Terceira
Terceira Island seen from the Space Shuttle
Elevation	1,023 m (3,356 ft)
Location	Azores, North Atlantic Ocean
Range	Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Prominence	1,023 m (3,356 ft)
Coordinates	38°44′N, 27°19′W
Type	four stratovolcanoes
Age of rock	over 300,000 years
Last eruption	2000
Easiest route	hike

Terceira Island (pron. IPA: [tɨɾ'sɐiɾɐ], Portuguese: Ilha Terceira) is an island in the Azores, in the middle of the North Atlantic Ocean, with an area of 396.75 km². The island's length is 29 km and the width is 18km; the perimeter is 90 km. Population is 54,996, down from a peak of 59,000. Population density is 140.73/km². Image File history File links Picture of Terceira from space. ... A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ... The metre (or meter, see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Motto Antes morrer livres que em paz sujeitos Rather die free than in peace subjugated Anthem A Portuguesa (national) Hino dos Açores (local) Capital Ponta Delgada1 Angra do Heroísmo2 Horta3 Largest city Ponta Delgada Official languages Portuguese Government Autonomous region  -  President Carlos César Establishment  -  Settled 1439   -  Autonomy... The Himalaya as seen from the International Space Station A mountain range is a group of mountains bordered by lowlands or separated from other mountain ranges by passes or rivers. ... Courtesy USGS The ridge was central in the breakup of Pangaea that began some 180 million years ago. ... In topography, prominence, also known as autonomous height, relative height or shoulder drop (in America) or prime factor (in Europe), is a concept used in the categorization of hills and mountains, also known as peaks. ... The metre (or meter, see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... Mountains can be characterized in several ways. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... // For other uses, see time scale. ... For other uses, see Volcano (disambiguation). ... Southern and northern Mount Everest climbing routes as seen from the International Space Station. ... Two hikers in the Mount Hood National Forest Eagle Creek hiking Hiking is a form of walking, undertaken with the specific purpose of exploring and enjoying the scenery. ... Look up pronunciation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Not to be confused with the NATO phonetic alphabet, which has also informally been called the “International Phonetic Alphabet”. For information on how to read IPA transcriptions of English words, see IPA chart for English. ... Motto Antes morrer livres que em paz sujeitos Rather die free than in peace subjugated Anthem A Portuguesa (national) Hino dos Açores (local) Capital Ponta Delgada1 Angra do Heroísmo2 Horta3 Largest city Ponta Delgada Official languages Portuguese Government Autonomous region  -  President Carlos César Establishment  -  Settled 1439   -  Autonomy... For other uses, see Atlantic (disambiguation) The Atlantic Ocean is Earths second-largest ocean, covering approximately one-fifth of its surface. ...

Geography and geology

Terceira Island consists of four overlapping stratovolcanoes built above a fissure zone, which rise from a depth of over 1,500 m (5,000 ft) on the floor of the Atlantic Ocean. The oldest at over 300,000 years is the Cinquo Picos stratovolcano that forms the eastern part of the island, with a 7 km (4 mi) diameter caldera which is one of the largest in the Azores. Next in age at perhaps 100,000 years is the Guilherme Moniz stratovolcano in the south-central part of the island, which also has a caldera with the highest remaining point on the rim reaching 623 m (2,044 ft). Just to its north is the Pico Alto stratovolcano, probably less than 60,000 years old. It once had a caldera too, but subsequent eruptions filled it with several smaller lava domes and cones which top out at 808 m (2,651 ft). Stratovolcano Mount St. ... The metre (or meter, see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... Satellite image of Santorini. ... The metre (or meter, see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... One of the Mono Craters, an example of a rhyolite dome. ... The metre (or meter, see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...

The youngest and only historically active volcano is Santa Bárbara, which comprises the western end of the island and is its highest point at 1,023 m (3,356 ft). This stratovolcano is truncated by two calderas, the youngest of which formed about 15,000 years ago. Historical eruptions occurred in 1761 along a fissure on the east side of the volcano, and in 1867 and 1998–2000 from submarine vents off the west coast. The western part of Terceira Island is more heavily forested than the eastern part, due to the prevailing westerly winds bringing increased precipitation to that side. The metre (or meter, see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The westerlies are the prevailing winds in the middle latitudes between 30 and 60 degrees latitude, blowing from the high pressure area in the horse latitudes towards the poles. ...

Most of the island is ringed by coastal cliffs about 20 m (60 ft) high, except on the south coast near Angra do Heroísmo. Here, an eruption of basaltic lava in shallow water formed the tuff cone of Monte Brasil, which protects and shelters the harbor of the island's capital. The cone is about 1 km (0.6 mi) in diameter and rises 205 m (673 ft) above the western side of the harbor. Basalt Basalt (IPA: ) is a common gray to black volcanic rock. ... Puu Oo, a cinder-and-spatter cone on Kilauea, Hawaii Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcano formations. ... The metre (or meter, see spelling differences) is a measure of length. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ...

Communities and economy

Terceira Island is divided into the municipalities of Angra do Heroísmo and Praia da Vitória. Angra do Heroísmo, the historical capital of the Azores, is the oldest city in the Azores, dating back to 1534. Its historical centre was classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site.

The main economic activity in Terceira Island is live-stock raising and dairy-based products. The island has two ports in Angra do Heroísmo and Praia da Vitória, and a Portuguese military base named Lajes. Praia da Vitória is a town in Portugals Autonomous Region of the Azores, (Região Autónoma dos Açores) on the eastern fringe of the island of [[Terceira]. It is the second largest town on the island, after Angra do Heroísmo. ... This article needs to be wikified. ...

History

The former name of Terceira Island was Brazil, not to be confused with the country of the same name nor the phantom island of Brazil. That name first appeared as I. de Brazi in the Venetian map of Andrea Bianco (1436), attached to one of the larger islands of the Azores. When the islands became better known and were colonized, the island of Brazil was renamed Terceira (meaning 'third' in Portuguese, as in 'the third island'). Phantom islands are islands that are believed to exist and appear on maps for a period of time (sometimes centuries), and then are removed after they are proven not to exist (or the general population stops believing that they exist). ... The Bianco map (1436). ... Events April - Paris is recaptured by the French End of the Hussite Wars in Bohemia. ... Motto Antes morrer livres que em paz sujeitos Rather die free than in peace subjugated Anthem A Portuguesa (national) Hino dos Açores (local) Capital Ponta Delgada1 Angra do Heroísmo2 Horta3 Largest city Ponta Delgada Official languages Portuguese Government Autonomous region  -  President Carlos César Establishment  -  Settled 1439   -  Autonomy... It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ...

An annual event held daily from May 1 to September 30 is the tourada à corda (bullfight with ropes). It consists of letting a bull, tied to a rope, loose in the streets with some controlling the rope and some challenging the bull. Touradas may be held up to three times a day. May 1 is the 121st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (122nd in leap years). ... September 30 is the 273rd day of the year (274th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Francisco Ferreira Drummond (January 21, 1796 - September 11, 1858), Portuguese historiographer, paleographer and musician, was born on Terceira Island. Francisco Ferreira Drummond (born January 21, 1796 in Vila de São Sebastião, died November 9, 1858 on Terceira Island in the Azores) was a historiographer, paleographer, musician and politician from the area of Vila de São Sebastião in the island of Terceira. ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1796 (MDCCXCVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Monday of the 11-day slower Julian calendar). ... September 11 is the 254th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (255th in leap years). ... 1858 (MDCCCLVIII) is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

On August 24, 2001, Terceira Island made the news as Air Transat Flight 236 managed to land on Lajes Air Base after running out of fuel in mid-air. August 24 is the 236th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (237th in leap years), with 129 days remaining. ... 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Air Transat Flight 236 was an Air Transat route between Toronto and Lisbon flown by Captain Robert Piché and First Officer Dirk Dejager. ...

On March 16, 2003, US President George W. Bush, UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, Spanish Prime Minister José María Aznar and Portuguese Prime Minister José Manuel Barroso met on Terceira to discuss the Invasion of Iraq, which began four days later, on March 20. March 16 is the 75th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (76th in leap years). ... 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The presidential seal was first used in 1880 by President Rutherford B. Hayes and last modified in 1959 by adding the 50th star for Hawaii The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. ... George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is the 43rd and current President of the United States, inaugurated on January 20, 2001. ... In the United Kingdom, the Prime Minister is the head of government, exercising many of the executive functions nominally vested in the Sovereign, who is head of state. ... For other people of the same name, see Tony Blair (disambiguation) Anthony Charles Lynton Blair (born May 6, 1953)[1] is the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service, Leader of the Labour Party, and Member of Parliament for the constituency... ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Prime Ministers of the Constitutional Monarchy (1834-1910) First Republic Military Dictatorship Estado Novo Third Republic See also: List of Presidents of Portugal, Politics of Portugal, Lists of incumbents This article contains content from HierarchyPedia article Prime Minister of Portugal, used here under the GNU Free Documentation License. ... José Manuel Duroso Barrão, GCC (pronounced: IPA,  ) (born in Lisbon, March 23, 1956) is a Portuguese politician and the 11th President of the European Commission. ... For other uses of the term, see Iraq war (disambiguation) The 2003 invasion of Iraq (also called the 2nd or 3rd Persian Gulf War) began on March 20, 2003, when forces belonging primarily to the United States and the United Kingdom invaded Iraq without the explicit backing of the United... March 20 is the 79th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (80th in leap years). ...

Panoramic view near Sao Mateus, Terceira, June 2004

Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 131 pixelsFull resolution (2000 × 327 pixel, file size: 175 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Azores Terceira Island São Mateus... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 800 × 131 pixelsFull resolution (2000 × 327 pixel, file size: 175 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Azores Terceira Island São Mateus...

References

• Scarth, Alwyn; Tanguy, Jean-Claude (2001). Volcanoes of Europe. Oxford University Press, 243 pp. ISBN 0-19-521754-3. 
• Global Volcanism Program: Terceira

Oxford University Press (OUP) is a highly-respected publishing house and a department of the University of Oxford in England. ...

External links

• In English:
  • Azores.com, a commercial site but with abundant information on Terceira Island
• Azorean History regarding the American Military