Tetracycline
Systematic (IUPAC) name
2-(amino-hydroxy-methylidene)-4-dimethylamino- 6,10,11,12a-tetrahydroxy-6-methyl-4,4a,5, 5a-tetrahydrotetracene-1,3,12-trione OR 4-(dimethylamino)-1,4,4a,5,5a,6,11,12a-octahydro- 3,6,10,12,12a-pentahydroxy- 1,11dioxo-naphthacene-2carboxamide
Identifiers
CAS number	60-54-8
ATC code	A01AB13 D06AA04 J01AA07 S01AA09 S02AA08 S03AA02
PubChem	643969
DrugBank	APRD00572
Chemical data
Formula	C22H24N2O8
Mol. weight	444.435 g/mol
Pharmacokinetic data
Bioavailability	60-80% Oral, while fasting <40% Intramuscular
Metabolism	Not metabolised
Half life	6-11 hours
Excretion	Fecal and Renal
Therapeutic considerations
Pregnancy cat.	D(AU) D(US) Image File history File links Tetracycline5. ... IUPAC nomenclature is a systematic way of naming organic chemical compounds. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences and alloys. ... The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System is used for the classification of drugs. ... A division of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System A Alimentary tract and metabolism A01A Stomatological preparations A01AA Caries prophylactic agents A01AA01 Sodium fluoride A01AA02 Sodium monofluorophosphate A01AA03 Olaflur A01AA04 Stannous fluoride A01AA30 Combinations A01AA51 Sodium fluoride, combinations A01AB Anti-infectives and antiseptics for local oral treatment A01AB02 Hydrogen peroxide... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... PubChem is a database of chemical molecules . ... DrugBank is a database available at the University of Alberta that provides information about thousands of products. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Atomic mass 15. ... The molecular mass of a substance (less accurately called molecular weight and abbreviated as MW) is the mass of one molecule of that substance, relative to the unified atomic mass unit u (equal to 1/12 the mass of one atom of carbon-12). ... In pharmacology, bioavailability is used to describe the fraction of an administered dose of medication that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. ... Metabolism (from Greek μεταβολισμός metabolismos) is the biochemical modification of chemical compounds in living organisms and cells. ... The elimination half-life of a drug (or any xenobiotic agent) refers to the timecourse necessary for the quantity of the xenobiotic agent in the body (or plasma concentration) to be reduced to half of its original level through various elimination processes. ... Excretion is the biological process by which an organism chemically separates waste products from its body. ... Feces, faeces, or fæces (see spelling differences) is waste product from an animals digestive tract expelled through the anus (or cloaca) during defecation. ... Human kidneys viewed from behind with spine removed The kidneys are bean-shaped excretory organs in vertebrates. ... The pregnancy category of a pharmaceutical agent is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy. ... Motto: none Anthem(s): Advance Australia Fair Royal anthem: God Save the Queen Capital Canberra Largest city Sydney English (de facto 1) Government Constitutional monarchy (federal)  - Queen Elizabeth II  - Governor-General Michael Jeffery  - Prime Minister John Howard Independence from the UK   - Constitution 1 January 1901   - Statute of Westminster 11 December... United States is the current Good Article Collaboration of the week! Please help to improve this article to the highest of standards. ...
Legal status	℞ Prescription only The regulation of therapeutic goods, that is drugs and therapeutic devices, varies by jurisdiction. ...
Routes	oral, topical (skin & eye), im, iv

Tetracycline (INN) (IPA: [ ˌtɛtrəˈsaɪklin ]) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by the streptomyces bacterium, indicated for use against many bacterial infections. It is commonly used to treat acne. It is sold under the brand names Sumycin®;, Tetracyn®; and Panmycin®, among others. Actisite® is a thread-like fiber form, used in dental applications. It is also used to produce several semi-synthetic derivatives, which together are known as the Tetracycline antibiotic group. It works by inhibiting action of the prokaryotic 30S ribosome. Toxicity may be result of inactivation of mitochondrial 30S ribosomes in host cells. In pharmacology and toxicology, a route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body 1. ... In medicine, a topical medication is applied to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes such as the vagina, nasopharynx, or the eye. ... Intramuscular injection is an injection of a substance directly into a muscle. ... An intravenous drip in a hospital Intravenous therapy or IV therapy is the administration of liquid substances directly into a vein. ... An International Nonproprietary Name (INN) is the official non-proprietary or generic name given to a pharmaceutical substance, as designated by the World Health Organization. ... The International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is a system of phonetic notation devised by linguists to accurately and uniquely represent each of the wide variety of sounds (phones or phonemes) used in spoken human language. ... An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. ... Streptomyces is a genus of Actinobacteria. ... Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... This article deals with the group of antibiotics known as the Tetracyclines . ... Prokaryotes (from Old Greek pro- before + karyon nut or kernel, referring to the cell nucleus, + suffix -otos, pl. ... Figure 1: Ribosome structure indicating small subunit (A) and large subunit (B). ... In cell biology, a mitochondrion is an organelle found in the cells of most eukaryotes. ... Figure 1: Ribosome structure indicating small subunit (A) and large subunit (B). ...

History

Tetracycline was first discovered by Lloyd Conover in the research departments of Pfizer. The patent for Tetracycline was first issued in 1955 (patent number 2,699,054). Tetracycline sparked the development of many chemically altered antibiotics and in doing so has proved to be one of the most important discoveries made in the field of antibiotics. Pfizer, Incorporated (NYSE: PFE), is the worlds largest pharmaceutical company based in New York City. ... A patent is a set of exclusive rights granted by a state to a person for a fixed period of time in exchange for the regulated, public disclosure of certain details of a device, method, process or composition of matter (substance) (known as an invention) which is new, inventive, and... 1955 (MCMLV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Cautions, Contraindications, Side effects

Are as those of the Tetracycline antibiotics group: This article deals with the group of antibiotics known as the Tetracyclines . ...

• Can stain developing teeth
• Inactivated by Ca⁺² ion, not advised to be taken with milk or yogurt
• Skin photosensitivity, not advised to be exposed to the Sun or intense light
• Drug induced lupus, and hepatitis
• Tinnitus

Types of teeth Molars are used for grinding up foods Carnassials are used for slicing food. ... An ion is an atom or group of atoms that normally are electrically neutral and achieve their status as an ion by loss (or addition) of an electron. ... A glass of cows milk Milk is the nutrient fluid produced by the mammary glands of female mammals (including monotremes). ... Yoghurt Yoghurt or yogurt, less commonly yoghourt or yogourt, is a dairy product produced by bacterial fermentation of milk. ... In zootomy and dermatology, skin is an organ of the integumentary system made up of multiple layers of epithelial tissues that guard underlying muscles and organs. ... Photosensitivity is the amount to which an object reacts upon receiving photons of light. ... The Sun is the star of our solar system. ... Prism splitting light Light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength that is visible to the eye (visible light) or, in a technical or scientific context, electromagnetic radiation of any wavelength [citation needed]. The elementary particle that defines light is the photon. ... Lupus is Latin for wolf. It may refer in English to: several diseases: Lupus erythematosus, the autoimmune disease (also known as systemic lupus erythematosus, or SLE) Lupus nephritis, an inflammation caused by SLE Lupus pernio, a feature of sarcoidosis Lupus vulgaris, a feature of cutaneous tuberculosis other uses: Lupus, the... Hepatitis is a gastroenterological disease, featuring inflammation of the liver. ... Tinnitus (ti-NIGHT-us or TIN-i-tus[1]) is the perception of sound in the absence of a corresponding external sound. ...

Indication

Tetracycline's primary use is for the treatment of acne vulgaris and rosacea. Acne of a 14 year old boy during puberty. ... Rosacea (IPA:) is a common but often misunderstood condition that is estimated to affect over 45 million people worldwide. ...

It is also used to treat a very wide range of infections; see Tetracycline antibiotics for details. This article deals with the group of antibiotics known as the Tetracyclines . ...

Other uses

Since tetracycline is absorbed into bone, it is used as a marker of bone growth for biopsies in humans, and as a biomarker in wildlife to detect consumption of medicine- or vaccine-containing baits. The presence of tetracyline in bone is detected by its fluorescence. A biopsy (in Greek: bios = life and opsy = look/appearance) is a medical test involving the removal of cells or tissues for examination. ... Various species of deer are commonly seen wildlife across the Americas and Eurasia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Fluorescence induced by exposure to ultraviolet light in vials containing various sized Cadmium selenide (CdSe) quantum dots. ...

References

• Mayton CA. Tetracycline labeling of bone
• Olson CA, et al. Bait ingestion by free-ranging raccoons and nontarget species in an oral rabies vaccine field trial in Florida. J Wildl Dis. 2000 Oct;36(4):734-43.

A section of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. ... In medicine, a topical medication is applied to body surfaces such as the skin or mucous membranes such as the vagina, nasopharynx, or the eye. ... Azelaic acid is a saturated dicarboxylic acid found naturally in wheat, rye, and barley. ... R-phrases , , S-phrases , , , Autoignition temperature 80°C RTECS number DM8575000 Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Tube of Basiron, a water-based 5% benzoyl peroxide preparation for the treatment of acne. ... This article or section may be confusing for some readers, and should be edited to be clearer or more simplified. ... Light therapy or phototherapy consists of exposure to specific wavelengths of light using lasers, LEDs, fluorescent lamps, dichroic lamps or very bright, full-spectrum light, for a prescribed amount of time. ... Salicylic acid is a colorless, crystalline organic carboxylic acid. ... Tea tree oil Tea tree oil is a yellowish green-tinged essential oil with a fresh camphoraceous odour. ... An antibiotic is a drug that kills or slows the growth of bacteria. ... Clindamycin (rINN) (IPA: ) is a lincosamide antibiotic used in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible microorganisms. ... Co-trimoxazole (abbreviated SXT) is a bacteriostatic antibiotic combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, in the ratio of 1 to 5, used in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections. ... Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic which has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often used for people who have an allergy to penicillins. ... Sulfacetamide is a sulfonamide antibiotic. ... Teicoplanin is an antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. ... This article deals with the group of antibiotics known as the Tetracyclines . ... Trimethoprim is a bacteriostatic antibiotic mainly used in the prophylaxis and treatment of urinary tract infections (cystitis). ... Vancomycin (INN) (IPA: ) is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. ... A hormone (from Greek horman - to set in motion) is a chemical messenger from one cell (or group of cells) to another. ... An antiandrogen, or androgen antagonist, is any of a group of hormone antagonist compounds that are capable of preventing or inhibiting the biologic effects of androgens, male sex hormones, on normally responsive tissues in the body (see androgen insensitivity syndrome). ... The Retinoids are a class of chemical compounds that are related chemically to vitamin A. Retinoids are used in medicine, primarily due to the way they regulate epithelial cell growth. ... Adapalene is a chemical compound that is primarily used as a topical treatment for acne. ... Isotretinoin (INN) (IPA: ) is a medication used for the treatment of severe acne. ... Tazarotene commonly called Tazorac is a prescription topical retinoid sold as a cream or gel. ... Tretinoin, also known as all-trans retinoic acid, is a drug commonly used to treat acne vulgaris and keratosis pilaris. ...