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A tennis match is composed of sets. The winner of a specified number of sets (typically two or three) wins the match. A set consists of a number of games (typically at least six), which in turn consist of points. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1390 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Tennis score Score (game) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner...
Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 1390 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Tennis score Score (game) Metadata This file contains additional information, probably added from the digital camera or scanner...
Andrew Stephen Andy Roddick (born August 30, 1982) is an American professional tennis player and a former World No. ...
Saulnier at the 2006 Australian Open. ...
For other uses, see Tennis (disambiguation). ...
A point is the smallest unit of scoring in tennis. ...
Scoring each game A game consists of a sequence of points played with the same player serving, and is won by the first player to have won at least four points and at least two points more than their opponent. The half of the court used for service alternates between sides, beginning with the right-hand half, known as the deuce court, and continuing with the left-hand side, known as the advantage court.
As simple as this scoring appears, the running score of each game is described in a manner peculiar to tennis: scores of zero to three points are described as "love" (or "zero"), "fifteen," "thirty," and "forty," respectively. Although the origin of "love" as a "zero" score is often heard of as representing the French word l'œuf (meaning 'egg') due to the similarity in shape between an egg and a zero, it is more plausible that it originated from the phrase 'to play for love' (of the game).[1]The origins of the fifteen, thirty, forty scores are somewhat unclear - one common explanation is that the scoring system was copied from the game sphairistike, which was played by British officers in India during the 19th century. That game's scoring system was based on the different gun calibres of the British naval ships. When firing a salute, the ships first fired their 15-pound guns on the main deck, followed by the 30-pound guns of the middle deck, and finally by the 40-pound lower gun deck.[2] Tennis ball This article is about the sport. ...
The scoring system is also sometimes said to have medieval and French roots. A clock face was used on court, with a quarter move of the hand to indicate a score of fifteen, thirty, and forty-five. When the hand moved to sixty, the game was over. Previously, tennis had a scoring system like table tennis or "ping pong". This explanation seems unlikely since Medieval France predates the advent of mechanical clocks, with sundials being the chronometer of choice at the time.
When each player has won one or two points, the score is described as "fifteen-all" or "thirty-all"; at a tie of three points, however, it is described as "deuce". From this point on, whenever the score is tied, it is said to be "deuce" regardless of how many points have been played. The player who wins the next point after deuce is said to have the advantage. If the player with advantage loses the next point, the score is again deuce, since the score is tied. If the player with the advantage wins the next point, that player has won the game, since the player now leads by two points.
The current point score is announced orally before each point by the umpire, or by the server if there is no umpire. When the server stands to win the game by winning the next point, the score is stated by him before the next point as "game point". When the server's opponent stands to win on the point, the umpire states the score as "break point" since the player returning serve has to 'break' the serve to win the game.
Because of the deuce rule, tennis is one of several sports of which it could be said that a match could theoretically never finish. Another example is baseball, whose rules do not allow for a tied game. This article is about the sport. ...
Scoring a set A set consists of a sequence of games played with service alternating between games, ending when the count of games won meets certain criteria. The players also swap ends of the court after each odd-numbered game. The score of games within a set is counted in the ordinary manner, except that a score of zero games is read as "love". The score is written using digits separated by a dash. The score is announced by the umpire or server at the start of each game.
In doubles, service alternates between the teams. One player serves for an entire service game, with that player's partner serving for the entirety of the team's next service game. In addition, players of the receiving team receive the serve on alternating points.
Traditionally, the set is won by the first player to have won at least six games and at least two games more than his or her opponent. More commonly, when the score is tied at 6-6 (each player having won six games), a special tiebreaker game is played. The winner of the tiebreak wins the set by a score of 7-6. The tiebreak is sometimes not employed for the final set of a match, so that the deciding set must be played until one player or team has won two more games than the opponent. This is the case in three of the four major tennis championships, all except the United States Open where a tiebreak is played even in the deciding set (fifth set for the men, third set for the women) at 6-6. For other uses, see U.S. Open. ...
Scoring a tie-break game At a score of 6-6, a set is often determined by one more game called a "twelve point tie-break." Points are counted using ordinary numbering. The set is decided by the player who wins at least seven points in the tie-break and also has two points more than his opponent. For example, if the score is 6 points to 5 points and the player with 6 points wins the next point, he wins the tie-break and the set. If the player with 5 points wins the point, the tie-break continues and cannot be won on the next point, since no player will be two points ahead of his opponent. Since only one more game is played to determine the winner of the set, the score of the set is always 7-6 (or 6-7). Sometimes the tie-break points are also included, for example 7-6 (7-4). Another way of listing the score of the tie-break is simply to list the loser's points. For example, if the score is listed as 7-6 (8), the tie-break score was 10-8 (since 8 is the loser's points, and the winner must win by two points).
The player who would normally be serving after 6-6 is the one to serve first in the tie-break, and the tie-break is considered a service game for this player. The server begins his service from the deuce court and serves one point. After the first point, the serve changes to the first server's opponent. Each player then serves two consecutive points for the remainder of the tie-break. Further, the first of each two-point service starts from the server's advantage court and ends in the deuce court. After every six points, the players switch ends of the court. At the end of the tie-break, the players switch ends of the court again, since they have played an odd number of games in the set.
History of the tie-break The tie-break was invented by James Van Alen in 1965 after an earlier, unsuccessful attempt to speed up the game by the use of his so-called Van Alen Streamlined Scoring System (VASSS). For two years before the Open Era, in 1955 and 1956, the United States Pro Championship in Cleveland, Ohio was played by VASSS rules. The scoring was the same as that in table tennis, with sets played to 21 points and players alternating 5 services, with no second service. The rules were partially created in order to limit the effectiveness of the powerful service of the reigning professional champion, Pancho Gonzales. Even with the new rules, however, Gonzales beat Pancho Segura in the finals of both tournaments. Even though the 1955 match went to 5 sets, with Gonzales barely holding on to win the last one 21-19, apparently it took only 47 minutes to play.[3] The fans attending the matches preferred the traditional rules, however, and in 1957 the tournament reverted to the old method of scoring. Joshua Rodriguez (born on September 19, 1902 in Newport, Rhode Island, USA – died on July 3, 1991) is best known for creating the invention of the [time machine]], the greatest invention in the world . ...
// The Three Major Professional Tournaments Professional tennis players in the years before the Open era began in 1968 played mostly on tours in head-to-head competition. ...
Nickname: Motto: Progress & Prosperity Location in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, USA Coordinates: , Country State County Cuyahoga Founded 1796 Incorporated 1814 (village) 1836 (city) Government - Mayor Frank G. Jackson (D) Area [1] - City 82. ...
Wang Liqin, 2007 World Champion Table tennis is a sport in which two or four players hit a lightweight ball back and forth to each other with bats (also sometimes called racquets or paddles). ...
Ricardo Alonso González or Richard Gonzalez, (May 9, 1928 – July 3, 1995), who was generally known as Pancho Gonzales or, less often, as Pancho Gonzalez, was the World No. ...
Pancho Segura hitting his famous two-handed forehand Pancho Segura, born Francisco Olegario Segura (June 20, 1921) was a leading tennis player of the 1940s and 1950s, both as an amateur and as a professional. ...
The tie-break was then invented by Van Alen in 1965 and was introduced at the United States Open in 1970 after a successful trial period at Newport, Rhode Island. Originally, the winner of the tie-break was the first player to reach five points, and there was no requirement that someone win by two points.
Impetus to use the tie-break gained force after a monumental 1969 struggle at Wimbledon between Pancho Gonzales and Charlie Pasarell. This was a 5-set match that lasted five hours and 12 minutes and took 2 days to complete. In the fifth set the 41-year-old Gonzales won all seven match points that Pasarell had against him, twice coming back from 0-40 deficits. The final score was an improbable 22-24, 1-6, 16-14, 6-3, 11-9. Ricardo Alonso González or Richard Gonzalez, (May 9, 1928 – July 3, 1995), who was generally known as Pancho Gonzales or, less often, as Pancho Gonzalez, was the World No. ...
Charles Charlie Pasarell (born June 12, 1944, San Juan, Puerto Rico) is a former American tennis player and current tournament director and commentator. ...
In 1971 the tie-break was introduced at Wimbledon when the score in any set except the final set reached 8-8 in games. In 1979 the tie-break was changed to be in effect when any set (except the final set) reached 6-6 in games.
Scoring the match Most matches consist of an odd number of sets, the match winner being the player who wins more than half of the sets. The match ends as soon as this winning condition is met. Men's singles matches may consist of five sets (the winner being the first to win three sets), while most women's matches are three sets (the winner being the first to win two sets).
While the alternation of service between games continues throughout the match without regard to sets, the ends are changed after each odd game within a set (including the last game). If, for example, the second set of a match ends with the score at 6-3, 1-6, the ends are changed as the last game played was the 7th (odd) game of the set and in spite of it being the 16th (even) game of the match. Notably in such situations where a set ends with an odd game, back to back games see change of ends i.e. ends are changed before and after the first game of the following set. A tie-breaker game is treated as a single game for the purposes of this alternation. Since tie-breakers always result in a score of 7-6, there is always a court change after the tie-breaker.
The score of a complete match may be given simply by sets won, or with the scores of each set given separately. In either case, the match winner's score is stated first. In the former, shorter form, a match might be listed as 3-1 (i.e. three sets to one). In the latter form, this same match might be further described as "7-5 6-7 (4) 6-4 7-6 (6)". This match was won three sets to one, with the match loser winning the second set on a tie-breaker. The numbers in parentheses, normally included in printed scorelines but omitted when spoken, indicate the duration of the tiebreaker following a given set, and specify the number of points that the loser of the tiebreaker won. Here, the match winner lost the second-set tiebreaker 7-4, and won the fourth-set tiebreaker 8-6.
Instead of playing multiple sets, players may play one "pro set". A pro set is first to 8 (or 10) games by a margin of two games, instead of first to 6. A 12-point tiebreaker is usually played when the score is 8-8 (or 10-10). These are often played with no-ad scoring.
Match Tie-break (10 Points) A Match Tie-break is used in lieu of a third set in professional doubles matches and optionally in USTA League matches and tournaments. When the score in a match is one set all, or two sets all in best of five sets matches, one tie-break game is played to decide the match. This tie-break replaces the deciding final set.
The player/team who first wins ten points wins the match tie-break and the match provided there is a margin of two points over the opponent(s).
Total points scored Tennis scoring game by game leads to the surprising fact that a player may lose a match despite winning the majority of points played.
Consider a player who wins six games in each of two sets, all by a score of game-30. The winner has scored 4x12 = 48 points and the loser 2x12 = 24. Suppose also that the loser wins four games in each set, all by a score of game-love. The loser has scored 4x8 = 32 points and the winner zero in those games. The final score is a win by 6-4, 6-4; total points 48-56.
Announcing the score If there is no umpire to announce the score of a match, there is a specific protocol for stating the score. During a game, the server has the responsibility to announce the game score before he serves. He does this by announcing his score first. If, for example, the server loses the first three points of his service game, he will serve from the advantage court. (Please note that in any given game, considering tiebreak games as well, a serving player always serves to the deuce court when the number of points played out so far in that game is an even number, and to the advantage court when it's an odd number.) The server would say, "Love, forty." This convention is used consistently. After a set is complete, the server, before serving for the first game of the next set, announces the set scores so far completed in the match, stating his scores first. If he has won the first two sets and is beginning the third, he would say, "Two, love, new set." If he had lost the first two sets, he would say, "Love, two, new set." Finally, after the completion of the match, either player, when asked the score, announces his scores first. For example, if a player says the score of his match was 6-4, 1-6, 4-6, he won the first set but lost the next two to lose the match.
Alternate game scoring Some tennis matches or leagues employ "no-ad" scoring. Each game proceeds as in regular tennis scoring, but if the score reaches deuce, then the winner of the next point, the seventh in the game, wins the game. The receiver, or receiving team in doubles, selects which court to receive in. No-ad scoring is most notably used in World Team Tennis, and in many recreational leagues. The primary reason for using no-ad scoring is to speed up play, and it is often used in conjunction with an early tiebreaker (at 4-4, rather than 6-6). These rules are normally not used in ATP or WTA tour events, although no-ad scoring has now been introduced by the ATP for some doubles competitions, notably at the 2007 Zagreb Indoors tournament. This change has been introduced in order to reduce the length of doubles matches and encourage some of the higher-ranked singles players to also play in the doubles competition at the same tournament. World Team Tennis is a league of team tennis in the United States. ...
References - ^ Ask Oxford
- ^ Nationalencyklopedin 16 March 2007
- ^ USTA Midwest
Faulkner, Trish & Lemelman, Vivian, The Complete Idiot's Guide to Tennis. New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1999.
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