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TECO (pronounced /tee'koh/; originally an acronym for [paper] Tape Editor and COrrector, but later Text Editor and COrrector) is a text editor originally developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in the 1960s and was modified by 'just about everybody'. With all the dialects included, TECO may have been the most prolific editor in use before the vi editor (later included with the UNIX operating system), and before the Emacs editor, to which TECO was directly ancestral ('Emacs' originally stood for Editing MACroS running on TECO). Notepad is the standard text editor for Microsoft Windows A text editor is a piece of computer software for editing plain text. ...
The Massachusetts Institute of Technology, or MIT, is a private coeducational research university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. MIT has five schools and one college, containing 32 academic departments,[2] with a strong emphasis on theoretical, applied, and interdisciplinary scientific and technological research. ...
The correct title of this article is vi. ...
Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIXâ„¢) is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and Douglas McIlroy. ...
This article is about the text editor. ...
Description and impact TECO, noted for its complex syntax, can be considered a general-purpose, interpreted programming language targeted for text manipulation. Its great power was the ability to construct complex macros using matching criteria that rival the regular expressions in common use today. Almost every character is a command—a one- or two-character sequence replaces the usual keywords of more verbose languages—thus any character string is a TECO program, although not necessarily a useful one. One common game was to imagine editing a file using TECO and typing your name, and then to try to work out what would happen. For other uses, see Syntax (disambiguation). ...
An interpreter is a computer program that executes other programs. ...
A programming language is an artificial language that can be used to control the behavior of a machine, particularly a computer. ...
A regular expression (abbreviated as regexp, regex or regxp) is a string that describes or matches a set of strings, according to certain syntax rules. ...
Richard Stallman's now famous Emacs editor was originally implemented in TECO. (Later versions of Emacs, first Multics Emacs and then GNU Emacs, were implemented in Lisp and Emacs Lisp.) TECO became well-known following a Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) PDP-6 minicomputer implementation developed at MIT's Project MAC in 1964. This implementation continuously displayed the edited text visually on a CRT screen, and was used as an interactive online editor. (This was, however, neither its origin nor its originally intended mode of use.) Later versions of TECO were capable of driving full-screen mode on various DEC RS232 video terminals. Richard Matthew Stallman (nickname RMS) (born March 16, 1953) is an acclaimed software freedom activist, hacker, and software developer. ...
This article is about the text editor. ...
Multics (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) was an extraordinarily influential early time-sharing operating system. ...
GNU (pronounced ) is a computer operating system - consisting of a kernel, libraries, system utilities, compilers, and end-user application software - composed entirely of free software. ...
Lisp is a family of computer programming languages with a long history and a distinctive fully-parenthesized syntax. ...
Emacs Lisp is a dialect of the Lisp programming language used by the GNU Emacs and XEmacs text editors (which we will collectively refer to as Emacs in this article. ...
The DEC logo Digital Equipment Corporation was a pioneering American company in the computer industry. ...
The PDP-6 (Programmed Data Processor-6) was a computer model developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) in 1963. ...
Project MAC, later the MIT Laboratory for Computer Science (LCS), was a research laboratory at MIT. Project MAC would become famous for groundbreaking research in operating systems, artificial intelligence, and the theory of computation. ...
Cathode ray tube employing electromagnetic focus and deflection Cutaway rendering of a color CRT Electron guns Electron beams Focusing coils Deflection coils Anode connection Mask for separating beams for red, green, and blue part of displayed image Phosphor layer with red, green, and blue zones Close-up of the phosphor...
RS-232 (also referred to as EIA RS-232C or V.24) is a standard for serial binary data interchange between a DTE (Data terminal equipment) and a DCE (Data communication equipment). ...
TECO was available for several operating systems and computers, including the PDP-1 computer, the Incompatible Timesharing System (ITS) on the PDP-6 and PDP-10 minicomputers, and TOPS-10 and TOPS-20 on the PDP-10. A version of TECO was provided with all DEC operating systems; the version available for RT11 was able to drive the GT40 graphics display while the version available for RSTS/E was actually implemented as a multi-user run-time system and could be used as the user's complete operating environment; the user never actually had to exit TECO. Hewlett-Packard, having bought Compaq (who bought Digital Equipment Corporation), still provides TECO with the VMS operating system. The PDP-1 (Programmed Data Processor-1) was the first computer in Digital Equipments PDP series and was first produced in 1960. ...
ITS, the Incompatible Timesharing System, was an early, revolutionary, and influential MIT time-sharing operating system; it was developed principally by the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory at MIT, with some help from Project MAC. ITS development was initiated in the late 1960s by those (the majority of the MIT AI Lab...
The PDP-10 was a computer manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from the late 1960s on; the name stands for Programmed Data Processor model 10. It was the machine that made time-sharing common; it looms large in hacker folklore because of its adoption in the 1970s by many...
The TOPS-10 System was a computer operating system from Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for the PDP-10 released in 1964 and later on for the DEC-System10. ...
The TOPS-20 operating system by DEC was the second proprietary OS for the PDP-10. ...
The PDP-10 was a computer manufactured by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) from the late 1960s on; the name stands for Programmed Data Processor model 10. It was the machine that made time-sharing common; it looms large in hacker folklore because of its adoption in the 1970s by many...
RT-11 (for Run Time or Real Time) was a real-time operating system for the DEC PDP-11. ...
RSTS/E (an acronym for Resource Sharing Time Sharing Extended) was a multi-user time-shared operating system developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for the PDP-11 series of 16-bit minicomputers, and used primarily during the 1970s and 1980s, although some installations were still being upgraded well into...
A run-time system (RTS) was a concept peculiar to the RSTS/E operating system. ...
The Hewlett-Packard Company (NYSE: HPQ), commonly known as HP, is a very large, global company headquartered in Palo Alto, California, United States. ...
Compaq Computer Corporation is an American personal computer company founded in 1982, and now a brand name of Hewlett-Packard. ...
The DEC logo Digital Equipment Corporation was a pioneering American company in the computer industry. ...
OpenVMS V7. ...
A descendant of the version DEC distributed for the PDP-10 is still available on the Internet, along with several partial implementations for the MS-DOS/Microsoft Windows environment. Microsofts disk operating system, MS-DOS, was Microsofts implementation of DOS, which was the first popular operating system for the IBM PC, and until recently, was widely used on the PC compatible platform. ...
Microsoft Windows is the name of several families of proprietary operating systems by Microsoft. ...
History TECO was originally developed at MIT circa 1963 by Daniel L. Murphy for use on two PDP-1 computers, belonging to different departments, both housed in DEC's Building 26. On these machines, the normal development process involved the use of a Friden Flexowriter to prepare source code offline on a continuous strip of punched paper tape. Programmers of the big IBM mainframes customarily punched their source code on cards, using key punches which printed human-readable dot-matrix characters along the top of every card at the same time as they punched each machine-readable character. Thus IBM programmers could read, insert, delete, and move lines of code by physically manipulating the cards in the deck. Punched paper tape offered no such amenities, and necessity was the mother of online editing. 1963 (MCMLXIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (the link is to a full 1963 calendar). ...
The PDP-1 (Programmed Data Processor-1) was the first computer in Digital Equipments PDP series and was first produced in 1960. ...
The Friden Flexowriter was a teleprinter based on a 1940s IBM product that was spun off as an independent company and later sold to the Friden Corp. ...
SAS 8 on an IBM mainframe under 3270 emulation An IBM mainframe is a mainframe computer made by IBM. // From 1952 into the late 1960s, IBM manufactured and marketed several large computer models, known as the IBM 700/7000 series. ...
Source code (commonly just source or code) is any series of statements written in some human-readable computer programming language. ...
The punch card (or Hollerith card) is a recording medium for holding information for use by automated data processing machines. ...
IBM 029 keypunch. ...
A dot matrix is an array of dots used to generate characters, symbols and images. ...
An early editor for the PDP-1 was (officially!) named "Expensive Typewriter." Written by Stephen D. Piner, it was the most rudimentary imaginable line-oriented editor, lacking even search-and-replace capabilities. Its name was chosen as a wry poke at an earlier, rather bloated, editor called "Colossal Typewriter". Even in those days, on-line editing could save time in the debugging cycle. Another program written by the PDP-1 hackers was Expensive Desk Calculator, in a similar vein. Expensive Typewriter was a text editing program that ran on the DEC PDP-1 computer that was recently delivered at MIT. Since it could drive a Friden Flexowriter (a letter-quality printer), it was arguably the first word processing program although it definitely was not WYSIWYG, having no CRT display. ...
Colossal Typewriter by John McCarthy and Roland Silver was one of the earliest computer text editors. ...
Hackers are sometimes portrayed as mysterious and strange. ...
Expensive Desk Calculator by Robert A. Wagner is thought to be computings first interactive calculation program. ...
The original stated purpose of TECO was to make more efficient use of the PDP-1. As envisioned in the manual, rather than performing editing "expensively" by sitting at a console, one would simply examine the faulty text and prepare a "correction tape" describing the editing operations to be performed on the text. One would efficiently feed the source tape and the correction tape into the PDP-1 via its high-speed (200 characters per second) reader. Running TECO, it immediately would punch an edited tape with its high-speed (60 characters per second) punch. One could then immediately proceed to load and run the assembler, with no time wasted in online editing. The console is the text output device for system administration messages, particularly those from the BIOS or boot loader, the kernel, from the init system and from the system logger. ...
TECO's then-sophisticated searching operations were motivated by the fact that the offline Flexowriter printouts were not line-numbered; therefore editing locations needed to be specified by context rather than by line number. The various looping and conditional constructs (which made TECO Turing-complete) were included in order to provide sufficient descriptive power for the correction tape. The terse syntax minimized the number of keystrokes needed to prepare the correction tape. In computability theory a programming language or any other logical system is called Turing-complete if it has a computational power equivalent to a universal Turing machine. ...
The correction tape was, in fact a program, and required debugging just like any other program. The pitfalls of even the simplest global search-and-replace soon became evident. In practice, TECO editing was performed online just as it had been with Expensive Typewriter (although TECO was certainly a more feature-complete editor than Expensive Typewriter, so editing was much more efficient with TECO). The original PDP-1 version had no screen display. The only way to observe the state of the text during the editing process was to type in commands that would cause the text (or portions thereof) to be typed out on the console typewriter.
Example TECO session Suppose that you had a file named hello.c with the following contents: int main(int argc, char **argv) { printf("Hello world!n"); return 0; } and you wanted to change it to say "Goodbye" instead of "Hello". You might use a TECO session like this, noting that the prompt is "*" and "$" is how ESC is echoed: *EBhello.c$$ Open file for read/write with backup *P$$ Read in the first page *SHello$0TT$$ Search for "Hello" and print the line printf("Hello world!n"); The line *-5DIGoodbye$0TT$$ Delete "Hello", insert "Goodbye", and print the line printf("Goodbye world!n"); The updated line *EX$$ Copy the remainder of the file and exit
Example TECO code | Code sample | Explanation | | ER file $ | open file for read access | | [q ... ]q | push ... pop register Q (can hold number, text, or code) | | < code > | iteration; there are codes for next, break, continue, etc. | | n"X then-code | else-code'''' | if-then-else (X is a test type) |
The TECO programming language One notable quote about TECO was the following from Real Programmers Don't Use PASCAL, a letter from Ed Post to Datamation, July 1983, pp. 263-265: 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...
"It has been observed that a TECO command sequence more closely resembles transmission line noise than readable text. One of the more entertaining games to play with TECO is to type your name in as a command line and try to guess what it does. Just about any possible typing error while talking with TECO will probably destroy your program, or even worse -- introduce subtle and mysterious bugs in a once working subroutine." Despite the odd syntax, the teco command language was tremendously powerful, and clones are still available for MS-DOS and for Unix. Microsofts disk operating system, MS-DOS, was Microsofts implementation of DOS, which was the first popular operating system for the IBM PC, and until recently, was widely used on the PC compatible platform. ...
Filiation of Unix and Unix-like systems Unix (officially trademarked as UNIXâ„¢) is a computer operating system originally developed in the 1960s and 1970s by a group of AT&T employees at Bell Labs including Ken Thompson, Dennis Ritchie, and Douglas McIlroy. ...
Teco commands are characters (including control-characters), and the prompt is a single star:
* The escape key pressed twice terminated commands, and displayed as a dollar sign: *$$
Example TECO programs The first two examples are a simple interchange sort of the current text buffer, based on the 1st character of each line, taken from the PDP-11 TECO User's Guide. A "goto" and "structured" version are shown. Note that TECO ignores case and whitespace (except tab, which is an insertion command). Goto may mean: GOTO (also known as Goto or Go to) – a branching construct in programming languages, infamous for its role in unstructured dialects of BASIC Goto, Nagasaki – a Japanese city G0-T0 (note: the characters following the G and T, respectively, are zeros), alias his coverup identity of Goto...
Structured programming can be seen as a subset or subdiscipline of procedural programming, one of the major programming paradigms. ...
In orthography and typography, letter case (or just case) is the distinction between majuscule (capital or upper-case) and minuscule (lower-case) letters. ...
For information on the programming language Whitespace, see Whitespace programming language. ...
Tab may refer to: The tab key, used to indent text to a preset horizontal position. ...
Example 1 !START! j 0aua ! jump to beginning, load 1st char in register A ! !CONT! l 0aub ! load first char of next line in register B ! qa-qb"g xa k -l ga 1uz ' ! if A>B, switch lines and set flag in register Z ! qbua ! load B into A ! l z-."g -l @o/CONT/ ' ! loop back if another line in buffer ! qz"g 0uz @o/START/ ' ! repeat if a switch was made on last pass !
Example 2 0uz ! clear repeat flag ! <j 0aua l ! load 1st char into register A ! <0aub ! load 1st char of next line into B ! qa-qb"g xa k -l ga -1uz ' ! if A>B, switch lines and set flag ! qbua ! load B into A ! l .-z;> ! loop back if another line in buffer ! qz;> ! repeat if a switch was made last pass !
The next example is a Brainfuck interpreter for TECO. It works by executing the buffer as a Brainfuck program, and demonstrates the capabilities of the editor. It has been suggested that Brainfuck++ be merged into this article or section. ...
Example 3 @^UB#@S/{^EQQ,/#@^UC#@S/,^EQQ}/@-1S/{/#@^UR#.U1ZJQZ^SC.,.+-^SXQ-^SDQ1J#@^U9/[]-+<>.,/<@:-FD/^N^EG9/;>J30000<0@I//>ZJZUL30000J0U10U20U30U60U7@^U4/[]/@^U5#<@:S/^EG4/U7Q7; -AU3(Q3-91)"=%1|Q1"=.U6ZJ@i/{/Q2@i/,/Q6@i/}/Q6J0;'-1%1'>#<@:S/[/UT.U210^T13^TQT;QT"NM5Q2J'>0UP30000J.US.UI<(0A-43)"=QPJ0AUTDQT+1@I//QIJ@O/end/'(0A-45)"=QPJ0AUTDQT-1@I/ /QIJ@O/end/'(0A-60)"=QP-1UP@O/end/'(0A-62)"=QP+1UP@O/end/'(0A-46)"=-.+QPA^T(-.+QPA-10)"=13^T'@O/end/'(0A-44)"=^TUT8^TQPJDQT@I//QIJ@O/end/'(0A-91)"=-.+QPA"=QI+1UZQLJMRMB -1J.UI'@O/end/'(0A-93)"=-.+QPA"NQI+1UZQLJMRMC-1J.UI'@O/end/'!end!QI+1UI(.-Z)"=.=@^a/END/^c^c'C>
TECO trivia - Most DEC command languages interpreted the "MAKE filename" command as a command to start TECO and create the named filename. Many (most?) TECOs would respond to "MAKE LOVE" with the message "Not war?". At some TECO installation sites, the resulting file "LOVE" was considered a good-luck charm and was thus accorded heavy file protection (e.g., <777> under TOPS-10), never to be deleted.
- TECO could be considered to be one of the first "write-only" languages. That is, it could be argued that once a program is written in TECO, it would be extremely difficult to comprehend what it did without appropriate documentation.
- TECO's command line macro utility was called MUNG, which would execute the specified TECO program/macro on the specified input file. MUNG itself was one of the first recursive acronyms, standing for "MUNG Until No Good".
- When the VAX was introduced, DEC announced a more "user friendly" screen editor EDT to replace TECO. When users complained about the lack of support for their favorite editor, they were told "TECO is not an editor, it's a programming language!"
- One of the common sayings among exasperated TECO geeks was that it actually stood for Type Everything Completely Over.
A write-only language is a programming language with the attribute that programs written in it are more easily scrapped and re-written than modified. ...
Mung (or munge) is computer jargon for to make repeated changes which individually may be reversible, yet which ultimately result in an unintentional irreversible destruction of large portions of the original item. ...
A recursive acronym is an acronym (or occasionally, a backronym) which refers to itself in the expression for which it stands, similar to a recursive abbreviation. ...
EDT was a text editor that was developed by Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) for use on its PDP-11 series of computers, and later for its VAX/VMS series as well. ...
See also A line editor is a text editor computer program that is oriented around lines. ...
References - TECO pocket guide. Digital Equipment Corporation, 1978. Order No. AV-D530A-TK. 17 pp. [1]
- TECO 6. PDP-6 Memo No. 2, Memorandum MAC-M-191, October 29, 1964. [2]
External links This article is based in part on the Jargon File, which is in the public domain. The Jargon File is a glossary of hacker slang. ...
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