NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Territory of Hawaii

The Territory of Hawaiʻi, abbreviated officially as T.H., was established on July 7, 1898 and dissolved on August 21, 1959 when Hawaiʻi became a state. The U.S. Congress passed the Newlands Resolution which annexed the former Kingdom of Hawaiʻi and later Republic of Hawaiʻi to the United States. Hawaiʻi's territorial history includes a period from 1941 to 1944 when the islands were placed under martial law. Civilian government was dissolved and a military governor was appointed. Currently, all United States territories are either unincorporated (meaning that they are not fully part of the United States, with all aspects of the United States Constitution applying automatically) or unorganized (meaning that they do not have a form of government specified by an Organic Act passed by the United... Iolani Palace in Honolulu, formerly the residence of the Hawaiian monarch, was the capitol of the Republic of Hawaii. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area Ranked 43rd - Total 10,931 sq mi (29,311 kmÂ²) - Width n/a miles (n/a km) - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km) - % water 41. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Hawaii state seal Source http://usa. ... Ka Hae Hawaii, or the Flag of Hawaii Ka Hae Hawaii, or the Flag of Hawaii, is the official standard symbolizing Hawaii as a kingdom (under a short British annexation), protectorate, republic, territory and state. ... The current design of the Seal of Hawaii was commissioned by the Republic of Hawaii, derived from several features of the heraldry of the Kingdom of Hawaii. ... Image File history File links Hawaii_Islands2. ... This is a list of national capitals of the world in alphabetical order. ... Honolulu as seen from the International Space Station Honolulu is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Hawai‘i. ... This is a list of governors of Hawaii. ... Former advisor to Queen Liliuokalani and justice of the Hawaii judiciary, Sanford B. Dole assumed the role of President of the Republic of Hawaii. ... Former Governor William F. Quinn. ... For other uses, see Governor (disambiguation). ... // Main article: Provisional Government of Hawaii Although the coup dÃ©tat that overthrew Queen Liliuokalani was supported primarily by local European and American business interests, most of the leaders of the movement were Kingdom subjects and included legislators, government officers, and even a Supreme Court Justice of the Hawaiian... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 17th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... An incorporated territory of the United States is a specific area under the jurisdiction of the United States, over which the United States Congress has determined that the United States Constitution is to be applied to the territorys local government and inhabitants in its entirety (e. ... Motto: (Out Of Many, One) (traditional) In God We Trust (1956 to date) Anthem: The Star-Spangled Banner Capital Washington D.C. Largest city New York City None at federal level (English de facto) Government Federal constitutional republic - President George Walker Bush (R) - Vice President Dick Cheney (R) Independence from... is the 185th day of the year (186th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... In the history of the United States, an organized territory is a territory for which the United States Congress has enacted an Organic Act. ... Äž: For the film, see: 1900 (film). ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Official language(s) English, Hawaiian Capital Honolulu Largest city Honolulu Area Ranked 43rd - Total 10,931 sq mi (29,311 kmÂ²) - Width n/a miles (n/a km) - Length 1,522 miles (2,450 km) - % water 41. ... is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1959 (MCMLIX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Congress in Joint Session. ... On August 12, 1898, the flag of the Kingdom of Hawaiâ€˜i over â€˜Iolani Palace was lowered to raise the United States flag to signify annexation. ... Motto Ua mau ke ea o ka Äina i ka pono Anthem Hawaii Ponoi Kingdom of Hawaii Capital Lahaina (until 1845) Honolulu (from 1845) Language(s) Hawaiian, English Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch - 1795â€“1819 Kamehameha I - 1891â€“1893 Liliuokalani Provisional Government - 1893-1894 Committee of Safety History - Inception 1795 - Unification... Iolani Palace in Honolulu, formerly the residence of the Hawaiian monarch, was the capitol of the Republic of Hawaii. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

Provisional Government

Upon the overthrow of Queen Liliʻuokalani in 1893, the Committee of Safety led by Lorrin A. Thurston established the Provisional Government of Hawaiʻi to govern the islands in transition to expected annexation by the United States. Thurston actively lobbied Congress while the monarchy, represented in Washington, D.C. by Princess Victoria Kaʻiulani, argued that the overthrow of her aunt's government was illegal. LiliÊ»uokalani, Queen of HawaiÊ»i (September 2, 1838 â€“ November 11, 1917), originally named Lydia KamakaÊ»eha, also known as Lydia KamakaÊ»eha Paki, with the chosen royal name of LiliÊ»uokalani, and later named Lydia K. Dominis, was the last monarch of the Kingdom of HawaiÊ»i. ... Lorrin A. Thurston led the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii through the Committee of Safety in 1893. ... Lorrin A. Thurston led the overthrow of the Hawaiian kingdom in 1893. ... Led by Lorrin A. Thurston and Sanford B. Dole, the Provisional Government ruled over Hawaii until the formal establishment of the republic. ... Ceremonies during the annexation of Hawaii. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... Princess Kaiulani, a member of the Kalakāua Dynasty and descendant of the Kamehameha Dynasty, was in line to become Queen of Hawai‘i when her kingdom was overthrown. ...

First annexation proceedings began when U.S. President Benjamin Harrison stepped down and Grover Cleveland took office. Cleveland was an anti-imperialist and was strongly against annexation. He withdrew the annexation treaty from consideration, mounted an inquiry and recommended the restoration of Liliʻuokalani. Further investigation by Congress led to the Morgan Report, which established that the actions of U.S. troops were completely neutral, and exonerated the U.S. from any accusations of complicity with the overthrow. Benjamin Harrison, VI (August 20, 1833 â€“ March 13, 1901) was a sex offender from Arkansas, serving one term from 1889 to 1893. ... Stephen Grover Cleveland (March 18, 1837 â€“ June 24, 1908), the twenty-second and twenty-fourth President of the United States, was the only President to serve non-consecutive terms (1885â€“1889 and 1893â€“1897). ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ...

The provisional government convened a constitutional convention in Honolulu to establish the Republic of Hawaiʻi. Thurston was urged to become the nation's first president but he was worried his brazen personality would damage the cause of annexation. The more conservative former Supreme Court Justice and friend of Queen Liliʻuokalani, Sanford B. Dole, was elected the first and only president of the new regime. Honolulu as seen from the International Space Station Honolulu is the largest city and the capital of the U.S. state of Hawai‘i. ... Iolani Palace in Honolulu, formerly the residence of the Hawaiian monarch, was the capitol of the Republic of Hawaii. ... Former advisor to Queen Liliuokalani and justice of the Hawaii judiciary, Sanford B. Dole assumed the role of President of the Republic of Hawaii. ...

From the State of Hawaii Archives, unlicensed, released into the public domain for historical educational purposes. ... From the State of Hawaii Archives, unlicensed, released into the public domain for historical educational purposes. ...

Manifest Destiny

When Grover Cleveland's presidency ended in March of 1897, former U.S. Civil War soldier William McKinley took office. McKinley believed in increasing American prominence on the international stage. 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 until 1865 between the northern states, popularly referred to as the U.S., the Union, the North, or the Yankees; and the seceding southern states, commonly referred to as the Confederate States of America, the CSA, the Confederacy... This article is about the 25th President of the United States; for other people named William McKinley, see William McKinley (disambiguation). ...

Under McKinley's policies Americans were sent to fight against Spain in Cuba, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico in 1898. Hawaiʻi's strategic location for warfare in the Philippines made it especially important to American interests. Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

In April of 1917, Queen Liliʻuokalani proudly flew the U.S. flag over her residence at Washington Place. She stated it was in honor of the Hawaiians who lost their lives as American soldiers in World War I, and it has been seen as her final acceptance of the overthrow of her monarchy and the annexation of Hawaii to the United States.^[1] Her newfound patriotism for the United States was inspired by the death of 5 Hawaiian sailors.^[2] Flag ratio: 10:19; nicknames: Stars and Stripes, Old Glory The flag of the United States of America consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red (top and bottom) alternating with white; there is a blue rectangle in the upper hoist-side corner bearing 50 small, white, five-pointed stars... Washington Place is a Greek Revival home in the Capital District in Honolulu, HawaiÊ»i and was formerly the official residence of the Governor of HawaiÊ»i. ...

Newlands Resolution of 1898

On 7 July 1898, McKinley signed the Newlands Resolution (named after Congressman Frances Newlands) which officially annexed Hawaiʻi to the United States. A formal ceremony was held on the steps of ʻIolani Palace where the Hawaiian flag was lowered and the American flag raised. Dole was appointed Hawaiʻi's first territorial governor. is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... On August 12, 1898, the flag of the Kingdom of Hawaiâ€˜i over â€˜Iolani Palace was lowered to raise the United States flag to signify annexation. ... Iolani Palace was the official residence of King David Kalakaua and Queen Julia Kapiolani and then Queen Liliuokalani and Prince Consort John Owen Dominis. ...

The Newlands Resolution said, "Whereas, the Government of the Republic of Hawaiʻi having, in due form, signified its consent, in the manner provided by its constitution, to cede absolutely and without reserve to the United States of America, all rights of sovereignty of whatsoever kind in and over the Hawaiian Islands and their dependencies, and also to cede and transfer to the United States, the absolute fee and ownership of all public, Government, or Crown lands, public buildings or edifices, ports, harbors, military equipment, and all other public property of every kind and description belonging to the Government of the Hawaiian Islands, together with every right and appurtenance thereunto appertaining: Therefore, Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That said cession is accepted, ratified, and confirmed, and that the said Hawaiian Islands and their dependencies be, and they are hereby, annexed as a part of the territory of the United States and are subject to the sovereign dominion thereof, and that all and singular the property and rights hereinbefore mentioned are vested in the United States of America." Sanford Dole inauguration as first governor of Hawaii, Hawaii State Archives historical image This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Sanford Dole inauguration as first governor of Hawaii, Hawaii State Archives historical image This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ...

The Newlands Resolution established a five-member commission to study which laws were needed in Hawaiʻi. The commission included: Territorial Governor Dole (R-HI), U.S. Senators Shelby M. Cullom (R-IL) and John T. Morgan (R-AL), Congressman Robert R. Hitt (R-IL) and former Hawaiʻi Chief Justice and later Territorial Governor Walter F. Frear (R-TH). The commission's final report was submitted to Congress for a debate which lasted over a year. Congress raised objections that establishing an elected territorial government in Hawaiʻi would lead to the admission of state with a non-white majority. Shelby Moore Cullom (1829 - 1914) was a U.S. political figure. ... John Tyler Morgan John Tyler Morgan (June 20, 1824 â€“ June 11, 1907) was a general in the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War and a postbellum six-term U.S. senator from the state of Alabama. ... Robert Roberts Hitt (January 16, 1834 â€“ September 20, 1906) was born in Urbana, Ohio to Reverend Thomas Smith Hitt and Emily John Hitt. ... Walter F. Frear, formally Walter Francis Frear (October 29, 1863 - January 22, 1948), was the third Territorial Governor of Hawaii from 1907 to 1913. ...

Organic Act

Congress finally agreed to grant Hawaiʻi a popularly elected government of its own and McKinley signed a law, An Act to Provide a Government for the Territory of Hawaiʻi, also known as the Hawaiian Organic Act of 1900. Hawaiian Organic Act, of April 30, 1900, was an act to provide a government for the territory of Hawaii. ...

The Organic Act established the Office of the Territorial Governor, an office appointed by the sitting American president and was usually from his own political party. The territorial governor served at the pleasure of the president and could be replaced at any time. â€œPolitical Partiesâ€ redirects here. ...

Territorial governors

The Organic Act created the territorial legislature, charged with proposing legislation and passing laws, and a Supreme Court led by a chief justice, charged with interpreting laws. A bicameral body, the legislature consisted of the House of Representatives and Senate. Members of the legislature were elected by popular vote. Congressional representation was limited to a single non-voting delegate. Former advisor to Queen Liliuokalani and justice of the Hawaii judiciary, Sanford B. Dole assumed the role of President of the Republic of Hawaii. ... George Robert Carter (December 28, 1866 - February 11, 1933) was the second Territorial Governor of Hawaii, serving from 1903 to 1907. ... Walter F. Frear, formally Walter Francis Frear (October 29, 1863 - January 22, 1948), was the third Territorial Governor of Hawaii from 1907 to 1913. ... Lucius E. Pinkham, formally Lucius Eugene Pinkham (September 19, 1850 - November 2, 1922}, was the fourth Territorial Governor of Hawaii from 1913 to 1918. ... Charles J. McCarthy, formally Charles James McCarthy (August 4, 1861 - November 26, 1929), was the fifth Territorial Governor of Hawaii and served from 1918 to 1921. ... Wallace R. Farrington, formally Wallace Rider Farrington (May 3, 1871-October 6, 1933) was editor of the Honolulu Advertiser and Honolulu Star-Bulletin newspapers and Territorial Governor of Hawaii. ... Lawrence M. Judd on the cover of Time, 1929 Lawrence M. Judd, formally Lawrence McCully Judd (born March 20, 1887 in Honolulu, Hawaii, was the grandson of Gerrit P. Judd of the American Board of Missions. ... Joseph B. Poindexter was Territorial Governor of Hawaii from 1934 to 1942. ... Ingram M. Stainback, formally Ingram Macklin Stainback (Born May 12, 1883; Died April 12, 1961), was the ninth Territorial Governor of Hawaii and served from 1942 to 1951. ... Oren E. Long was the tenth territorial governor of Hawaii and the states first United States Senator. ... Samuel Wilder King was Territorial Governor of Hawaii from 1953 to 1957. ... Former Governor William F. Quinn. ... The supreme court functions as a court of last resort whose rulings cannot be challenged, in some countries, provinces and states. ... In government, bicameralism is the practice of having two legislative or parliamentary chambers. ... The Hawaii House of Representatives is the lower house of the Hawaii State Legislature. ... The Hawaii State Senate is the upper chamber of the Hawaii State Legislature which governs from Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. There are twenty-five members from various electoral districts. ...

Congressional delegates

Henry Alexander Baldwin (January 12, 1871 — October 8, 1946) was a Hawaii banker, industrialist and Congressional Delegate to the United States House of Representatives representing the Territory of Hawaii. ... John A. Burns is often called the Father of the State of Hawaii having overseen its modern development and setting precedents honored today. ... Joseph Rider Farrington, Congressional Delegate from the Territory of Hawaii, graced the cover of TIME Magazine on December 22, 1947. ... Elizabeth P. Farrington was publisher of the Honolulu Star-Bulletin and territorial delegate to Congress. ... Victor Stewart Kaleoaloha Houston, popularly known as Victor S. K. Houston (July 22, 1876 — July 31, 1959), was an American politician and soldier and who served in the United States Congress representing the Territory of Hawaii. ... William Paul Jarrett (August 22, 1877 — November 10, 1929) was an American legal officer and politician. ... Prince Jonah Kuhio Kalanianaole is memorialized by streets, beaches, plazas and a federal building named in his honor. ... Samuel Wilder King was Territorial Governor of Hawaii from 1953 to 1957. ... Lincoln Loy McCandless served as Democratic delegate to the United States Congress from Hawaii. ... Robert William Wilcox led unsuccessful rebellions to restore the monarchy. ...

Tourism begins

Hawaiʻi's tourism industry began in 1882 when Matson Navigation Company, founded by Captain William Matson, began sailing vessels between San Francisco and Hawaiʻi carrying goods. His transports encouraged him to purchase passenger steamships that would carry tourists hoping to vacation in Hawaiʻi from the mainland United States. Hawaii State Archives historical image from Matson lines promoting their hotels early 1900s This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Hawaii State Archives historical image from Matson lines promoting their hotels early 1900s This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... Tourist redirects here. ... Year 1882 (MDCCCLXXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Matson Navigation Company is a private ocean transportation company with roots extending into the late 19th century. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...

Matson's fleet included the S.S. Wilhelmina, rivaling the best passenger ships serving traditional Atlantic routes. With the boom in interest of Hawaiian vacations by America's wealthiest families in the late 1920s, Matson added the S.S. Mariposa, S.S. Monterey and S.S. Lurline (one of many Lurlines) to the fleet.

Matson Navigation Company opened two resort hotels in Honolulu near royal grounds. The first (and for a time the only) hotel on Waikīkī was the Moana Hotel which opened in 1901. As the first hotel in Waikīkī, the Moana Hotel was nicknamed the "First Lady of Waikīkī." The hotel gained international attention in 1920 when Edward, Prince of Wales and future King Edward VIII of the United Kingdom, stayed as a guest. Waikīkī is a neighborhood of Honolulu, in the City and County of Honolulu, on the south shore of the Island of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. ... The Moana Hotel opened in 1901. ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1920 (MCMXX) was a leap year starting on Thursday. ... This article is about the title Prince of Wales. ... Edward VIII (Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David; later The Prince Edward, Duke of Windsor; 23 June 1894 â€“ 28 May 1972) was King of Great Britain, Ireland, the British Dominions beyond the Seas, and Emperor of India from the death of his father, George V (1910â€“36), on 20...

In 1927, the Royal Hawaiian Hotel, informally called the "Pink Palace of the Pacific," opened for business. It was the preferred Hawaiʻi residence of U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt during World War II. Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Royal Hawaiian Hotel is also known as the Pink Palace of the Pacific. ... Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

Military bases

With annexation, the United States saw Hawaiʻi as its most strategic military asset. McKinley and his successor U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt expanded the military presence in Hawaiʻi and established several key bases, some still in use today. By 1906, the entire island of Oʻahu was being fortified at the coastlines with the construction of a "Ring of Steel," a series of gun batteries mounted on steel coastal walls. One of the few surviving batteries completed in 1911, Battery Randolph, is today the site of the Hawaiʻi Army Museum. Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. ...

Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar). ... Fort Shafter is in Honolulu, Hawai‘i extending up the interfluve (ridgeline) between Kalihi and Moanalua valleys, as well as onto the coastal plain (as Shafter Flats) at Māpunapuna. ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Schofield Barracks is a United States Army installation (and census-designated place or CDP) located in the City & County of Honolulu and in the Wahiawa District of the island of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. ... Year 1909 (MCMIX) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Fort DeRussy is a United States military reservation in the Waikiki area of Honolulu, Hawaii under the jurisdiction of the United States Army. ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Wheeler Army Airfield (formerly Wheeler Air Force Base) is a U.S. Army base located in the City & County of Honolulu and in the Wahiawa District of the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Industrial boom and the Big Five

As a territory of the United States, sugarcane plantations gained a new infusion of investment. By getting rid of tariffs imposed on sugarcane producers by the United States, planters had more money to spend on equipment, land and labor. Increased capital resulted in increased production. Five kingdom-era corporations benefited from annexation, becoming multi-million dollar conglomerations overnight: Castle & Cooke, Alexander & Baldwin, C. Brewer & Co., Amfac, Theo H. Davies & Co. Together, the five companies ruled the Hawaiian economy as the "Big Five." Castle & Cooke, Inc. ... Alexander & Baldwin, Inc. ... C. Brewer & Co. ... Amfac Hawaii, LLC was a land development company in Hawaii. ... Theo H. Davies & Co. ... Territorial Hawai‘i was ruled by a corporate oligarchy of the Big Five sugar corporations. ...

The Big Five corporations together became a single dominating force in Hawaiʻi. The companies did not compete with each other but rather cooperated to keep the prices on their goods and services high. Their profits skyrocketed even more. Soon, the executives of the Big Five sat on each others' boards of directors. With economic power came political power over Hawaiʻi. They took to illegal methods to maintain a political foothold. They often threatened the labor force to vote in their favor. Plantation managers hung pencils over voting booths. The way the pencil swayed indicated how the laborer voted. Retaliation for voting "the wrong way" was common. Territorial Hawai‘i was ruled by a corporate oligarchy of the Big Five sugar corporations. ...

During the territorial era, Hawaiʻi slowly became an oligarchy governed by the Big Five. They made sure only whites and Republicans ran government in Hawaiʻi. During the rule of the Big Five, it was almost impossible to win an election in Hawaiʻi as a Democrat. Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box: Oligarchy (Greek , OligarkhÃa) is a form of government where political power effectively rests with a small, elite segment of society (whether distinguished by wealth, family or military powers). ... The Republican Party, often called the GOP (for Grand Old Party, although one early citation described it as the Gallant Old Party) [1], is one of the two major political parties in the United States. ... The Democratic Party is one of two major political parties in the United States, the other being the Republican Party. ...

Pineapple

James Dole, also known as the Pineapple King, arrived in Hawaiʻi in 1899. He purchased land in Wahiawā and established the first pineapple plantation in Hawaiʻi. Believing that pineapples could become a popular food substance outside of Hawaiʻi, Dole built a cannery near his first plantation in 1901. Hawaiian Pineapple Company, later renamed Dole Food Company, was born. James Dole, founder of the Hawaiian pineapple industry, is immortalized as the Pineapple King. ... Year 1899 (MDCCCXCIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Friday [1] of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Wahiawā is a census-designated place and town located more or less in the center of Oahu Island, on the plateau or central valley between the two volcanic mountains that comprise the island. ... Year 1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Dole Food Company, Inc. ... Dole Food Company, Inc. ...

With his business climbing in profits, Dole expanded and built a larger cannery in ʻIwilei near Honolulu Harbor in 1907. The ʻIwilei location made his main operations more accessible to labor. The cannery at ʻIwilei was in operation until 1991. Actress and performer Bette Midler was one of its most famous employees. Aloha Tower has been greeting vessels to port at Honolulu Harbor since September 11, 1926. ... Year 1907 (MCMVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Bette Midler (born December 1, 1945) is an American singer, actress and comedienne, also known to her fans as The Divine Miss M. She is named after the actress Bette Davis although Davis pronounced her first name in two syllables, and Midler uses one. ...

Dole found himself in the midst of an economic boom industry. Demands for his pineapple grew and Dole needed to grow more. In 1922, Dole purchased the entire island of Lānaʻi and transformed the desert landscape into the largest pineapple plantation in the world. For a long stretch of time, Lānaʻi would produce 75% of the world's pineapple and become immortalized as the "Pineapple Island." Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... LÄnaÊ»i (IPA: ) is the sixth-largest of the Hawaiian Islands. ... Lāna‘i (usually spelled outside Hawai‘i as Lanai) is sixth largest of the Hawaiian Islands. ...

By the 1930s, Hawaiʻi became the pineapple capital of the world and pineapple production became its second largest industry. After World War II, there were a total of eight pineapple companies in Hawaiʻi.

Race relations

One of the most prominent challenges territorial Hawaiʻi had to face was race relations. By the time Hawaiʻi became a territory, much of Hawaiʻi's population was made up of plantation workers from China, Japan, the Philippines and Portugal. There was a substantially large native Hawaiian population that also shared in the work. Their plantation experiences molded Hawaiʻi to become a plantation culture. The Hawaiian Pidgin language was developed on the plantations so they all could understand each other. They shared each others' food and traditions. Buddhism and Shintoism grew to become some of Hawaiʻi's largest religions. Catholicism became Hawaiʻi's largest Christian denomination. Hawaiʻi was diverse and the many ethnicities lived more or less harmoniously. From the Hawaii State Archives, released into the public domain as historical artifacts to be used for educational purposes. ... From the Hawaii State Archives, released into the public domain as historical artifacts to be used for educational purposes. ... Hawaii Pidgin English, Hawaii Creole English, HCE, or simply Pidgin, is a creole language based in part on English used by most local residents of Hawaii (Hawaiian Pidgin English is considered an inaccurate label). ... A silhouette of a Buddha statue at Ayutthaya, Thailand. ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... The Cathedral of Our Lady of Peace is the oldest Roman Catholic cathedral in continuous use in the United States. ...

Massie Trial

Main article: Massie Trial This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...

Race relations in Hawaiʻi took to the national spotlight on September 12, 1931 when Thalia Massie, a U.S. Navy officer's wife, got drunk and alleged that she was beaten and raped. That same night, the Honolulu Police Department stopped a car and detained five men, all plantation boys. Officers took the men to Massie's hospital bedroom where she identified them. Many analysts today say she was mistaken, pinning the crime on them because of their ethnicity. Although evidence couldn't prove that the men were directly involved, national newspapers were quick to run stories about the brute locals on the prowl for white women in Hawaiʻi. The jury in the initial trial could not reach a verdict. One of the accused was afterwards severely beaten, while another, Joseph Kahahawai, was forced into a car and shot dead. is the 255th day of the year (256th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1931 (MCMXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1931 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... From left to right, Clarence Darrow, and defendants - two navy sailors, Lieutenant Thomas Massie, and Grace Hubbard Fortescue. ... Police Chief Lee Donohue on the left honors Police Chaplain Andrew Kikuta during a June 28, 2000 ceremony at police headquarters. ...

Police caught the Kahahawai killers: Massie's husband Thomas, mother Grace Fortescue, and two sailors. Famed criminal lawyer Clarence Darrow defended them. A jury of locals found them guilty and sentenced to hard labor for ten years. Outraged by the court's punishment, the territory's white leaders as well as 103 members of Congress signed a letter threatening to impose martial law over the territory. This pressured Governor Lawrence M. Judd to commute the sentences to an hour each in his executive chambers. Hawaiʻi residents were shocked and all of America reconsidered what they thought of Hawaiʻi's racial diversity. Grace Hubbard Fortescue, nÃ©e Grace Hubbard Bell (born November 3, 1883 in Washington D.C. â€“ died 1979) was the mother of Thalia Fortescue Massie. ... Clarence Seward Darrow (April 18, 1857 Kinsman Township, Trumbull County, Ohio - March 13, 1938 Chicago) was an American lawyer and leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, best known for defending teenaged thrill killers Leopold and Loeb in their trial for murdering 14-year-old Bobby Franks (1924) and... Lawrence M. Judd on the cover of Time, 1929 Lawrence M. Judd, formally Lawrence McCully Judd (born March 20, 1887 in Honolulu, Hawaii, was the grandson of Gerrit P. Judd of the American Board of Missions. ...

Statehood foiled

In 1935 and 1937, Congress began deliberation over whether or not Hawaiʻi should be granted statehood. Southern states were outraged at the notion that Congress would allow for a non-white majority territory to be afforded the rights given to Americans on the mainland. Statehood was postponed indefinitely over the question of race. 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar). ... Year 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Martial law

From 1941 to 1944, Territorial Governors Joseph B. Pointdexter and Ingram M. Stainback stripped themselves of their administrative powers by declaring martial law. With the territorial constitution suspended, the legislature and supreme court were also dissolved indefinitely. Military law was enforced on all residents of Hawaiʻi. A military governor from the Judge Advocate General's Corps assumed control of Hawaiʻi and governed from ʻIolani Palace, which was quickly barricaded and fitted with trenches. Download high resolution version (500x642, 80 KB)From the Hawaii Army Museum Society archives released into the public domain for historical, educational purposes. ... Download high resolution version (500x642, 80 KB)From the Hawaii Army Museum Society archives released into the public domain for historical, educational purposes. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... Year 1944 (MCMXLIV) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Judge Advocate Generals Corps, also known as JAG, can refer to the judicial arm of any of the United States armed forces, consisting of autonomous departments in the Air Force, Army, United States Coast Guard and Navy. ... Iolani Palace was the official residence of King David Kalakaua and Queen Julia Kapiolani and then Queen Liliuokalani and Prince Consort John Owen Dominis. ...

Under martial law, every facet of Hawaiian life was under the control of the military governor. His government fingerprinted all residents over the age of six, imposed blackouts and curfews, rationed food and gasoline, censored the news and media, censored all mail, prohibited alcohol, assigned business hours, and administered traffic and special garbage collection. The military governor's laws were called General Orders. Violations meant punishment without appeal by military tribunals.

Statehood

After failing in 1935 and 1937 to convince Congress Hawaiʻi was ready for statehood, Hawaiʻi resurrected the campaign in 1950 by placing the statehood question on the ballot. Two-thirds of the electorate in the territory voted in favor of joining the Union. After World War II, the call for statehood was repeated with even larger support, even from some mainland states. The reasons for the support of statehood were clear: Combatants Allied powers: China France Great Britain Soviet Union United States and others Axis powers: Germany Italy Japan and others Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Charles de Gaulle Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Franklin Roosevelt Adolf Hitler Benito Mussolini Hideki TÅjÅ Casualties Military dead: 17,000,000 Civilian dead: 33,000...

A former officer of the Honolulu Police Department, John A. Burns was elected Hawaiʻi's delegate to Congress in 1956. A Democrat, Burns won without the white vote but rather with the overwhelming support of Japanese and Filipinos in Hawaiʻi. His election proved pivotal to the statehood movement. Upon arriving in Washington, D.C., Burns began making key political maneuvers by winning over allies among Congressional leaders and state governors. Burns' most important accomplishment was convincing Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (D-TX) that Hawaiʻi was ready to become a state. Police Chief Lee Donohue on the left honors Police Chaplain Andrew Kikuta during a June 28, 2000 ceremony at police headquarters. ... John A. Burns is often called the Father of the State of Hawaii having overseen its modern development and setting precedents honored today. ... Governor John A. Burns is often called the Father of the State of Hawaii, having overseen its modern development and setting precedents still honored today. ... A Senate Majority Leader is a politician within a Senate who leads the majority party, or majority coalition, of sitting senators. ... â€œLBJâ€ redirects here. ...

In March 1959, both houses of Congress passed the Admission Act and U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed it into law. (The act excluded Palmyra Atoll, part of the Kingdom and Territory of Hawaiʻi, from the new state.) On June 27 of that year, a plebiscite was held asking Hawaiians to vote on accepting the statehood bill. Hawaiʻi voted 17 to 1 to accept. On August 21, church bells throughout Honolulu were rung upon the proclamation that Hawaiʻi was finally the 50th state of the Union. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (999x696, 111 KB) Summary Hawaii and all island groups voted at least 93% in favor of statehood (proposition 1), relinquishing all land claims and disputes to the United States (proposition 2), and full consent to terms of the Admission Act (proposition... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (999x696, 111 KB) Summary Hawaii and all island groups voted at least 93% in favor of statehood (proposition 1), relinquishing all land claims and disputes to the United States (proposition 2), and full consent to terms of the Admission Act (proposition... In April 1959, Hawaii Delegate John A. Burns prepared to slice the Hawaii Statehood Cake at Capitol Hill with Democrat Congressmen D. S. Saund of California, James Haley of Florida and Al Ullman of Oregon. ... Dwight David Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 â€“ March 28, 1969) was an American General and politician, who served as the thirty-fourth President of the United States (1953â€“1961). ... is the 178th day of the year (179th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... A referendum (plural: referendums or referenda) or plebiscite is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. ... is the 233rd day of the year (234th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

Encyclopedia > Territory of Hawaii

Contents