food coated in batter and deep fried. ...

Tempura is also used in combination with other foods. When served over soba (buckwheat noodles), it is called tempura soba or tensoba. Tempura is also served as a donburi dish where tempura shrimp and vegetables are served over steamed rice in a bowl (tendon) and on top of udon soup (Tempura Udon). Soba served on a zaru Soba ) is the Japanese word for buckwheat. ... Tensoba, or Tempura Soba is a dish of soba noodles and tempura served in a hot, dark broth made from dashi, soy sauce, and other ingredients. ... Donburi (丼, lit. ... This article is about the Japanese noodle dish. ...

History and variations

Tempura ice cream.

Tempura was introduced to Japan in the mid-sixteenth century by early Portuguese and Spanish missionaries and traders.^[1] The word tempura may be derived from the Portuguese noun tempero, meaning a condiment or seasoning, or from the verb temperar, meaning "to season".^[1][2] There is still today a dish in Portugal very similar to tempura called peixinhos da horta, "garden fishies". An alternative explanation for the word is that it is derived from 'tempora', a Latin word meaning "times", "time period" used by either Spanish or Portuguese missionaries to refer to the Lenten period (ad tempora quadragesimae) where they could not eat meat.^[3] This article is about the concept of time. ... For other uses, see Lent (disambiguation). ... For the season known as Quadragesima, see Lent. ...

In Japan, restaurants specializing in tempura are called tenpura-ya and range from inexpensive fast food chains to very expensive five-star restaurants. Many restaurants offer tempura as part of a set meal or a obentoo (lunch box). For other uses, see Restaurant (disambiguation). ... Fast food is food prepared and served quickly at a fast-food restaurant or shop at low cost. ... A restaurant chain is a set of related restaurants, typically with the same name in many different locations either under shared corporate ownership (e. ...

Outside Japan restaurants sometimes use broccoli, zucchini and asparagus. There are many non-traditional and fusion uses of tempura. Chefs over the world include tempura dishes on their menus, and a wide variety of different batters and ingredients are used. Variations include using panko or corn flour, and frying unusual ingredients such as nori slices, non-watery fruit such as banana, and ice cream. Broccoli is a plant of the Cabbage family, Brassicaceae (formerly Cruciferae). ... This article is about the fruit. ... For the botanical genus, see Asparagus (genus). ... Fusion cuisine combines elements of various culinary traditions whilst not fitting specifically into any. ... Baked panko crusted pork with pineapple sauce over udon. ... Products made out of cornstarch Cornstarch, or cornflour, is the starch of the maize grain, commonly known as corn. ... For other uses, see Nori (disambiguation). ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Missing image Ice cream is often served on a stick Boxes of ice cream are often found in stores in a display freezer. ...

In northern Taiwan, tempura is also known as 天婦羅 or 甜不辣 (tianbula) and can be found at night markets such as Shilin Night Market and Keelung Temple Night Market, where it is famous. The ingredients and method used for making Taiwanese tempura are completely different from Japanese tempura, and they share only the name. In southern Taiwan, however, it is known as 黒輪 or 和田 and is more the counterpart to oden. Oden is generally known as 關東煮 or "Kwantung cooking" in reference to the Kwantung (Kantō) region of Japan. Chichicastenango, Guatemala traditional market Market stall in internally displaced persons camp in Kitgum, northern Uganda Mercado dos Lavradores, Funchal (Madeira Islands) A market is a mechanism which allows people to trade, normally governed by the theory of supply and demand. ... Shilin Night Market is a night market in Shilin District, Taipei City. ... Oden (おでん) is a Japanese dish consisting of several ingredients such as boiled eggs, daikon radish, konnyaku, and chikuwa cooked in konbu or katsuobushi based dashi broth. ... Kantō region, Japan. ...

See also

• Japanese words from Portuguese
• Tonkatsu, a Japanese deep fried pork cutlet
• Pakora, an Indian food resembling tempura

Many Japanese words of Portuguese origin entered the Japanese language when Portuguese Jesuit priests introduced Christian ideas and things to the Japanese during the Muromachi period (15-16 century). ... Typical Japanese Tonkatsu, served in Seoul, Korea. ... A plate of onion and potato pakoras Pakora is a type of Indian cuisine or Pakistani cuisine created by taking ingredients such as chicken, onion, eggplant, lentils, potato, spinach, cauliflower, tomato, and chilli, dipping them in a batter of gram flour and then deep-frying them. ...

References

The Kikkoman Corporation (キッコーマン Kikkōman) is an international company based in Japan. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 347th day of the year (348th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... is the 283rd day of the year (284th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 2008 (MMVIII) is the current year, a leap year that started on Tuesday of the Anno Domini (or common era), in accordance to the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 11th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

Wikibooks' Cookbook has more about this subject:

Tempura

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Tempura

• Tempura recipe and how-to