NationMaster - Encyclopedia: The Army of Northern Virginia

The Army of Northern Virginia was the primary military force of the National Motto Deo Vindice ( Latin: Under God our Vindicator) Official language English de facto nationwide Various European and Native American languages regionallyweeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Capital Montgomery, Alabama February 4, 1861– May 29, 1861 Richmond, Virginia May 29, 1861– April 9, 1865 Danville, Virginia April 3– April 10, 1865fo realllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll... Confederate States of America during the The American Civil War was fought in the United States from 1861 until 1865 between the United States – forces coming mostly from the 23 northern states of the Union – and the newly-formed Confederate States of America, which consisted of 11 southern states that had declared their secession... American Civil War in the eastern theater. It was most often arrayed against the The Union was a name used by many to refer to the Northern states during the American Civil War. Besides the obvious fact that they were the remaining states left in the United States, the name seems also implied that the Southern states were disorganized, secessionist and separate. Since the... Union Generals Burnside, Hancock, Couch, Ferro, Patrick, Wilcox, Cochrane, Buford and others. Headquarters Army of the Potomac, November 10th 1862. The Army of the Potomac was the major Union Army in the Eastern Theatre of the American Civil War. History The Army of the Potomac was created in 1861, but was... Army of the Potomac during the Civil War.

The name Army of Northern Virginia referred to its primary area of operation, as did most This article is in need of attention. Please see its listing on Pages needing attention and improve it in any way you see fit. When the issues regarding this page have been resolved, remove this notice and the listing, but please do not remove this notice until the article has... Confederate States Army names. It included A regiment is a military unit, larger than a company and smaller than a division. Depending on mission, country of origin, and makeup, a modern regiment is similar to a brigade in size in that both range from a few hundred soldiers up to 2,000-3,000, depending on... regiments from all over the Confederacy, even those as far away as State nickname: Lone Star State Other U.S. States Capital Austin Largest city Houston Governor Rick Perry Official languages None Area 696,241 km² (2nd) - Land 678,907 km² - Water 17,333 km² (2.5%) Population (2000) - Population 20,851,820 (2nd) - Density 30... Texas and State nickname: The Natural State Other U.S. States Capital Little Rock Largest city Little Rock Governor Mike Huckabee Official languages English Area 137,732 km² (29th) - Land 134,856 km² - Water 2,876 km² (2.09%) Population (2000) - Population 2,673,400 (33rd) ... Arkansas. Militiamen from the The New Mexico Territory became an organized territory of the United States on September 9, 1850, and it existed until New Mexico became the 47th state on January 6, 1912. The western portion of New Mexico came from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, while the remainder of eastern... New Mexico and The Arizona Territory was an organized territory of the United States that existed between 1863 and 1912, as well as a territory of the Confederate States of America that existed from 1861 to 1865. The two territories were overlapping but not identical in boundary. As such, they played a significant... Arizona territories also served among its members.

The first commander of the Army of Northern Virginia was General Pierre Gustave Toutant de Beauregard Pierre Gustave Toutant de Beauregard (BOH-rih-gahrd) (May 28, 1818 – February 20, 1893), best known as a general for the Confederate States of America during the American Civil War, was also a writer, civil servant, and inventor. Beauregard was born in New Orleans... P.G.T. Beauregard, followed by Joseph Eggleston Johnston (February 3, 1807 - March 21, 1891) was a military officer in the Confederate Army during the American Civil War, whose effectiveness was undercut by tensions with President Jefferson Davis. Joseph E. Johnston Born in Farmville, Virginia, Johnston attended West Point, graduating with the Class of 1829. When... Joseph E. Johnston. But on June 1 is the 152nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (153rd in leap years), with 213 days remaining. Events 193 - Roman Emperor Marcus Didius is assassinated in his palace. 1283 - Treaty of Rheinfelden - Duke Rudolph II of Austria has to waive his right to the Duchies of... June 1, Events January-March January 10 - End of term for John Gately Downey, 7th Governor of California. He is succeeded by Amasa Leland Stanford. January 30 - The first American ironclad warship, the USS Monitor is launched. February 1 - Julia Ward Howes Battle Hymn of the Republic is published for the... 1862, its most famous, and final, leader, General For the author of Inherit the Wind and other works, see Robert Edwin Lee. Robert Edward Lee, as a U.S. Army Colonel before the war Robert Edward Lee (January 19, 1807–October 12, 1870) was a career army officer and the most successful general of the Confederate forces... Robert E. Lee, took command after Johnston was wounded at the Battle of Seven Pines Conflict American Civil War Date May 31 - June 1, 1862 Place Henrico County, Virginia Result Inconclusive The Battle of Seven Pines, also known as the Battle of Fair Oaks or Fair Oaks Station, took place from May 31 - June 1, 1862 in Henrico County, Virginia as... Battle of Seven Pines.

In the first year of his command, Lee had two principal subordinate commanders. The "right wing" of the army was under the command of Lieutenant General is a military rank used in many countries. A Lieutenant General ranks immediately below a General and above a Major General. In three branches of the United States military—the Army, Marines and Air Force—a Lieutenant General is a three-star general, named for the... Lieutenant General James Longstreet James Longstreet (January 8, 1821 – January 2, 1904) was one of the foremost generals of the American Civil War, and later enjoyed a successful post-war career working for the government of his former enemies, as a diplomat and administrator. Early Life Longstreet was born in Edgefield... James Longstreet and the left wing under Lieutentant General For the 1960s country music artist, see Stonewall Jackson (musician); for the submarine, see USS Stonewall Jackson (SSBN-634). Thomas Jonathan Stonewall Jackson (January 21, 1824–May 10, 1863) was an American teacher and soldier. He became a famous Confederate general during the American Civil War, and was killed... Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson. The Cavalry was led by Insignia of a United States Air Force Major General German Generalmajor Insignia Major General is a military rank used in many countries. It is derieved from the older rank of Sergeant Major General. A major general is a high-ranking officer subordinate to a full General. In the United States... Major General James Ewell Brown Stuart (February 6, 1833 – May 12, 1864) was an American soldier from Virginia. He was known to his friends as Jeb. Stuart was a cavalry commander known for his dashing image (red-lined gray cape, hat cocked to the side with a peacock feather, red flower... J.E.B. Stuart and the Reserve Artillery by A Brigadier General, or one-star general, is the lowest rank of general officer in the United States and some other countries, ranking just above Colonel and just below Major General. The rank is equivalent to the US Navy rank Rear Admiral (lower half), formerly and still in many other... Brigadier General William N. Pendleton. Following Jackson's death after the Battle of Chancellorsville Conflict American Civil War Date April 30 – May 6, 1863 Place Spotsylvania County Result Decisive Confederate victory The Battle of Chancellorsville was a major battle of the American Civil War in 1863. Called Lees perfect battle, it pitted U.S. Major General Joseph Hookers... Battle of Chancellorsville, Lee reorganized the army into three This article is about a military unit. For alternate meanings see Corps (disambiguation). A corps (a word that immigrated from the French language, but originating in the Latin corpus, corporis meaning body; plural same as singular) is a large military unit or formation. In many armies, it refers to a... corps, under Longstreet, Richard Stoddert Ewell (February 8, 1817 - January 25, 1872) was a Confederate military officer during the American Civil War. Ewell was born in Georgetown, D.C.. He graduated from West Point in 1840, thirteenth in his class. He was commissioned in the First Dragoons, then became a First Lieutenant in... Richard S. Ewell, and Ambrose Powell Hill (November 9, 1825 _ April 2, 1865), was a Confederate States of America general in the American Civil War. A. P. Hill, known to his soldiers as Little Powell, was born in Culpeper, Virginia, and graduated from the United States Military Academy in 1847, being appointed to... A.P. Hill. This three-corps arrangement lasted for the rest of the war, although commanders changed frequently in Events January - March January 21 - Maori Wars: The Tauranga Campaign starts. February 27 - American Civil War: The first Northern prisoners arrive at the Confederate prison at Andersonville, Georgia. March 1- Alejandro Mon Menéndez takes office as Prime Minister of Spain March 10 - American Civil War: The Red River Campaign... 1864 and 1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. Events January 31 - American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief. February - The Only known month in History without a Full moon. February 17 - American Civil War: Columbia, South Carolina burns as Confederate forces flee from advancing Union... 1865.

The Army fought in a number of battles, including:

Battle of Seven Pines Conflict American Civil War Date May 31 - June 1, 1862 Place Henrico County, Virginia Result Inconclusive The Battle of Seven Pines, also known as the Battle of Fair Oaks or Fair Oaks Station, took place from May 31 - June 1, 1862 in Henrico County, Virginia as... Battle of Seven Pines
Battle of Malvern Hill Conflict American Civil War Date July 1, 1862 Place Henrico County, Virginia Result Union victory The Battle of Malvern Hill, also known as the Battle of Poindexter’s Farm, took place on July 1, 1862 in Henrico County, Virginia as part of the Peninsula Campaign... Battle of Malvern Hill
Second Battle of Bull Run Conflict American Civil War Date August 28–30, 1862 Place Prince William County Result Confederate victory The Second Battle of Manassas, known as the Second Battle of Bull Run in the North, was a battle during the American Civil War. It began with an... Battle of Second Bull Run
Battle of Antietam Conflict American Civil War Date September 16–18, 1862 Place Near Sharpsburg, Maryland Result (Union strategic victory) The Battle of Antietam (known as the Battle of Sharpsburg in the South), fought on Wednesday, September 17, 1862 near Sharpsburg, Maryland, was the first major battle of the... Battle of Antietam
Battle of Fredericksburg Conflict American Civil War Date December 11–15, 1862 Place Spotsylvania County and Fredericksburg Result Confederate victory The Battle of Fredericksburg, fought on December 13, 1862 between General Robert E. Lees Army of Northern Virginia and the Army of the Potomac commanded by Maj. Gen... Battle of Fredericksburg
Battle of Chancellorsville Conflict American Civil War Date April 30 – May 6, 1863 Place Spotsylvania County Result Decisive Confederate victory The Battle of Chancellorsville was a major battle of the American Civil War in 1863. Called Lees perfect battle, it pitted U.S. Major General Joseph Hookers... Battle of Chancellorsville
Battle of Gettysburg Conflict American Civil War Date July 1–3, 1863 Place Adams County Result Union victory The Battle of Gettysburg ( July 1– 3, 1863), fought in and around the town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, as part of the Gettysburg Campaign, was the largest battle ever conducted in... Battle of Gettysburg
This article is about the Battle of the Wilderness in the American Civil War. For the French and Indian War battle, see Battle of the Wilderness 1755. Battle of the Wilderness Conflict American Civil War Date May 5–7, 1864 Place Spotsylvania County Result Inconclusive (Grant continued his offensive... Battle of the Wilderness
Battle of Spotsylvania Court House Conflict American Civil War Date May 8–21, 1864 Place Spotsylvania County Result Inconclusive (Grant continued his offensive) The Battle of Spotsylvania Court House, sometimes simply referred to as the Battle of Spotsylvania, was the second battle in Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grants... Battle of Spotsylvania Court House
Battle of Cold Harbor Conflict American Civil War Date May 31 – June 12, 1864 Place Hanover County Result Confederate victory The Battle of Cold Harbor, the third and final battle of United States Lieut. Gen. Ulysses S. Grants 1864 Overland Campaign in central Virginia during the American Civil... Battle of Cold Harbor
Troops in the Siege of Petersburg faced the usual siege armaments — projectiles of all shapes and sizes and attacks on fortifications — but the Union added underground explosives to the mix. Appomattox Manor served as Union army headquarters during the siege. The Siege of Petersburg (June 15, 1864 - April... Siege of Petersburg, including the Battle of the Crater Conflict American Civil War Date July 30, 1864 Place Petersburg, Virginia Result Confederate victory The Battle of the Crater was a battle of the American Civil War, part of the Siege of Petersburg. It took place on July 30, 1864 between the Army of Northern Virginia... Battle of the Crater

On April 9 is the 99th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (100th in leap years). There are 266 days remaining. Events up to 19th century 193 - Septimius Severus is proclaimed Roman Emperor by the army in Illyricum (in the Balkans). 1241 - Battle of Liegnitz: Mongol forces defeats the... April 9, 1865 is a common year starting on Sunday. Events January 31 - American Civil War: Confederate General Robert E. Lee becomes general-in-chief. February - The Only known month in History without a Full moon. February 17 - American Civil War: Columbia, South Carolina burns as Confederate forces flee from advancing Union... 1865, the Army of Northern Virginia surrendered to the Army of the Potomac at The court house The Appomattox Court House is a historic court house located in Appomattox, Virginia famous as the site of the surrender of the Confederate Army under Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865, effectively ending the American Civil War. The site is... Appomattox Court House, effectively ending the Civil War, with General Lee signing the papers of surrender to General Ulysses Simpson Grant ( April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was an American Civil War general and the 18th ( 1869– 1877) president of the United States. Grant won many important battles, rose to become general-in-chief of all Union armies, and is credited with winning the war. But... Ulysses S. Grant.

The army was noted for its aggressiveness and audacity, almost always pitted in battle against an opponent that outnumbered it, sometimes (such as at Antietam and Chancellorsville) two-to-one.

Robert E. Lee's Farewell to the Army of Northern Virginia showed his admiration of, and devotion to, his men:

After four years of arduous service, marked by unsurpassed courage and fortitude, the Army of Northern Virginia has been compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources.

I need not tell the survivors of so many hard-fought battles who have remained steadfast to the last that I have consented to this result from no distrust of them; but feeling that valor and devotion could accomplish nothing that could compensate for the loss that would have attended the continuance of the contest, I determined to avoid the useless sacrifice of those whose past services have endeared them to their countrymen. By the terms of the agreement, officers and men can return to their homes and remain until exchanged.

You may take with you the satisfaction that proceeds from the consciousness of duty faithfully performed, and I earnestly pray that a merciful God will extend to you his blessing and protection.

With an unceasing admiration of your constancy and devotion to your country, and a grateful remembrance of your kind and generous consideration of myself, I bid you all an affectionate farewell.