In music texture is the overall quality of sound of a piece, most often indicated by the number of voices in the music and to the relationship between these voices (see below). A piece's texture may be further described using terms such as "thick" and "light", "rough" or "smooth" texture, for example, Aaron Copland's more popular pieces are described as having an "open" texture. The perceived texture of a piece can be affected by the number and character of parts playing at once, the timbre of the instruments or voices playing these parts and the harmony, tempo, and rhythms used. crap!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ... A musical piece is a composed work of music that is intended for performance or reproduction (for recorded works) and has a creator. ... Look up melody in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer of concert and film music. ... In music, timbre, also timber (from Fr. ... Harmony, Greek ἁρμονία harmonía meaning a fastening or join. The concept of harmony dates as far back as Pythagoras. ... In musical terminology, tempo (Italian for time) is the speed or pace of a given piece. ... // Rhythm (Greek ρυθμός = tempo) is the variation of the duration of sounds or other events over time. ...

Types of texture

The musicological ^{[citation needed]} terms for different types of texture are:

• Monophony - one melodic voice without harmonic accompaniment (although rhythmic accompaniment may be present).
• Polyphony - multiple melodic voices which are to some extent independent from one another.
• Homophony - multiple voices where one voice, the melody, stands out prominently and the other voices form a background of harmonic accompaniment. If all the parts have the same, or nearly the same, rhythm, then the homophonic texture can also be described as homorhythmic.
• Heterophony - a musical texture in which the voices are different in character, moving in contrasting rhythms. The voices may play a single melody with simultaneous variations in that melody, or they may play substantially different melodies. (Heterophyony can be considered a sub-category of polyphany, or an embellished/"ragged" form of monophony, or some mixture of the two).

Although in music instruction certain styles or repertoires of music are often identified with one of these descriptions (for example, Gregorian chant is described as monophonic, Bach Chorales are described as homophonic and fugues as polyphonic), many pieces of music have elements of more than one type of texture. In music, the word texture is often used in a rather vague way in reference to the overall sound of a piece of music. ... Polyphony is a musical texture consisting of two or more independent melodic voices, as opposed to music with just one voice (monophony) or music with one dominant melodic voice accompanied by chords (homophony). ... Homophony is a musical term that describes the texture of two or more instruments or parts moving together and using the same rhythm. ... In music, homorhythm is a texture where there is a sameness of rhythm in all parts (Griffiths 2005, p. ... Look up heterophony in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Gregorian chant is also known as plainchant or plainsong and is a form of monophonic, unaccompanied singing, which was developed in the Catholic Church, mainly during the period 800-1000. ... In music, the BACH motif is the sequence of notes B flat, A, C, B natural. ... A chorale was originally a hymn of the Lutheran church sung by the entire congregation. ... In music, a fugue (IPA: ) is a type of contrapuntal composition. ...

A simultaneity is more than one complete musical texture occurring at the same time, rather than in succession. Simultaneity is the property of two events happening at the same time in at least ONE Reference frame. ... Succession is the act or process of pooing or of following in order or sequence. ...

A more recent type of texture first used by György Ligeti is micropolyphony. Other textures include homorhythmic, polythematic, polyrhythmic, onomatopoeic, compound, and mixed or composite textures (Corozine 2002, p.34). György Sándor Ligeti (May 28, 1923 – June 12, 2006) was a Jewish Hungarian composer born in Romania who later became an Austrian citizen. ... Micropolyphony is a type of 20th century musical texture involving the use of sustained dissonant chords that shift slowly over time. ... In music, homorhythm is a texture where there is a sameness of rhythm in all parts (Griffiths 2005, p. ... In music, a theme is the initial or primary melody. ... Polyrhythm is the simultaneous sounding of two or more independent rhythms. ... In linguistics and poetry, onomatopoeia is the device of a word, or occasionally, a grouping of words, with a sound imitating the sound it is describing, such as bang, click, fizz, hush or buzz. Onomatopoetic words exist in every language, although they are different in each. ...

Sources

• Corozine, Vince (2002). Arranging Music for the Real World: Classical and Commercial Aspects. ISBN 0-7866-4961-5.

Further reading

• Copland, Aaron. What to Listen for in Music. Published by Signet Classic, an imprint of New American Library, a division of Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, NY.
• Hanning, Barbara Russano, Concise History of Western Music, based on Donald Jay Grout & Claudia V. Palisca's A History of Western Music, Fifth Edition. Published by W W Norton & Company, New York, Copyright 1998. ISBN 0-393-97168-6.
• Hyer, Brian: 'Homophony', Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 24 September 2006), <http://www.grovemusic.com>
• Frobenius, Wolf: 'Polyphony', Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 24 September 2006), <http://www.grovemusic.com>
• 'Monophony', Grove Music Online ed. L. Macy (Accessed 24 September 2006), <http://www.grovemusic.com>

External links

• A Guide to Musical Texture with multimedia
• Stages in the Evolution of Music -- from monophony to harmony.
• Role of the Drone in the Evolution of Harmony

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