Sculpture of Hanuman in terra cotta. The reddish color is here imparted by iron oxide contained in the source clay, and terra cotta is the name of this color. Clays with low iron content will usually fire to gray or yellow.

Glazed building decoration at the Forbidden City, Beijing, China

The Etruscan sarcophagus of the spouses, at the National Etruscan Museum

The Bell Edison Telephone Building, Birmingham, England

The Natural History Museum in London has an ornate terracotta facade typical of high Victorian architecture. The carvings represent the contents of the Museum.

Terra cotta (Italian: "baked earth") is a waterproof ceramic. Its uses include vessels, water & waste water pipes and surface embellishment in building construction. The term is also used to refer to items made out of this material and to its natural, brownish orange color. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1188x1485, 277 KB) Summary Sculpture of Hanuman in Terra cotta. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (1188x1485, 277 KB) Summary Sculpture of Hanuman in Terra cotta. ... Hanuman tearing his chest open to reveal that Rama and Sita are literally in his heart Hanuman (Sanskrit: ; nominative singular ), known also as Anjaneya, is one of the most important personalities in the epic, the Ramayana. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 155 KB)Ceramic building decoration at the Forbidden City, Beijing, China. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x768, 155 KB)Ceramic building decoration at the Forbidden City, Beijing, China. ... This article is about the Chinese imperial palace in Beijing. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (925x558, 201 KB) Modification of the following picture: Image:Etruskisches Paar. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (925x558, 201 KB) Modification of the following picture: Image:Etruskisches Paar. ... Sarcophagus of the spouses, at the Villa Giulia Sarcophagus of the Spouses, late 6th century BC terracotta Etruscan anthropoid sarcophagus, 1. ... This page is on the museum itself, for the architectural history of the house see Villa Giulia. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 1478 KB) The 1896 Victorian terracotta Bell Edison Telephone Building - 17 & 19 Newhall Street, Birmingham, England. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (2592x1944, 1478 KB) The 1896 Victorian terracotta Bell Edison Telephone Building - 17 & 19 Newhall Street, Birmingham, England. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (3752x2391, 2729 KB) Summary The Natural History Museum. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high resolution version (3752x2391, 2729 KB) Summary The Natural History Museum. ... For other similarly-named museums see Museum of Natural History. ... Manchester Town Hall is an example of Victorian architecture found in Manchester, UK. The Carson Mansion is an example of a Victorian home in Eureka, California, USA The term Victorian architecture can refer to one of a number of architectural styles predominantly in the Victorian era. ... Fixed Partial Denture, or Bridge The word ceramic is derived from the Greek word κεραμικός (keramikos). ... Construction on the North Bytown Bridge in Ottawa, Canada. ...

History

Terra cotta has been used throughout history for sculpture and pottery, as well as bricks and roof shingles. In ancient times, the first clay sculptures were dried (baked) in the sun after being formed. Later, they were placed in the ashes of open hearths to harden, and finally kilns were used, similar to those used for pottery today. However only after firing to high temperature would it be classed as a ceramic material A sculpture is a three-dimensional object, which for the purposes of this article is man-made and selected for special recognition as art. ... Unfired green ware pottery on a traditional drying rack at Conner Prairie living history museum. ... An old brick wall in English bond laid with alternating courses of headers and Brick is an artificial stone made by forming clay into rectangular blocks which are hardened, either by burning in a kiln or sometimes, in warm countries, by sun-drying. ... The largest (6000 m²) wooden shingle roof in Europe: Zakopane, Poland Roof shingles are a roof covering consisting of individual overlapping elements. ... Charcoal Kilns, California Gold Kiln, Victoria, Australia Hop kiln. ...

Users

Significant uses of terra cotta have included Emperor Qin Shi Huang's terra cotta Army of China, built in 210–209 BC. Mass producers of mold-cast and fired terra cotta figurines were also the ancient Greeks of Tanagra. French sculptor Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse made many terra cotta pieces, but possibly the most famous is The Abduction of Hippodameia depicting the Greek mythological scene of a centaur kidnapping Hippodameia on her wedding day. American architect Louis Sullivan is well-known for his elaborate glazed terra cotta ornamentation, designs that would have been impossible to execute in any other medium. Terra cotta and tile were used extensively in the town buildings of Victorian Birmingham, England. Qin Shi Huang (Chinese: ; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chin Shih-huang) (November / December 260 BC – September 10, 210 BC), personal name Zheng, was king of the Chinese State of Qin from 247 BC to 221 BC (officially still the Zhou Dynasty), and then the first emperor of a unified China... The Terracotta Army (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ; literally soldier and horse funerary statues) or Terracotta Warriors and Horses is a collection of 8,099 life-size terra cotta figures of warriors and horses located near the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor (Chinese: ; pinyin: ). The figures were discovered in... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 260s BC 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC - 210s BC - 200s BC 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC Years: 215 BC 214 BC 213 BC 212 BC 211 BC - 210 BC - 209 BC 208 BC... Centuries: 4th century BC - 3rd century BC - 2nd century BC Decades: 250s BC 240s BC 230s BC 220s BC 210s BC - 200s BC - 190s BC 180s BC 170s BC 160s BC 150s BC Years: 214 BC 213 BC 212 BC 211 BC 210 BC - 209 BC - 208 BC 207 BC... Tanagra (Greek: Τανάγρα) is a community north of Athens in Boeotia, not far from Thebes, that was noted in antiquity for its mass-produced mold-cast and fired terracotta figurines. ... bust of Carrier-Belleuse by Auguste Rodin Albert-Ernest Carrier-Belleuse (1824-1887) was a French sculptor from Audresselles. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Louis Sullivan Louis Henry (Henri) Sullivan (September 3, 1856–April 14, 1924) was an American architect, called the father of modernism. He is considered by many as the creator of the modern skyscraper, was an influential architect and critic of the Chicago School, and was a mentor to Frank Lloyd... Glazed architectural terra-cotta is a masonry building material popular in the United States from the late 19th century until the 1930s and still one of the most common building materials found in U.S. urban enviroments. ... This article is about the city in England. ...

Precolonial West African sculpture also made extensive use of terra cotta^[1]. The regions most recognized for producing terra cotta art in this part of the world include the Nok culture of central and north-central Nigeria, the Ife/Benin cultural axis in western and southern Nigeria (also noted for its exceptionally naturalistic sculpture), and the Igbo culture area of eastern Nigeria, which excelled in terra cotta pottery. These related, but separate, traditions also gave birth to elaborate schools of bronze and brass sculpture in the area. This does not cite its references or sources. ... Ifè (or Ilé-Ifẹ̀, as it is properly known) is an ancient Yoruba city in south-western Nigeria. ... The Ibo are a group of people living in what is now Nigeria. ...

Advantages in sculpture

As compared to bronze sculpture, terra cotta uses a far simpler process for creating the finished work. Reusable mold-making techniques may be used for series production. Compared to marble sculpture and other stonework the finished product is far lighter and may be further glazed to produce objects with color or durable simulations of metal patina. Robust durable works for outdoor use require greater thickness and so will be heavier, with more care needed in the drying of the unfinished piece to prevent cracking as the material shrinks. Structural considerations are similar to those required for stone sculpture. Bronze is the most popular metal for cast metal sculptures; a cast-metal sculpture of bronze is often called a bronze. ... Marble sculpture is the art of creating three-dimensional forms from marble. ...

See also

• List of colors
• Architectural terra cotta
• Glazed architectural terra cotta

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Natural History Museum has an ornate terracotta facade typical of high Victorian architecture. ... Glazed architectural terra-cotta is a masonry building material popular in the United States from the late 19th century until the 1930s and still one of the most common building materials found in U.S. urban enviroments. ...

External links

• Article on terracotta in Victorian and Edwardian Terracotta Buildings
• Bibliography, Smithsonian Institute, Ceramic Tiles and Architectural Terra Cotta
• Tile Heritage Foundation (US)
• Friends of Terra Cotta, non-profit foundation to promote education and preservation of architectural Terra Cotta
• Tiles and Architectural Ceramics Society (UK)

The Smithsonian castle, as seen through the garden gate. ...

Web colors are colors used in designing web pages, and the methods for describing and specifying those colors. ... The RGB color model mapped to a cube (with cut-away shown) A representation of additive color mixing The RGB color model is an additive model in which red, green, and blue (often used in additive light models) are combined in various ways to reproduce other colors. ... Red may be any of a number of similar colours at the lowest frequencies of light discernible by the human eye. ... Mossy, green fountain in Wattens, Austria. ... The term blue may refer any of a number of similar colours. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... An image with the hues cyclically shifted The hues in the image of this Painted Bunting are cyclically rotated with time. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Chromaticity. ... Brightness is an attribute of visual perception in which a source appears to emit a given amount of light. ... Web colors are colors used in designing web pages, and the methods for describing and specifying those colors. ... The RGB color model mapped to a cube (with cut-away shown) A representation of additive color mixing The RGB color model is an additive model in which red, green, and blue (often used in additive light models) are combined in various ways to reproduce other colors. ... Red may be any of a number of similar colours at the lowest frequencies of light discernible by the human eye. ... Mossy, green fountain in Wattens, Austria. ... The term blue may refer any of a number of similar colours. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... An image with the hues cyclically shifted The hues in the image of this Painted Bunting are cyclically rotated with time. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Chromaticity. ... Brightness is an attribute of visual perception in which a source appears to emit a given amount of light. ...

See also

• List of colors

This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Molecular structure of alizarin Alizarin, or 1,2-dihydroxyanthraquinone or mordant red, is the red dye originally derived from the root of the madder plant. ... Burgundy is a shade of dark red associated with the Burgundy wine of the same name, which in turn is named after the Burgundy region of France. ... Cardinal is a vivid red, which gets its name from the cassocks worn by Catholic cardinals. ... Carmine is the general term for a particularly deep red color. ... Cerise (pronounced IPA: in English and IPA: in French) is a deep to vivid purplish red. ... Indian red also known as chestnut, is a brownish shade of red. ... Crimson is a strong, bright deep red color combined with some blue, resulting in a tiny degree of purple. ... Traditional Swedish houses in the countryside, painted with Falu red paint. ... Fuchsia is a color named after the flower of the fuchsia plant. ... Magenta is a color made up of equal parts of red and blue light. ... Maroon is a color mixture composed of brown and purple. ... Mauve (French form of Malva, mallow) is a pale grayed lavender-lilac color, one of many in the range of purples. ... Red may be any of a number of similar colours at the lowest frequencies of light discernible by the human eye. ... Red-violet is a color made by mixing the hues red and violet, so it might be seen as either a darker red or a lighter violet. ... Rust is a color resembling rust. ... Puce (noun, ) is generally considered to be dark rose to brownish-purple. ... Sangria is a color that resembles Sangría wine. ... Scarlet (from the Persian saqirlat or latin astacus= crayfish) is a color with a hue between red and orange. ... Vermilion, also spelled vermillion, when found naturally-occurring, is an opaque reddish orange pigment, used since antiquity, originally derived from the powdered mineral cinnabar. ... Amaranth is a color that is a representation of the color of the flower of the amaranth plant. ... Rose is the colour that is defined in colour theory as being the colour halfway between red and magenta (the web color fuchsia) on the color wheel. ... Fuchsia is a color named after the flower of the fuchsia plant. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Categories: Stub | Colors ... Pomegranate is a color that closely resembles the tint of a ripe pomegranate fruit. ... Persian red is a purplish red earth or pigment from the Persian Gulf composed of a silicate of iron and alumina, with magnesia. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Red re-directs here; for alternate uses see Red (disambiguation) Red is a color at the lowest frequencies of light discernible by the human eye. ...

Footnotes

1. ^ H. Meyerowitz; V. Meyerowitz (1939). "Bronzes and Terra-Cottas from Ile-Ife". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs 75 (439), 150-152; 154-155.