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New Year celebration, Rodnam Damhua, a traditional way to celebrate with elders. Most Thai people go back to their hometowns to meet their elders.

New Year celebration near Khao San Road

The Thai New Year (Thai: สงกรานต์ Songkran, from Sanskrit sankrānti "astrological passage") is celebrated every year on 13 April to 15 April. It coincides with the New Year of many other calendars in South and Southeast Asia. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Songkran-3-KayEss-2. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Songkran-3-KayEss-2. ... The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Map of South Asia (see note on Kashmir). ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ...

The date of the festival was originally set by astrological calculation, but it is now fixed. If these days fall on a weekend, the missed days off are taken on the weekdays immediately following. Songkran falls in the hottest time of the year in Thailand, at the end of the dry season. Until 1888 the Thai New Year was the beginning of the year in Thailand; thereafter 1 April was used until 1940. 1 January is now the beginning of the year. The traditional Thai New Year has been a national holiday since then.

New year traditions

Songkran at Wat Thai in Los Angeles

The most obvious celebration of Songkran is the throwing of water. People roam the streets with containers of water or water guns, or post themselves at the side of roads with a garden hose and drench each other and passersby. This, however, was not always the main activity of this festival. Songkran was traditionally a time to visit and pay respects to elders, including family members, friends and neighbors.

Besides the throwing of water, people celebrating Songkran may also go to a wat (Buddhist monastery) to pray and give food to monks. They may also cleanse Buddha images from household shrines as well as Buddha images at monasteries by gently pouring water mixed with a Thai fragrance (น้ำอบไทย) over them. It is believed that doing this will bring good luck and prosperity for the New Year. In many cities, such as Chiang Mai, the Buddha images from all of the city's important monasteries are paraded through the streets so that people can toss water at them, ritually 'bathing' the images, as they pass by on ornately decorated floats. In northern Thailand, people may carry handfuls of sand to their neighborhood monastery in order to recompense the dirt that they have carried away on their feet during the rest of the year. The sand is then sculpted into stupa-shaped piles and decorated with colorful flags. This article is about the Southeast Asian temple. ... A street scene in Chiang Mai, showing (centre right), a gate of the old city wall. ... The Great Stupa at Sanchi. ...

Some people make New Year resolutions - to refrain from bad behavior, or to do good things. Songkran is a time for cleaning and renewal. Besides washing household Buddha images, many Thais also take this opportunity to give their home a thorough cleaning.

The throwing of water originated as a way to pay respect to people, by gently pouring a small amount of lustral water on other people’s hands or over a shoulder as a sign of respect. Among young people the holiday evolved to include dousing strangers with water to relieve the heat, since April is the hottest month in Thailand (temperatures can rise to over 100°F or 40°C on some days). This has further evolved into water fights and splashing water over people riding in vehicles.

The use of chalk (ดินสอพอง) is also very common having originated in the chalk used by monks to mark blessings.

Some children having fun at the Bangkok Zoo during Songkran.

Nowadays, the emphasis is on fun and water-throwing rather than on the festival's spiritual and religious aspects, which sometimes prompts complaints from traditionalists. In recent years there have been calls to moderate the festival to lessen the many alcohol-related road accidents as well as injuries attributed to extreme behavior such as water being thrown in the faces of traveling motorcyclists. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (482x640, 81 KB) Songkran partygoer taken by user:KayEss File links The following pages link to this file: Thai New Year User:KayEss/Gallery ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (482x640, 81 KB) Songkran partygoer taken by user:KayEss File links The following pages link to this file: Thai New Year User:KayEss/Gallery ... For other uses, see Chalk (disambiguation). ...

The water is meant as a symbol of washing all of the bad away and is sometimes filled with fragrant herbs.

Astrological calculation

Although the traditional calendar of Thailand like most of Southeast Asia utilizes a lunisolar calendar, the date of the new year was calculated on a purely solar basis. The term Songkran comes from Sanskrit "Sankranta" and means "a move or change" - in this case the move of the sun into the Aries zodiac. Originally this happened at the vernal equinox, but, as the Thai astrology did not observe precession, the date moved from March to April. The Thai lunar calendar or Patitin Chantarakati (Thai: ปฏิทินจันทรคติ) was replaced by the Patitin Suriyakati (ปฎิทินสุริยคติ) Thai solar calendar in AD 1888 2431 BE for most purposes, but the Chantarakati still determines most Buddhist feast or holy days, as well as a day for the famous Loy Krathong festival. ... Location of Southeast Asia Southeast Asia is a subregion of Asia. ... A lunisolar calendar is a calendar whose date indicates both the moon phase and the time of the solar year. ... Sanskrit ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Aries the animal Aries is an astrological sign that originated from the constellation Aries, and is the first sign of the zodiac. ... For other uses, see Zodiac (disambiguation). ... Illumination of Earth by Sun on the day of equinox The vernal equinox (or spring equinox) marks the beginning of astronomical spring. ... Hand-coloured version of the anonymous Flammarion woodcut (1888). ... Precession redirects here. ...

There is a similar named Indian Festival called as Sankrant or Makar Sankranti[1], celebrated on 14 January every year. Songkran as such has similarity to Indian festival of Holi. For the Indian film of the same name, see Holi (film). ...

Greetings

The traditional greeting is "สวัสดีปีใหม่" (sa-wat-di pi mai), basically "Happy New Year". "Sawatdi" = also used for "hello" or "goodbye" (Romanized spellings may vary, i.e. "sawadee" or "sawasdee"). "Pi" = year. "Mai" = new. Or "สุขสันต์ปีใหม่" (suk-san pi mai), "Suksan" = Happy.
However, most people use "สุขสันต์วันสงกรานต์" (suk-san wan songkran) - meaning "Happy Songkran Day" - since "pi mai" is more often linked with the first of January. "Suksan" is also used as an attribute for other days such as "Valentine's Day" ("สุขสันต์วันแห่งความรัก", suk-san wan haeng khwam rak) = Happy Valentine's Day.

In other calendars

Songkran is also celebrated in Laos (called pi mai lao), Cambodia, Myanmar (called Thingyan), and by the Dai people in Yunnan, China. The same day is celebrated in South Asian calendars as well: the Assamese (called Rongali Bihu), Bengali (called Pohela Boishakh), Oriya (called Maha Visuba Sangkranti), Malayali, Punjabi, Sinhalese, and Tamil New Years fall on the same dates, based on the astrological event of the sun beginning its northward journey. The Lao New Year called Pee Mai is celebrated every year mostly aroundApril 13 to April 16. ... Anthem Kaba Ma Kyei Capital Naypyidaw Largest city Yangon Official languages Burmese Demonym Burmese Government Military junta  -  Chairman of the State Peace and Development Council Than Shwe  -  Prime Minister Soe Win  -  Acting Prime Minister Thein Sein Establishment  -  Bagan 849–1287   -  Taungoo Dynasty 1486–1752   -  Konbaung Dynasty 1752–1885   -  Colonial rule... Thingyan (Burmese: ) is the Burmese New Year Festival and usually falls around mid-April. ... The Dai (or the Thai peoples of China) is the officially recognized name of an ethnic group living in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture (both in southern Yunnan Province of China), and also in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, and Myanmar. ... Yunan redirects here. ... Assamese (অসমীয়া) or Asamiya is the language spoken by some of the natives of the state of Assam in northeast India. ... This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Oriya is the official language of the Indian state of Orissa. ... Languages Malayalam (മലയാളം) Religions Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Related ethnic groups Dravidian people Brahui people Kannadigas Tamils Telugus Tuluvas Malayali or Malayalee(മലയാളി) is a name given to the inhabitants of the state of Kerala. ... Punjabi (also Panjabi; in GurmukhÄ«, PanjābÄ« in ShāhmukhÄ«) is the language of the Punjab regions of India and Pakistan. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Look up Tamil in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Songkran

• History of the Songkran Festival
• Photos of Songkran water throwing
• Video of Songkran festivities