Tenedos
Location in Turkey
Overview
Region	Marmara Region, Turkey
Province	Çanakkale Province
Population	2427 (2000)[1]
Area	37.6[1] km²
Population density	65/km²
Postal code	17x xx
Area code	0286
Licence plate code	17
Mayor	Mustafa Mutay (Motherland Party)
Website	[2]

Tenedos, known as Bozcaada officially and by its Turkish inhabitants, (Greek: Τένεδος, Tenedhos), is a small island in the Aegean Sea, part of the Bozcaada district of Çanakkale province in Turkey. Bozcaada/Tenedos has a population of about 2,500. The main industries of Tenedos, and neighboring Imbros are fishing and tourism. The grapes, wines and red poppies of Tenedos have been famous for centuries. The population is mostly Turkish but there are still about 30 Greeks on Tenedos. Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 519 pixelsFull resolution (3357 × 2178 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links ImbrosTenedos_2. ... Below each region you will find associated Cities with the region. ... Marmara Region The Marmara Region (Turkish Marmara), with a surface area of 67. ... Provinces of Turkey are called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i). ... shows the Location of the Province Canakkale Çanakkale is a province of Turkey, located in the northwestern part of the country. ... This article is about the physical quantity. ... Postal codes in Turkey are usually found generally start with the two digit license plate code followed by three digits to specify the location within the province. ... Turkey went from six (2+4) to seven digits (3+4) local phone numbers c. ... Turkish car number plates are license plates found on Turkish vehicles. ... The Motherland Party of Turkey, (Turkish: Anavatan Partisi or ANAP) is a political party in Turkey. ... Look up Aegean Sea in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Tenedos, known as Bozcaada officially and by its Turkish inhabitants, (Greek: , Tenedhos), is a small island in the Aegean Sea, part of the Bozcaada district of Çanakkale province in Turkey. ... The provinces of Turkey are divided into 923 districts (ilçeler; sing. ... shows the Location of the Province Canakkale Çanakkale is a province of Turkey, located in the northwestern part of the country. ... Provinces of Turkey are called iller in Turkish (singular is il, see Turkish alphabet for capitalization of i). ... For the district, see Gökçeada (district). ...

Geography

Tenedos is roughly triangular shaped. Its area is 39 km² (15 sq mi) [3]. It is surrounded by small islets, some of which can be seen on the historical map in this page. A square metre (US spelling: square meter) is by definition the area enclosed by a square with sides each 1 metre long. ...

It is situated close to the entrance of Dardanelles, hence has a strategic position which shaped its hisory.

Bozcaada is a district (ilçe) of Çanakkale Province of Turkey. The provinces of Turkey are divided into 923 districts (ilçeler; sing. ... shows the Location of the Province Canakkale Çanakkale is a province of Turkey, located in the northwestern part of the country. ...

History

Antiquity

Tenedos was already an established sanctuary of Apollo in the eighth century BC, as shown by the Homeric formula for the god: "Lord Supreme of Tenedos" (Iliad I). For other uses, see Apollo (disambiguation). ... title page of the Rihel edition of ca. ...

According to Greek mythology, the name "Tenedos" is derived from the eponymous hero Tenes, who ruled the island at the time of the Trojan War and was killed by Achilles; Philoctetes was abandoned on Tenedos. In Virgil's Aeneid, Tenedos is described as the island in whose bay the Achaeans hid their fleet near the end of the Trojan War in order to trick the Trojans into believing the war was over and allowing the Trojans to take the Trojan Horse within their city walls. The bust of Zeus found at Otricoli (Sala Rotonda, Museo Pio-Clementino, Vatican) Greek mythology is the body of stories belonging to the Ancient Greeks concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. ... An eponym is the name of a person, whether real or fictitious, who has (or is thought to have) given rise to the name of a particular place, tribe, discovery, or other item. ... In Greek mythology, Tenes was a son of King Cycnus of Colonae. ... The fall of Troy, by Johann Georg Trautmann (1713–1769). ... For other uses, see Achilles (disambiguation). ... In Greek mythology, Philoctetes (also Philoktêtês or Philocthetes, Φιλοκτήτης) was the son of King Poeas of Meliboea in Thessaly. ... For other uses, see Virgil (disambiguation). ... Aeneas flees burning Troy, Federico Barocci, 1598 Galleria Borghese, Rome The Aeneid (IPA English pronunciation: ; in Latin Aeneis, pronounced — the title is Greek in form: genitive case Aeneidos) is a Latin epic written by Virgil in the 1st century BC (between 29 and 19 BC) that tells the legendary story... The Achaeans (in Greek , Achaioi) is the collective name given to the Greek forces in Homers Iliad (used 598 times). ... For other uses of Troy or Ilion, see Troy (disambiguation) and Ilion (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Trojan Horse (disambiguation). ...

In ancient Greek history, there was an Aeolian settlement on Tenedos; it was conquered by Persian Empire, there was a naval battle between C. Valerius Triarius and Mithridates' fleet off the island. In Pausanias' time, Tenedos was subject to Alexandria Troas. Ancient Greece is a period in Greek history that lasted for around nine hundred years. ... The Aeolians were one of the ancient Greek tribes. ... The name Mithridates (more accurately, Mithradates) is helenized form of a Indo-Aryan Mithra-Datt, which means One given by Mithra. Mithra is the Indo-Aryan sun-god and Datt (Given by) derives from the Indo-European root da, to give. That name was borne by a large number of... Pausanias (Greek: ) was a Greek traveller and geographer of the 2nd century A.D., who lived in the times of Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius. ... Alexandria Troas (Alexandria of the Troad, mod. ...

Athenaeus remarks on the beauty of the women of Tenedos, and on its marjoram; Pindar also loved Theoxenus of Tenedos.^[2] Athenaeus (ca. ... Pindar (or Pindarus) (probably born 522 BC in Cynoscephalae, a village in Boeotia; died 443 BC in Argos), was perhaps the greatest of the nine lyric poets of ancient Greece. ...

Part of the Venetian fortress on Tenedos (Bozcaada)

The Venetian fortress in the island of Bozcaada (Tenedos) off the coast of Turkey in the Aegian Sea Photograph taken in June 2003 by Henryk Kotowski and released under the terms of GFDL licence File links The following pages link to this file: Gökçeada and Bozcaada Turkey ... The Venetian fortress in the island of Bozcaada (Tenedos) off the coast of Turkey in the Aegian Sea Photograph taken in June 2003 by Henryk Kotowski and released under the terms of GFDL licence File links The following pages link to this file: Gökçeada and Bozcaada Turkey ...

Late middle ages

The island was acquired by Venetians from the Byzantine Empire in 1377, but after a conflict with the Genoese, they ceded it to Savoy and evacuated it in 1381. The Pope decided that the castle on Tenedos should be demolished, rather than be a source of contention between the two cities; 4000 Greek islanders from Tenedos were resettled in Crete and Euboea. [4] The Spanish traveller Clavijo visited the island in 1401, and wrote that it was deserted, but he found many vineyards, fruit trees, rabbits and the ruins of a great castle. [5] Another Spanish traveller, Pero Tafur, visited the island in 1437 and found it deserted, with many rabbits, the vineyards covering the island still uncultivated, but the port well-maintained. He mentions frequent Turkish attacks on shipping in the harbor, now that the Castle no longer existed. [6] For other uses, see Venice (disambiguation). ... “Byzantine” redirects here. ... The War of Chioggia was a conflict between Genoa and Venice which lasted from 1378 to 1381, from which Venice emerged triumphant. ... For other uses, see Crete (disambiguation). ... Euboea or Negropont (Modern Greek: Εύβοια Evia, Ancient Greek Εúβοια Eúboia; see also List of traditional Greek place names), is the largest island of the Greek archipelago. ... Ruy Gonzáles de Clavijo (? - April 2, 1412), Spanish traveler and writer. ... // Events foundation of All Souls College, University of Oxford. ...

Ottoman rule

Map of Bozcaada by the Ottoman cartographer Piri Reis (16 th century)

In the middle of 15th century, during the reign of Mehmet II, the Ottoman navy used the island as a supply base. The Venetians, realizing the strategic importance of island, deployed forces on it. In 1464, Ottoman Admiral Mahmud Pasha recaptured the island. During the Ottoman regime, the island was repopulated (by granting a tax exemption) and reengagaed with its traditional economic activities. Ottoman traveller Evliya Çelebi wrote in the 16th century that the finest wines in the world were being produced in Bozcaada. [7] Ottomans rebuilt the castle as well. Bozcaada, the name of the island in Turkish, is attested from the 16th century map of Piri Reis. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Piri Reis (originally Hadji Muhammad) was an Ottoman admiral born around 1465, in Gallipoli on the Dardanelles. ... Mehmed II Mehmed II (March 30, 1432 – May 3, 1481; nicknamed el-Fatih, the Conqueror) was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire for a short time from 1444 to 1446, and later from 1451 to 1481. ... Evliya Çelebi (اوليا چلبي; also known as DerviÅŸ Mehmed Zılli) (March 25, 1611–1682) was the most famous Ottoman traveler, having journeyed throughout the territories of the Ottoman Empire and the neighbouring lands over a period of forty years. ... Piri Reis (originally Hadji Muhammad) was an Ottoman admiral born around 1465, in Gallipoli on the Dardanelles. ...

The Venetians were able to control the island for a brief period once more, however, after the Battle of the Dardanelles in 1657, the Ottoman Empire took it back. In the 19th century Russians repeatedly captured Tenedos during the Russo-Turkish Wars and they used it as their military base to achieve the victories at the Dardanelles and Athos; but they could not hold it. The Ottomans adopted the Byzantine practice of using islands as places for the internal exile of state prisoners, such as Constantine Mourousis. Naval Operations in the Dardanelles Campaign Conflict First World War Date 19 February 1915 - 9 January 1916 Place Dardanelles, Turkey Result Turkish victory The Naval operations in the Dardanelles Campaign of the First World War were mainly carried out by the Royal Navy with substantial support from the French and... “Ottoman” redirects here. ... The Russo-Turkish Wars were a series of eleven wars fought between the Russian Empire and the Turkish-ruled Ottoman Empire during the seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries. ... The Battle of the Dardanelles was a naval clash during the Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812. ... The Battle of Mount Athos, also known as the Battle of Monte Sancto and Battle of Lemnos, was a key naval battle of the Russo-Turkish War, 1806-1812. ... Constantin Moruzi Constantine Demetrius Mourousis (Greek: Κωνσταντινος Δημητριος Μουρουζης - Constantinos Demetrios Mourouzis, Romanian:Constantin Dimitrie Moruzi; d. ...

Between Turkey and Greece

Tenedos, which is close to the Asian mainland, had been ethnically divided between Greeks and Turks since the 14th century, and the division was more or less equal when counts were taken. For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...

Because of their strategic position near the Dardanelles, the western powers, particularly Britain, insisted at the end of the Balkan Wars in 1913 that the islands of Tenedos and Imbros should be retained by the Ottoman Empire when the other Aegean islands were ceded to Greece. Map of the Dardanelles The Dardanelles (Turkish: Çanakkale BoÄŸazı, Greek: Δαρδανέλλια, Dardanellia), formerly known as the Hellespont (Greek: Eλλήσποντος, Hellespontos), is a narrow strait in northwestern Turkey connecting the Aegean Sea to the Sea of Marmara. ... Combatants  Ottoman Empire Balkan League: Bulgaria Greece Serbia Montenegro Commanders Ottoman Empire: Nizam PaÅŸa, Zeki PaÅŸa, Esat PaÅŸa, Abdullah PaÅŸa, Ali Rıza PaÅŸa Bulgaria: Vladimir Vazov, Vasil Kutinchev, Nikola Ivanov, Radko Dimitriev Greece:Crown Prince Constantine, Panagiotis Danglis, Pavlos Kountouriotis Serbia:Radomir Putnik, Petar... For the district, see Gökçeada (district). ... “Ottoman” redirects here. ...

Bozcaada Castle

In 1920, the Treaty of Sèvres with the defeated Ottoman Empire granted the island to Greece. The Ottoman government, which signed but did not ratify the treaty, was overthrown by the new Turkish Government of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, based in Ankara, which was not party to the treaty. After the Turkish War of Independence ended in Greek defeat in Anatolia, and the fall of Lloyd George and his Middle Eastern policies, the western powers agreed to the Treaty of Lausanne with the new Turkish Republic, in 1923. This treaty made Tenedos and Imbros part of Turkey; but it guaranteed a special autonomous administrative status there to accommodate the Greeks, and excluded them from the population exchange that took place between Greece and Turkey, due to their presence there as a majority. The treaty also provided for the rights of Greeks remaining in Turkey, and declared such rights fundamental laws unalterable by Turkish law or administrative decree, an international matter, to be amended only with the consent of a majority of the Council of the League of Nations^[3] Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 519 pixelsFull resolution (3357 × 2178 pixel, file size: 1. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 519 pixelsFull resolution (3357 × 2178 pixel, file size: 1. ... The Treaty of Sèvres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France. ... “Ottoman” redirects here. ... “Mustafa Kemal” redirects here. ... Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the countrys second largest city after Ä°stanbul. ... Combatants   Turkish Revolutionaries United Kingdom Greece France Italy Armenia Ottoman Empire Georgia Commanders Mustafa Kemal Ä°smet Ä°nönü Kazım Karabekir Ali Fuat Cebesoy Fevzi Çakmak George Milne Henri Gouraud Papoulas Georgios Hatzianestis Drastamat Kanayan Movses Silikyan Süleyman Åžefik Pasha The Turkish War of Independence (Turkish: KurtuluÅŸ Savaşı or... Anatolia and Europe Anatolia (Turkish: from Greek: Ανατολία - Anatolia) is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ... David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd George of Dwyfor, OM (January 17, 1863–March 26, 1945) was a British statesman and the last Liberal to be Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. ... Borders as shaped by the treaty The Treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923) was a peace treaty that settle a part of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire that reflected the consequences of the Turkish Independence War between Allies of World War I and Turkish national movement, (Grand National Assembly... This page has been protected from editing to deal with vandalism. ... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For the district, see Gökçeada (district). ... Cartoon depicting a Turk and a Greek arguing over the exchange. ... The League of Nations was an international organization founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919–1920. ...

However shortly after the Civil Law legislation of 17 February 1926 (Medeni Kanun), the rights accorded to minorities in Turkey were revoked, in violation of the Lausanne Treaty. ^{[citation needed]} For other uses of civil law, see civil law. ... West boarders of Turkey The Treaty of Lausanne was a peace treaty that was signed in Lausanne, Switzerland on July 24, 1923 by Turkey and Entente powers that fought in the First World War and in the Turkish Independence War. ...

The Greek population

A street

In all likelihood, the island was inhabited primarily by ethnic Greeks from ancient times through to around the middle of the twentieth century except for a hiatus of nearly half a century at the end of 14th - beginning of 15th century after Venetians evacuated it. Because precise census records are a recent phenomenon, the detailed historic ethnic makeup of the islands must remain a matter of conjecture; however, a census taken under Greek rule in 1922 showed a bare majority of Greek inhabitants on Tenedos.^{[citation needed]} The Greek Orthodox Church had a strong presence on the island. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (832 × 1248 pixel, file size: 169 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (832 × 1248 pixel, file size: 169 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... (19th century - 20th century - 21st century - more centuries) Decades: 1900s 1910s 1920s 1930s 1940s 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s The 20th century lasted from 1901 to 2000 in the Gregorian calendar (often from (1900 to 1999 in common usage). ... Greek Orthodox Church (Greek: Hellēnorthódoxē Ekklēsía) can refer to any of several hierarchical churches within the larger group of mutually recognizing Eastern Orthodox churches. ...

Article 14 of the Treaty of Lausanne (1923) exempted Imbros and Tenedos from the large-scale population exchange that took place between Greece and Turkey, and required Turkey to accommodate the local Greek majority and their rights. Specifically: Borders as shaped by the treaty The Treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923) was a peace treaty that settle a part of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire that reflected the consequences of the Turkish Independence War between Allies of World War I and Turkish national movement, (Grand National Assembly... Year 1923 (MCMXXIII) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The islands of Imbros and Tenedos, remaining under Turkish sovereignty, shall enjoy a special administrative organisation composed of local elements and furnishing every guarantee for the native non-Moslem population in so far as concerns local administration and the protection of persons and property. The maintenance of order will be assured therein by a police force recruited from amongst the local population by the local administration above provided for and placed under its orders.

Subsequently, the islands were to be largely autonomous and self-governing, with their own police force. Turkish policy consistently undermined both the spirit and letter of this commitment: Schools were required to teach exclusively in Turkish, and the local Greek population was marginalized in multiple ways.

Port

Large numbers of mainland Turks were settled on the two islands, and Greek property was expropriated by the Turkish government, which asserted security concerns. The adequacy of the compensation is disputed. Guarantees that were made to all the Greek inhabitants of Turkey in the Treaty of Lausanne were ignored, and the Turkish government implemented a policy of intimidation. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1248 × 832 pixel, file size: 196 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 533 pixelsFull resolution (1248 × 832 pixel, file size: 196 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Borders as shaped by the treaty The Treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923) was a peace treaty that settle a part of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire that reflected the consequences of the Turkish Independence War between Allies of World War I and Turkish national movement, (Grand National Assembly...

While the Cyprus dispute between Greece and Turkey escalated in the 1960's, the situation of the Greeks of the two islands continually deteriorated. These events have led to the Greeks emigrating from both islands. There remains only a very small Greek community on Tenedos today, comprising several dozen mostly elderly people. Most of the former Greeks of Imbros and Tenedos are in diaspora in Greece, the United States, and Australia. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For other uses, see Diaspora (disambiguation). ...

Economy

Bores Windfarm

Traditional economical activities are fishing and wine production. Most of the cultivated lands are covered with vineyards. Grape harvest festivities are held on 26-27 July. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (832 × 1248 pixel, file size: 71 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 400 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (832 × 1248 pixel, file size: 71 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File historyClick on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time. ...

Tourism was an important activity since 1970's but it developed rapidly from 1990's onwards. Long and fine beaches and the historical town of the island attract Turkish and foreign tourists. Residents hire parts of their houses as pensions. There also are small hotels.

Red poppies of the island are used to produce small quantities of sharbat and jam.

In year 2000, a wind farm of 17 turbines was erected at the western cape. It produces 10.2 MW energy, much more than the need of island. Excess power is transferred to mainland Anatolia. Year 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full 2000 Gregorian calendar). ... A wind farm is a collection of wind turbines in the same location. ... Anatolia and Europe Anatolia (Turkish: from Greek: Ανατολία - Anatolia) is a peninsula of Western Asia which forms the greater part of the Asian portion of Turkey, as opposed to the European portion (Thrace, or traditionally Rumelia). ...

Miscellaneous

• Bozcaada is the only rural district (ilçe) of Turkey without any villages. It has only one major settlement, Bozcaada town center.
• One well known islander born in the modern times is 19th century Ottoman Naval Minister Bozcaadalı Hasan Hüsnü Pasha, who founded the Naval Museum of Istanbul, built a library and a mosque and a hammam for women in that city. [8] [9] [10]

The provinces of Turkey are divided into 923 districts (ilçeler; sing. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... A hammam in Chefchaouen, Morocco The Turkish hammam (also Turkish bath or hamam) is the Middle Eastern variant of a steam bath, which can be categorized as a wet relative of the sauna. ...

Notes

The Deipnosophistes (deipnon “dinner” and sophistae, “the wise ones”) is variously translated as The Banquet of the Learned or Philosophers at Dinner or The Gastronomers is work of some 15 books (some complete and some surviving in summaries only) by the ancient Greek author Athenaeus of Naucratis in Egypt, written... The Liberal and Country League (LCL) was a major political party in South Australia throughout its forty year existence. ...

References

• Oxford Classical Dictionary s. "Tenedos"
• Loeb Classical Library Athenaeus.
• Website on the misfortunes of the Greeks. While tendentious, the section (in the middle of the page) about the islands is not strident, and asserts several matters of fact.
• Text of the Treaty of Lausanne.
• Les îles d'Imbros et de Tenedos (French) Source for population.
• Homer - The Iliad - Book XIII - Reference is made to a cavern located between the rocky isles of Imbros and Tenedos supposedly the home of the God Poseidon
• Travels of Spanish Ambassador Clavijo
• The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World by Angeliki E. Laiou and Roy Parviz Mottahedeh.
• Account of Spanish traveller Pero Tafur in 1437
• Norwegian source on the island being abandoned in 15th century.
• Bozcaada map by Piri Reis. It has to be flipped for correct orientation.
• Account of Ottoman traveller Evliya Çelebi about the wines of Bozcaada
• Bores windfarm

Athenaeus (ca. ... Piri Reis (originally Hadji Muhammad) was an Ottoman admiral born around 1465, in Gallipoli on the Dardanelles. ...

See also

• Treaty of Lausanne
• Greco-Turkish relations
• Treaty of Sèvres

Borders as shaped by the treaty The Treaty of Lausanne (July 24, 1923) was a peace treaty that settle a part of the partitioning of the Ottoman Empire that reflected the consequences of the Turkish Independence War between Allies of World War I and Turkish national movement, (Grand National Assembly... Relations between Greece and Turkey have been marked by alternating periods of mutual hostility and reconciliation ever since Greece won its independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1832. ... The Treaty of Sèvres is a peace treaty that the Allies of World War I and the Ottoman Empire signed on 10 August 1920 after World War I. Representatives from the governments of the parties involved signed the treaty in Sèvres, France. ...

External links

• Bozcaada government site
• Bozcaada
• Local History Research Center
• Government web site about the island