Tevatron is a circular particle accelerator (or synchrotron) at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory in Batavia, Illinois. The Tevatron accelerates protons and antiprotons in a 6.3 km ring to energies of up to 1 TeV. The Tevatron was completed in 1983 at a cost of $120 million and has been regularly upgraded since then. The Main Injector was the most substantial addition, built over five years from 1994 at a cost of $290 million. One of the early particle accelerators responsible for development of the atomic bomb. ... Fermilab Robert Rathbun Wilson Hall Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), located in Batavia near Chicago, Illinois, is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory specializing in high-energy particle physics, operated for the Department of Energy by the Universities Research Association (URA). ... Batavia is a city located in Kane County, Illinois and DuPage County, Illinois. ... Properties In physics, the proton (Greek proton = first) is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of one positive fundamental unit (1. ... The antiproton(aka pbar) is the antiparticle of the proton. ... KM, Km, or km may stand for: Khmer language (ISO 639 alpha-2, km) Kilometre Kinemantra Meditation Knowledge management KM programming language Comoros (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code) the Michaelis-Menten constant Km, see Michaelis-Menten kinetics Kamenz (district), Germany (license plate indication) Messenia, Greece (license plate indication... A TeV is a teraelectronvolt, i. ...

The acceleration occurs in a number of stages. The first stage is the 750 keV Cockcroft-Walton pre-accelerator, which ionizes hydrogen gas and accelerates the negative ions created using a positive voltage. The ions then pass into the 150 meter long linear accelerator (linac) which uses oscillating electrical fields to accelerate the ions to 400 MeV. The ions then pass through a carbon foil, to remove the electrons, and the charged protons then move into the Booster. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... The Cockcroft-Walton (CW) generator, or multiplier, was named after the two men who in 1932 used this circuit design to power their particle accelerator, performing the first artificial nuclear disintegration in history. ... ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ... metre or meter, see meter (disambiguation) The metre is the basic unit of length in the International System of Units. ... A Linear particle accelerator is an electrical device for the acceleration of subatomic particles. ... An electronvolt (symbol: eV) is the amount of energy gained by a single unbound electron when it falls through an electrostatic potential difference of one volt. ... Properties The electron is a subatomic particle. ... Properties In physics, the proton (Greek proton = first) is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of one positive fundamental unit (1. ...

The Booster is a small circular magnetic accelerator, around which the protons pass up to 20,000 times to attain an energy of around 8 GeV. From the Booster the particles pass into the Main Injector, which was completed in 1999 to perform a number of tasks. It can accelerate protons up to 150 GeV; it can produce 120 GeV protons for antiproton creation; it can increase antiproton energy to 120 GeV and it can inject protons or antiprotons into the Tevatron. The antiprotons are created by the Antiproton Source. 120 GeV protons are collided with a nickel target producing a range of particles including antiprotons which can be collected and stored in the accumulator ring. The ring can then pass the antiprotons to the Main Injector. A GEV (or Ground Effect Vehicle) is vehicle that takes advantage of the aerodynamic principle of ground effect (or Wing-in-ground). ...

The Tevatron can accelerate the particles from the Main Injector up to 980 GeV, within 320 km/h of the speed of light. The protons and antiprotons are accelerated in opposite directions, crossing paths in the CDF and D0 (zero) detectors to collide at 1.96 TeV. To hold the particles on track the Tevatron uses superconducting dipole magnets cooled in liquid helium producing 4.2 teslas. The Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF) experimental collaboration studies high energy particle collisions at the Tevatron, the world’s highest energy particle accelerator. ... Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials at low temperatures, characterised by the complete absence of electrical resistance and the damping of the interior magnetic field (the Meissner effect. ... Magnetic lines of force of a bar magnet shown by iron filings on paper A magnet is an object that has a magnetic field. ... General Name, Symbol, Number helium, He, 2 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 4. ... The tesla (symbol T) is the SI derived unit of magnetic flux density (or magnetic induction). ...

On 27 September 1993 the cryogenic cooling system of the Tevatron Accelerator was named an International Historic Landmark by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. When built in 1978 the system, which provides cryogenic liquid helium to the Tevatron's superconducting magnets, was the largest low-temperature system in existence. It maintains the coils of the magnets, which bend and focus the particle beam, in a superconducting state with a power consumption of 1/3 what it would be at normal temperatures. September 27 is the 270th day of the year (271st in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 95 days remaining. ... 1993 is a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar and marked the Beginning of the International Decade to Combat Racism and Racial Discrimination (1993-2003). ... Cryogenics is the study of very low temperatures or the production of the same, and is often confused with cryobiology, the study of the effect of low temperatures on organisms, or the study of cryopreservation. ... The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) is a professional body, specifically an engineering society, focused on mechanical engineering. ...

In 1995, both CDF and D0 experiments announced the discovery of the top quark. 1995 was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The top quark is a third-generation quark with a charge of +2/3. ...

See also

• Zevatron
• Bevatron