The Architects' Collaborative (TAC) was an American architectural firm formed by Walter Gropius and seven younger architects in 1945 in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The other partners were Norman C. Fletcher (December 8, 1917-May 31, 2007), Jean B. Fletcher (1915–September 13, 1965), John C. Harkness (b. November 30, 1916), Sarah P. Harkness (b. July 8, 1914), Robert S. McMillan (April 3, 1916–March 14, 2001), Louis A. McMillen (October 21, 1916&qwnmgdjdsgfcasdnhv snhvhdvfvcvf21]], 2002). TAC has created many successful projects, and has been well-respected for its broad range of designs. One of TAC's specialties was designing public school buildings. This article is about the built environment. ... Walter Adolph Georg Gropius (May 18, 1883 – July 5, 1969) was a German architect and founder of Bauhaus. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government  - Type Mayor-City Council  - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area  - Total 7. ... Norman Collings Fletcher (born December 8, 1917) is an American architect who was a co-founder and partner of the architecual firm The Architects Collaborative (TAC), working there from 1945 until his retirement in 1989. ... is the 342nd day of the year (343rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar (see: 1917 Julian calendar). ... is the 151st day of the year (152nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ... Jean Bodman Fletcher was an architect who was a founding member of the Architects Collaborative. ... Year 1915 (MCMXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday[1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 256th day of the year (257th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1965 (MCMLXV) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full calendar) of the 1965 Gregorian calendar. ... John Cheesman Harkness (b. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Sarah Pillsbury Harkness is an architect. ... is the 189th day of the year (190th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Robert Sensman McMillan (1916-2000) was an architect who was one of the founders of The Architects Collaborative. ... is the 93rd day of the year (94th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... is the 73rd day of the year (74th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... Louis Albert McMillen (1916 - 1998) was an American architect who was one of the original founding partners of The Architects Collaborative with Walter Gropius and six other architects. ... is the 294th day of the year (295th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Also see: 2002 (number). ...

Way of working

This philosophy reflected Gropius' central preoccupation with the social responsibilities of architecture. The idea of "collaboration", which was the basis of TAC. It was carried out in that an entire group of architects have their input on a project, rather than putting an emphasis on individualism. There would be a "partner-in-charge", who would meet with clients and have the final decision of what goes into the design. Originally, each of the eight partners would hold weekly meetings on a Thursday to discuss their projects and be open to design input and ideas. However, as the firm grew larger there were many more peolple on a team and it was more difficult to consolidate into one group. Therefore, many other "groups" of architects within the firm were formed and carried out the same original objective.

Demise

Financial problems in the 1980's resulted in TAC being unable to pay expenses which they owed to BayBank and Harvard University, to which TAC's headquarters was sold to in 1988. TAC closed officially in April of 1995 In response, many archives and architectural libraries worked fast to retrieve TAC's drawings and records. The majority of these are now stored in the Rotch Library at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Harvard redirects here. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... “MIT” redirects here. ...

Legacy

TAC has been a notable landmark in the history of postwar modernism. For the most part the firm functioned as a team rather than on an individual basis, which was considered a unique method of architectural practice, which reflected Gropius' philosophy of warking collaboratively with others when he was a Bauhaus instructor in Germany prior to TAC. In later years, TAC was known as one of the first architects to design environmentally "green" buildings starting in the early 1980s. Two of the original eight founders, Norman Fletcher and John "Chip" Harkness stayed with TAC for its entire 50 year existence. Some architects say^{[citation needed]} that some of the aspects of TAC have influenced them in their architectural practice. For Christian theological modernism, see Liberal Christianity and Modernism (Roman Catholicism). ... For information about British gothic rock band, see Bauhaus (band). ... “Greens” redirects here. ...

Important works

• Six Moon Hill; Lexington, Massachusetts; 1947-1950
• Five Fields; Lexington, Massachusetts; 1951-1955
• Harvard Graduate Center; Cambridge, Massachusetts; 1949
• University of Baghdad; Baghdad, Iraq; 1957-1960
• Pan-American World Airways Building; New York, New York; 1958-1963 (with Emery Roth & Sons)
• Wayland High School; Wayland, Massachusetts; 1960, 1966 & 1972
• John Fitzgerald Kennedy Office Building; Boston, Massachusetts; 1961-1966
• Parkside Elementary School; Columbus, Indiana; 1962
• Rosenthal Porcelien Factory; Selb, Bavaria; 1965
• Tower East; Shaker Heights, Ohio; 1969
• AIA Headquarters Building; Washington, D.C.; 1973
• Health Sciences Expansion; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; 1974
• Bauhaus Archive; Berlin, Germany; 1976-1979
• Corporate Headquarters for CIGNA; Bloomfield, Connecticut; 1979-1984
• Embassy of the United States; Athens, Greece; 1959-1961 (with consulting architect Pericles A. Sakellarios)
• Shirley S. Okerstrom Fine Arts Building;Traverse City,MI:United States; 1972

Six Moon Hill is a residential community dwelling that was designed by The Architects Collaborative ( TAC ) and is located in Lexington, Massachusetts. ... Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1642 Incorporated 1713 Government  - Type Representative town meeting Area  - Total 16. ... Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1642 Incorporated 1713 Government  - Type Representative town meeting Area  - Total 16. ... Harkness Commons, also known as the Harvard Graduate Center, was commissioned of The Architects Collaborative by Harvard University in 1948. ... Location in Middlesex County in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country State County Middlesex Settled 1630 Incorporated 1636 Government  - Type Mayor-City Council  - Mayor Kenneth Reeves (D) Area  - Total 7. ... Baghdad University is the largest university in Baghdad, Iraq, established by legislation in 1958 and situated near the Tigris river. ... A street map of Baghdad Baghdad (بغداد) is the capital of Iraq and the Baghdad Province. ... The MetLife Building, originally called the Pan Am Building, is a skyscraper located at 200 Park Avenue in New York City. ... Midtown Manhattan, looking north from the Empire State Building, 2005 New York City (officially named the City of New York) is the most populous city in the state of New York and the entire United States. ... Emery Roth was an American architect. ... Wayland High School is a secondary school located at 264 Old Connecticut Path, in Wayland, MA; its principal is Charles P. Ruopp. ... Wayland is a town in Middlesex County, Massachusetts, United States. ... Boston redirects here. ... Parkside Elementary [1] is located at 5620 Smith Station Rd. ... Columbus (pronounced ) is the county seat of Bartholomew County, Indiana. ... There are communes and places that have the name Rosenthal (German for rose valley): // Places In Germany Rosenthal (Hesse) , in the Waldeck-Frankenberg district, Rosenthal (Lower Saxony), in the Peine district, A part of Rosenthal-Bielatal in the Sächsischen Schweiz district Rosenthal (Saxony) , a part of Ralbitz-Rosenthal Berlin... Selb is a town in Upper Franconia, Germany. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The American Institute of Architects (AIA) is a professional organization for architects in the United States. ... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... This article is about the oldest and largest campus of the University of Minnesota. ... Minneapolis redirects here. ... For other uses, see Berlin (disambiguation). ... CIGNA (NYSE: CI) is a Philadelphia-based insurance company, the oldest stock insurance company in the United States. ... Bloomfield is a town located in Hartford County, Connecticut. ... This article is about the capital of Greece. ...

References

• "The Architects Collaborative 1945-1965"
• "The Architects Collaborative Suspends Operations", Progressive Architecture, v76, June 1995.

External links

• Great Buildings Online: The Architects' Collaborative