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The Art of War is a Chinese military treatise written during the 6th century BC by Sun Tzu. Composed of 13 chapters, each of which is devoted to one aspect of warfare, it has long been praised as the definitive work on military strategies and tactics of its time. For other uses, see Bamboo (disambiguation). ... The Qianlong Emperor (born Hongli, September 25, 1711 – February 7, 1799) was the fifth emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty, and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China. ... Traditional Chinese characters refers to one of two standard sets of printed Chinese characters. ... Simplified Chinese character (Simplified Chinese: or ; traditional Chinese: or ; pinyin: or ) is one of two standard sets of Chinese characters of the contemporary Chinese written language. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... Map of eastern China and Taiwan, showing the historic distribution of Mandarin Chinese in light brown. ... Pinyin, more formally called Hanyu Pinyin (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), is the most common variant of Standard Mandarin romanization system in use. ... Wade-Giles, sometimes abbreviated Wade, is a Romanization (phonetic notation and transliteration) system for the Chinese language based on Mandarin. ... This article is about all of the Cantonese (Yue) dialects. ... Jyutping (sometimes spelled Jyutpin) is a romanization system for Standard Cantonese developed by the Linguistic Society of Hong Kong (LSHK) in 1993. ... Image File history File links Zhongwen. ... Japanese name Kanji: Hiragana: Korean name Hangul: Hanja: Vietnamese name Quoc Ngu: Han Tu: A Chinese character or Han character (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: ) is a logogram used in writing Chinese, Japanese, sometimes Korean, and formerly Vietnamese. ... Look up Treatise in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... (2nd millennium BC - 1st millennium BC - 1st millennium) The 6th century BC started on January 1, 600 BC and ended on December 31, 501 BC. // Monument 1, an Olmec colossal head at La Venta The 5th and 6th centuries BC were a time of empires, but more importantly, a time... Sun Tzu (孫子 also commonly written in pinyin: Sūn Zǐ) was the author of The Art of War, an influential ancient Chinese book on military strategy (for the most part not dealing directly with tactics). ... For other uses, see War (disambiguation). ... This article is about real and historical warfare. ...

The Art of War is one of the oldest books on military strategy in the world. Like a work of mathematics or science, much of the work is dedicated to defining its concepts in what has been described as a series of formulas. It is the first and one of the most successful works on strategy and has had a huge influence on Eastern and Western military thinking, business tactics, and beyond. Sun Tzu was the first to recognize the importance of positioning in strategy and that position is affected both by objective conditions in the physical environment and the subjective opinions of competitive actors in that environment. He taught that strategy was not planning in the sense of working through a to-do list, instead it requires quickly responding appropriately to changing conditions. Planning works in a controlled environment, but in a competitive environment, competing plans collide creating situations that no one plans.

The book was first translated into a European language in 1782 by French Jesuit Jean Joseph Marie Amiot, and had possibly influenced Napoleon,^[1] and even the planning of Operation Desert Storm.^[2][3] Leaders as diverse as Mao Zedong, General Pervez Musharraf, Vo Nguyen Giap, and General Douglas MacArthur have claimed to have drawn inspiration from the work. 1782 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Society of Jesus (Latin: Societas Iesu), commonly known as the Jesuits, is a Roman Catholic religious order. ... Jean Joseph Marie Amiot (1718 - 1793), a French Jesuit missionary, was born at Toulon in February 1718. ... Napoléon I, Emperor of the French (born Napoleone di Buonaparte, changed his name to Napoléon Bonaparte)[1] (15 August 1769; Ajaccio, Corsica – 5 May 1821; Saint Helena) was a general during the French Revolution, the ruler of France as First Consul (Premier Consul) of the French Republic from... Combatants U.S.-led coalition Iraq Commanders George H. W. Bush, Norman Schwarzkopf, Colin Powell Saddam Hussein, Ali Hassan Al-Majid, Hussein Kamel Strength 660,000 ~545,000 Casualties 345 dead, 1,000 wounded 25,000 - 100,000 dead, 100,000 - 300,000 wounded The 1991 Gulf War (also Persian... Mao redirects here. ... This does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... General Pervez Musharraf (Urdu: ) (born August 11, 1943) is President of Pakistan and the Chief of Army Staff of the Pakistan Army who came to power in wake of a coup detat. ... General Võ Nguyên Giáp (born circa 1912[1]) Vietnamese general and statesman. ... This article is about the American general; for the municipality in the Philippines, see General MacArthur, Eastern Samar. ...

The Art of War has also been applied, with much success, to business and managerial strategies.^[4][5] In economics, a business is a legally-recognized organizational entity existing within an economically free country designed to sell goods and/or services to consumers, usually in an effort to generate profit. ...

The 13 chapters

• The first chapter, "Planning," explores the five key elements that define competitive position (mission, climate, ground, leadership, and methods) and how to evaluate your competitive strengths against your competition.
• "Going to War" explains the economic nature of competition and how success requires making winning pay, which in turn, requires limiting the cost of competition and conflict.
• "Planning the Attack" defines the source of strength as unity, not size, and the five ingredients that you need to succeed in any competitive situation.
• "Positioning" explains the importance of defending existing positions until you can advance them and how you must recognize opportunities, not try to create them.
• "Force" explores the use of creativity and timing to build your competitive momentum.
• "Weakness and Strength" explains how your opportunities come from the openings in the environment caused by the relative weakness of your competitors in a given area.
• "Armed Conflict" explains the dangers of direct conflict and how to win those confrontations when they are forced upon you.
• "Adapting to the Situation" focuses on the need for flexibility in your responses. It explains how to respond to shifting circumstances successfully.
• "Armed March" describes the different situations in which you find yourselves as you move into new competitive arenas and how to respond to them. Much of it focuses on evaluating the intentions of others.
• "Field Position" looks the three general areas of resistance (distance, dangers, and barriers) and the a six types of ground positions that arise from them. Each of these six field positions offers certain advantages and disadvantages.
• "Nine Terrain" describes nine common situations (or stages) in a competitive campaign, from scattering to deadly, and the specific focus you need to successfully navigate each of them.
• "Attacking with Fire" explains the use of weapons generally and the use of the environment as a weapon specifically. It examines the five targets for attack, the five types of environmental attack, and the appropriate responses to such attack.
• "Using Spies" focuses on the importance of developing good information sources, specifically the five types of sources and how to manage them.

Annotations

A modern edition of The Art of War translated into English by Samuel B. Griffith.

Before the bamboo scroll version was discovered by archaeologists in April 1972, the most cited version of The Art of War was the Annotation of Sun Tzu's Strategies by Cao Cao, the founder of the Kingdom of Wei. In the preface, he wrote that previous annotations were not focused on the essential ideas. Other annotations cited in official history books include Shen You (176-204)'s Sun Tzu's Military Strategy, Jia Xu's Copy of Sun Tzu's Military Strategy, Cao Cao and Wang Ling's Sun Tzu's Military Strategy. Image File history File links ArtofWar. ... Image File history File links ArtofWar. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Brigidier General Samuel B. Griffith (May 31, 1906 - March 27, 1983), was an officer and commander in the United States Marine Corps. ... The Yinqueshan Han Slips (Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) are ancient Chinese writing tablets, made of bamboo strips, were discovered in 1972. ... Cáo Cāo (155 – March 15, 220, pronounced Tsau Tsau) was a regional warlord and the second last Chancellor of the Eastern Han Dynasty who rose to great power during its final years in ancient China. ... The Kingdom of Wei (ch. ... Jia Xu (147 - 224 AD) was an advisor to the Wei Kingdom. ... Wang Ling (Chinese character: 王凌; Pinyin: Wáng Líng) was an officer serving under the Kingdom of Wei during the Three Kingdoms Period of China. ...

The Book of Sui documented seven books named after Sun Tzu. An annotation by Du Mu also includes Cao Cao's annotation. Li Jing's The Art of War is said to be a revision of Sun Tzu's strategies. Annotations by Cao Cao, Du Mu and Li Quan were translated into Tangut language before 1040 AD. The Sui Dynasty (隋朝 Hanyu Pinyin: suí cháo, 581-618) followed the Southern and Northern Dynasties and preceded the Tang Dynasty in China. ... Du Mu (杜牧, pinyin: Dù Mù, 803 - 852) was a leading realistic Chinese poet of the late Tang dynasty. ... Li Jing (李靖, pinyin: Lǐ Jìng, real name: 药师, pinyin: Yào ShÄ«, C.E. 571-649,) was a real-life Tang Dynasty general who has been assimilated into Chinese mythology. ... Tangut (also Xixia or Hsi-Hsia) is an ancient northerneastern Tibeto-Burman language once spoken in the Tangut Empire. ...

After the movable type printer was invented, The Art of War (with Cao Cao's annotations) was published as a military text book, known as Seven Military Classics with six other strategy books. A book named Ten Schools of The Art of War Annotations was published before 1161 AD.^{[citation needed]} The printing press is a mechanical device for printing many copies of a text on rectangular sheets of paper. ... The Seven Military Classics of China were seven important military texts of ancient China which included Sun-tzus The Art of War. ...

As a required reading military textbook since the Song Dynasty, Seven Military Classics (武經七書) has many annotations. More than 30 differently annotated versions of this book exist today. Northern Song in 1111 AD Capital Kaifeng (960–1127) Linan (1127–1276) Language(s) Chinese Religion Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism Government Monarchy Emperor  - 960-976 Emperor Taizu  - 1126–1127 Emperor Qinzong  - 1127–1162 Emperor Gaozong  - 1278–1279 Emperor Bing History  - Zhao Kuangyin taking over the throne of the Later Zhou...

Vernacular Chinese became increasingly popular in the late 1920s. Annotations in Vernacular Chinese began to appear after this time. Some of these works were translated from other languages, such as Japanese.^{[citation needed]} Vernacular Chinese (pinyin: báihuà; Wade-Giles: paihua) is a style or register of the written Chinese language essentially modeled after the spoken language and associated with Standard Mandarin. ...

The two most common traditional Chinese versions of the Art of War, (the Complete Specialist Focus and Military Bible versions) were the sources for early translation into English and other languages. It was not until the 1970s that these works were compiled with more recent archeological discoveries into a single more complete version in Taipei. The resulting work is known as the Complete Version of Sun Tzu's Art of War for the National Defense Research Investigation Office has been the source for more recent and complete translations.

Quotations

Verses from the book occur in modern daily Chinese idioms and phrases, such as the last verse of Chapter 3: Four-character idioms, or chéng yǔ (成語, literally to become (part of) the language) are widely used in 文言 wényán. ...

故曰：知彼知己，百戰不殆；不知彼而知己，一勝一負；不知彼，不知己，每戰必敗

So it is said that if you know your enemies and know yourself, you will win a hundred times in a hundred battles.
If you only know yourself, but not your opponent, you win one and lose the next.
If you do not know yourself or your enemy, you will always lose.

This has been more tersely interpreted and condensed into the modern proverb:

知己知彼 百戰不殆 (Original Text) 知己知彼, 百戰百勝

If you know both yourself and your enemy, you will come out of one hundred battles with one hundred victories.

Similar verses have also been borrowed -- in a manner construing skillfulness as victory "without fighting" -- for example:

（是故）百戰百勝，非善之善者也；不戰而屈人之兵，善之善者也

Therefore One hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the most skillful. Seizing the enemy without fighting is the most skillful.

War is of vital importance to the state and should not be engaged carelessly

Military applications

In many East Asian countries, The Art of War was part of the syllabus for potential candidates of military service examinations. Various translations are available. East Asia Geographic East Asia. ... This article describes a type of political entity. ...

During the Sengoku era in Japan, a daimyo named Takeda Shingen (1521-1573) is said to have become almost invincible in all battles without relying on guns, because he studied The Art of War.^[6] The book even gave him the inspiration for his famous battle standard "Fūrinkazan" (Wind, Forest, Fire and Mountain), meaning fast as the wind, silent as a forest, ferocious as fire and immovable as a mountain.^[7] The Sengoku Period (戦国時代 Sengoku jidai) or warring-states period, is a period of long civil war in the History of Japan that spans through the middle 15th to the early 17th centuries. ... Daimyo Matsudaira Katamori visits the residence of a retainer. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article is about the video game. ... FÅ«rinkazan (Japanese: ふうりんかざん, kanji:風林火山), literally Wind, Forest, Fire and Mountain, was the battle flag used by a Sengoku period daimyo named Takeda Shingen, quoting The Art of War: Move as swift as a wind, stay as silent as forest, attack fierce like fire, unmovable defence like a mountain. ...

The translator Samuel B. Griffith offers a chapter on "Sun Tzu and Mao Tse-Tung" where The Art of War is cited as influencing Mao's On Guerilla Warfare, On the Protracted War, and Strategic Problems of China's Revolutionary War and includes Mao's quote: "We must not belittle the saying in the book of Sun Wu Tzu, the great military expert of ancient China, 'Know your enemy and know yourself and you can fight a thousand battles without disaster.'"^[8] Brigidier General Samuel B. Griffith (May 31, 1906 - March 27, 1983), was an officer and commander in the United States Marine Corps. ...

During the Vietnam War, some Vietcong officers studied The Art of War, and reportedly could recite entire passages from memory. Combatants Republic of Vietnam United States Republic of Korea Thailand Australia New Zealand The Philippines National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam Democratic Republic of Vietnam People’s Republic of China Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Strength US 1,000,000 South Korea 300,000 Australia 48,000... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

The Department of the Army in the United States, through its Command and General Staff College, has directed all units to maintain libraries within their respective headquarters for the continuing education of personnel in the art of war. The Art of War is specifically mentioned by name as an example of works to be maintained at each individual unit, and staff duty officers are obliged to prepare short papers for presentation to other officers on their readings.^[9]

Applicability outside the military

Since at least the 1980s, The Art of War has been applied to fields well outside the military. Much of the text is about how to fight wars without actually having to do battle: it gives tips on how to outsmart one's opponent so that physical battle is not necessary. As such, it has found application as a training guide for many competitive endeavors that do not involve actual combat.

The book has gained popularity in corporate culture; there have been a variety of business books written applying its lessons to "office politics" and corporate strategy.^{[citation needed]} Many Japanese companies make the book required reading for their key executives.^{[citation needed]} The book is also popular among Western business management, who have turned to it for inspiration and advice on how to succeed in competitive business situations.^{[citation needed]} office politics is a slang term for the often counterproductive human factors present between coworkers, in an office environment in the private or public sector. ... Management (from Old French ménagement the art of conducting, directing, from Latin manu agere to lead by the hand) characterises the process of leading and directing all or part of an organization, often a business, through the deployment and manipulation of resources (human, financial, material, intellectual or intangible). ...

The Art of War has also been the subject of various law books ^[10][11] and legal articles on the trial process, including negotiation tactics^[12][13] and trial strategy.^{[14][15][16] [17][18][19]}

It has also crept its way into sport: Australian cricket coach John Buchanan handed out excerpts from the book to his players before a match against England in 2001, and the book is allegedly a favorite of University of South Carolina football head coach Steve Spurrier. Bowler Shaun Pollock bowls to batsman Michael Hussey. ... John Marshall Buchanan (born April 5, 1953 in Ipswich, Queensland) is the current Australian cricket team coach. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Year 2001 (MMI) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 2001 Gregorian calendar). ... The University of South Carolina, Columbia (USC or Carolina) is a public, co-educational, research university located in Columbia, South Carolina, United States. ... United States simply as football, is a competitive team sport that is both fast-paced and strategic. ... Stephen Orr Spurrier (born April 20, 1945 in Miami Beach, Florida) is a former American football player and currently the head coach of the University of South Carolina football team. ...

Former Brazilian football coach, and current coach of the Portuguese national football team Luiz Felipe Scolari uses the book to plot his football strategy. In the 2002 FIFA World Cup he gave each of his players copies. In the recent 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany he used the book to plan his team's win against England.^[20] Most recently (September 2007), it has crept its way onto the small screen - participants in the popular TV Reality show Survivor: China have been given a copy, as a source of strategy and advice for the tribes. A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ... Luiz Felipe Maniac Scolari, ComIH (born November 9, 1948 in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil), also known as Felipão (Big Phil), is a Brazilian football coach, who led the Brazilian national team to victory in the 2002 World Cup. ...

It has found use in political campaigning as well; Republican election strategist Lee Atwater claimed he travelled everywhere with it.^[21] A political campaign is an effort to reach a certain political goal. ... Harvey Leroy Lee Atwater (February 26, 1951 – March 29, 1991) was an American Republican political consultant and strategist. ...

Some have also interpreted The Art of War as providing methods for developing social strategies, such as social relationships, maintaining romantic relationships, and seduction.^{[citation needed]} The book stresses subtlety and always making it appear like one is trying to achieve something other than one's actual intention.

The use of individual quotations from the book as a source of fortune cookie-like proverbs and not seeing the general coherence of the text has been criticized by many scholars of Chinese history.^{[citation needed]} Fortune Cookies redirects here. ... China is the worlds oldest continuous major civilization, with written records dating back about 3,500 years and with 5,000 years being commonly used by Chinese as the age of their civilization. ...

The book has also gained influence among players of strategy games, including TCGs, collectible miniatures games, and real-time strategy games.^{[citation needed]} Strategy games are typically board games, video or computer games with the players decision-making skills having a high significance in determining the outcome. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Collectible Miniatures Games or CMGs are a form of miniature wargaming that is also similar to Collectible Card Games (CCGs) — the primary difference being that while CCGs are card-based games, CMGs feature miniatures. ... A real-time strategy (RTS) video game is one that is distinctly not turn-based. ...

Related material

Sun Tzu is attributed with having a grandson Sun Bin who wrote another treatise on military strategy often called "The Lost Art of War" or "The Art of Warfare". Sun Bin or Sun Pin as he is sometimes called is also known as Sun Tzu II. The following are some published texts in this area: Sun Bin (孫臏; pinyin: Sūn Bìn; d. ... Look up Treatise in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

• Sun Tzu II translated by Thomas Cleary (1996). The Lost Art of War. Harper Collins Publisher (Under HarperSanFrancisco. ISBN 0-06-251361-3. This book by Thomas Cleary is a translation of the sequel to Sun Tzu's classic strategic manual.

• Sun Pin translated by Ralph D. Sawyer (1995). Military Methods of the Art of War. Barnes & Noble. ISBN 0-7607-0650-6. This book by Ralph Sawyer is a translation of work written by the purported great-grandson of Sun Tzu in the 4th Century.

• Mastering the Art of War - Memoirs and notes by famous Chinese military strategists Zhuge Liang and Liu Ji. This book details Zhuge and Liu's personal opinions and comments regarding Sun Tzu's The Art of War. Translated by Thomas Cleary.

This is a Chinese name; the family name is Zhuge (諸葛) Zhuge Liang (181 - 234) was one of the greatest Chinese strategists of the Three Kingdoms period, as well as a statesman, engineer, scholar, and inventor. ... Liu Ji (Chinese: 刘基, courtesy name Bowen (伯温)) (1311-1375) was a Chinese military strategist and statesman in the Ming dynasty. ...

Depiction in media

"The Art of War" has been frequently mentioned in popular media such as film and television. Below are a few examples of this.

Print

• In G I Joe Special Missions # 14 and 15, a small team of Joes is sent to Tibet to retrieve a CIA agent who has gone rogue and is now leading Tibetan freedom fighters in their fight to expel Han Chinese troops. This rogue agent has a copy of The Art of War whose principles he applies. It is passed on to his successor when he dies.
• A parody is mentioned in Terry Pratchett's Discworld novel Jingo and Interesting Times

Cover of G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero #1, published by Marvel Comics Since its debut in 1982, the comic book history of G.I. Joe has seen three separate publishers and four main-title series, all of which have been based off of the Hasbro toyline of the... This article is about historical/cultural Tibet. ... The CIA Seal The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) is an American intelligence agency, responsible for obtaining and analyzing information about foreign governments, corporations, and individuals, and reporting such information to the various branches of the U.S. Government. ... Terence David John Pratchett OBE (born April 28, 1948, in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, England[1]) is an English fantasy author, best known for his Discworld series. ... This article is about the novels. ... Jingo is a novel by Terry Pratchett, one of his phenomenally popular Discworld series. ...

Theatre

• The Art of War, by Stephen Jeffreys, is a dramatic interpretation incorporating recitations from the text with the telling of two stories: one of a US commander in the Iraq War and the other of a group of Australian company executives. The play was specially commissioned by the Sydney Theatre Company for their resident "Actor's Company" of twelve actors. It was first performed in May 2007.

The Sydney Theatre Company (STC) is one of Australias most well-known and notable theatre companies operating from the Wharf Theatre near The Rocks area of Sydney, as well as the Sydney Theatre and the Sydney Opera House. ...

Film

• In the 1987 film Wall Street, the main antagonist, Gordon Gekko (played by Michael Douglas), says: "I don't throw darts at a board. I bet on sure things. Read Sun-tzu, The Art of War. Every battle is won before it is ever fought." His protegé, Bud (played by Charlie Sheen), comes back after reading the text and says: "All warfare is based on deception. If your enemy is superior, evade him. If angry, irritate him. If equally matched, fight and if not: split and re-evaluate," to which Gekko smiles in approval.

• The 2000 Wesley Snipes film The Art of War was named after the book. Snipes is also seen (as a different character) reading the book in his 1992 movie Passenger 57.

• The protagonist, played by Forest Whitaker, in the 1999 film Ghost Dog: The Way of the Samurai makes frequent reference to the text, as well as the Hagakure, upon which he bases his philosophy.

• A passage from the Art of War is recited in the James Bond film Die Another Day by Colonel Tan-Sun Moon and General Moon in the final scenes of the film. The book itself also appears during the fight between Miranda Frost and Jinx.

• The 2003 movie Gigli quotes many of the philosophies in this book.

• In the 1996 movie The Rock, a copy of the book can be seen in the bedside of the main character (John Patrick Mason), who is a well-trained spy/killer escaped from Alcatraz Prison, played by Sean Connery.

• In the 2001 film Cowboy Bebop: The Movie, the character Spike Spiegel angrily shouts at another character "Don't pull that Art of War crap on me!"

This article is about the 1987 film. ... Gordon Gekko, portrayed by Michael Douglas. ... For other people bearing this name, see Michael Douglas (disambiguation) Michael Kirk Douglas (born September 25, 1944) is an American actor and producer, primarily in movies and television. ... Charles Irwin Sheen (born September 3, 1965 as Carlos Irwin Estévez ) is a Golden Globe Award-winning and Emmy-nominated American actor. ... Wesley Trent Snipes (born July 31, 1962) is an American actor, martial artist and film producer. ... The Art of War is an American action movie. ... Passenger 57 is a 1992 action film starring Wesley Snipes and Bruce Payne. ... Forest Steven Whitaker (born July 15, 1961) is an American actor, producer, and director. ... Ghost Dog - The Way of the Samurai is a 1999 film directed by Jim Jarmusch. ... Cover of The Book of the Samurai Hagakure (Kyūjitai: 葉隱; Shinjitai: ; meaning In the Shadow of Leaves), or Hagakure Kikigaki () is a practical and spiritual guide for a warrior, drawn from a collection of commentaries by the samurai, Yamamoto Tsunetomo, former retainer to Nabeshima Mitsushige, the third ruler of what... 007 redirects here. ... For the theme song of the same movie, performed by Madonna, see Die Another Day (song). ... Sir Gustav Graves KBE is a fictional character in the James Bond film Die Another Day, played by Toby Stephens. ... Miranda Frost is a fictional character in the James Bond film Die Another Day. ... Giacinta Jinx Johnson is a fictional character in the James Bond film Die Another Day. ... Gigli (IPA ) is a film released in 2003 which was written and directed by Martin Brest, starring Ben Affleck and Jennifer Lopez, Al Pacino, Christopher Walken, and Lainie Kazan. ... The Rock (1996) is an action movie that primarily takes place on Alcatraz Island, and the San Francisco Bay area. ... Alcatraz Island is located in the middle of San Francisco Bay in California. ... Sir Thomas Sean Connery (born 25 August 1930) is a retired Scottish actor and producer who is perhaps best known as the first actor to portray James Bond in cinema, starring in seven Bond films. ... Spike Spiegel as seen in Cowboy Bebop: The Movie. ...

Television

• In the 2003 animated adaptation of the 'Teen Titans' comic book series, General Immortus quotes the text in the episode 'The Homecoming: Part 2', where he observes the Doom Patrol crossing a vast desert and calls to mind the verse "Strike when your enemy is at his weakest, when he is mired in self-doubt, and your victory will be assured." He also later remarks that Sun Tzu was "one of (his) best students".

• The Art of War is referenced multiple times as a tool for business strategy in Smallville

• The Art of War also figures prominently in the plot of the Star Trek: The Next Generation episode, "The Last Outpost". When the Enterprise is captured helpless in orbit of a planet, Commander Riker says "He will triumph who knows when to fight, and when not to fight". Captain Picard answers that he is glad that The Art of War is still being taught at Starfleet Academy. On the planet surface, the T'Kon Empire portal guardian renders the last verse of Chapter 3 as "Know your enemy and know yourself, and you will always be victorious."

• In the anime 'Grenadier - The Senshi of Smiles', Rushuna and her nation hold the policy of winning by dissolving an enemy's will to fight and thus avoiding combat altogether as the ultimate battle strategy.

• In the Futurama episode "Love's Labour's Lost In Space", Zapp Brannigan, when learning that an enemy ship is heading right for him, says "A well calculated move... straight out of Sun Tzu's ancient text, The Art of War... or my own master work, Zapp Brannigan's Big Book of War."

• In one episode of the science fiction show Firefly, references are made in regard to a criminal mastermind, who applies some principles of torture onto his victims.

• Tony Soprano, the lead character in The Sopranos, praises the utility of The Art of War in a number of episodes. And in a session with his therapist Dr. Melphi she mentions the book sarcastically "you wanna be a better gang leader, read The Art of War by Sun Tzu".^[22]

• For Survivor: China, producers gave both tribes a copy of the book for gameplay.

• In the 2005 reality TV show The Contender, boxer Sergio Mora complemented his physical training by studying The Art of War at his bedside during down-time. On camera, he cited the book as a major inspiration for his battles in the ring. Mora went on to defeat fellow Contender Peter Manfredo, and became the Contender Champion.

The Teen Titans, also known as “The New Teen Titans”, “New Titans”, or “The Titans”, a DC Comics superhero team. ... General Immortus is a DC Comics villain. ... The Doom Patrol is an idiosyncratic DC Comics superhero team. ... Sun Tzu (孫子 also commonly written in pinyin: Sūn Zǐ) was the author of The Art of War, an influential ancient Chinese book on military strategy (for the most part not dealing directly with tactics). ... The title as it appeared in most episodes opening credits. ... The Last Outpost is a first season episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. ... The USS Enterprise (NCC-1701-D) (or Enterprise-D, to distinguish it from prior starships with the same name) is a 24th century starship in the Star Trek fictional universe and the principal setting of the Star Trek: The Next Generation television series. ... This article is about the Star Trek character. ... Jean-Luc Picard is a fictional human Star Trek character portrayed by actor Patrick Stewart. ... The official logo of Starfleet Academy, circa 2370. ... “Animé” redirects here. ... Grenadier - The Senshi of Smiles (グレネーダー ～ほほえみの閃士～) is a twelve episode anime series which aired on Japanese television in late 2004, and was licenced by Media Blasters and distributed in America by AnimeWorks. ... The following is a list of characters from the Japanese anime Grenadier - The Senshi of Smiles. ... This article is about the television series. ... Major General Webelo Zapp Brannigan is a fictional character in the television series Futurama. ... Sun Tzu (孫子 also commonly written in pinyin: Sūn Zǐ) was the author of The Art of War, an influential ancient Chinese book on military strategy (for the most part not dealing directly with tactics). ... Major General Webelo Zapp Brannigan is a fictional character in the television series Futurama. ... For the science fiction television series, see Firefly (TV series). ... Information Aliases Ron Spears, Kevin Finnerty, Mr. ... This article is about the television series. ... Sergio The Latin Snake Mora (b. ... Mora can mean: Cameroon Mora, Cameroon Costa Rica Mora Canton Portugal Mora, Portugal Sweden Mora, Sweden - a municipality of Dalarna County in Sweden Mora Court District - a district of Dalecarlia in Sweden United States Mora, Minnesota, United States Mora County, New Mexico, United States Mora (linguistics): A unit of sound... Peter Manfredo Jr. ...

Video games

• Brøderbund Software published two games based on Sun Tzu's The Art of War. The first, entitled The Ancient Art of War, and the second, The Ancient Art of War at Sea. They are primarily simulation games, incorporating elements of strategy, geography and adventure. They were released on a number of computer platforms including Apple II (First title only), Macintosh, and DOS. The first title was written by Ronald G. Helms.

• In Sid Meier's Civilization computer game series, "Sun Tsu's Art of War" or "Military Academy" is one of the fictional "World Wonders" that can be created, giving the owner several temporary military advantages.

• A second Sid Meier simulation, Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri, uses an excerpt from The Art of War as a narrative explanation of military intelligence gathering during a cutscene for the construction of a specific secret project.

• In the Total War series computer and video games, by The Creative Assembly, much of the AI in the earlier (and to some extent, later) games in the series were programmed based on Sun Tzu's stratagems in The Art of War. Passages from the book were also quoted on the Rome: Total War loading screens and were frequently mentioned in Shogun: Total War.

• In Deus Ex, several excerpts from the book can be found throughout the game.

• In the Dynasty Warriors video game series Art of War is an item that increases the time of attack and defense upgrades and also extends the length of musou. In the game Dynasty Tactics Sun Tzu is a general available to Wu.

• In Voyage Century Online Sun Tzu's The Art of War is a special treasure used to gain reputation. It is the greatest treasure in the game for reputation, giving 110,940 points.^[23]

• In the video game adaptation for Batman Begins, the entrance to a secret cache of Bat-weapons is activated by the bookshelf with the book The Art of War

Brøderbund Software was a maker of computer games, educational software and the Print Shop productivity tools. ... The Ancient Art of War is a computer game published by Broderbund in 1984. ... A screenshot from The Sims: Deluxe Edition. ... The Apple II was one of the most popular personal computers of the 1980s. ... For other uses, see Macintosh (disambiguation) and Mac. ... This article is about the family of closely related operating systems for the IBM PC compatible platform. ... Sidney K. Meier (born 1954 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American programmer and designer of some of the most commercially and critically successful computer strategy games of all time. ... Sid Meiers Civilization is a turn based strategy computer game created by Sid Meier for MicroProse in 1991. ... Sidney K. Meier (born 1954 in Detroit, Michigan) is an American programmer and designer of some of the most commercially and critically successful computer strategy games of all time. ... “SMAC” redirects here. ... Total war is a military conflict in which nations mobilize all available resources in order to destroy another nations ability to engage in war. ... Creative Assembly logo Creative Assembly (officially The Creative Assembly Ltd) is a British video game developer established on 28 August 1987 by Tim Ansell, best known for their Total War strategy games series (Composed of Shogun, Medieval, Rome and the forthcoming Medieval 2: Total War) and some sports games developed... // This disambiguation page covers alternative uses of the terms Ai, AI, and A.I. Ai (as a word, proper noun and set of initials) can refer to many things. ... Rome: Total War is a grand strategy computer game where players fight historical and fictious battles during the era of the Roman Republic, from 270 BCE to 14 CE. The game was developed by Creative Assembly and released on September 22, 2004. ... Shogun: Total War Categories: Computer and video game stubs | Real-time strategy computer games ... This article is about the video game. ... The Logo of Shin Sangokumusou 5 (Dynasty Warriors 6) Dynasty Warriors ( 真・三國無双:Shin Sangokumusou in Japan; literally meaning True - Unrivaled Three Kingdoms) is a series of video games created by Koei based loosely around the Romance of the Three Kingdoms epic, and is a spinoff series of another Koei game Romance... Voyage Century Online (航海世纪/王者世紀) is a free nautical MMORPG published by IGG, the distributors of Myth War Online. ... Sun Tzu (孫子 also commonly written in pinyin: Sūn Zǐ) was the author of The Art of War, an influential ancient Chinese book on military strategy (for the most part not dealing directly with tactics). ... For the novel based on the film, see Batman Begins (novelization). ...

Music

• Bone Thugs-n-Harmony released a double disc album entitled The Art of War with a guest appearance by the late Tupac Shakur
• 30 Seconds to Mars (an American Progressive-Rock band) quotes lines from the book at the end of their debut self-titled CD released 2002 by Virgin Records.
• The War of Art Title of the major label debut album by acclaimed industrial metal act American Head Charge produced by Rick Rubin.
• Chinese American rapper Jin quotes the book in a song from his album The Rest Is History.
• Dead Prez mention The Art of War in their lyrics on occasion, for example on "Assassination" from Let's Get Free.
• At the Drive-In quote Sun Tzu in their song "arcarsenal" with the phrase "uproar east, strike west".
• 'Art of War' is the name of a Melbourne based Australian Hip Hop Crew released on Obese records
• Talib Kweli released a song in 2004 where the lyrics read, " i will practice the The Art of War with you like Sun Tzu.
• The Polish Death Metal band Vader (band) released an EP titled 'The Art of War' in 2005.
• The title of the 2001 Manic Street Preachers album Know Your Enemy is a reference to The Art of War.
• Akira the Don references 'The Art of War' in his song 'Living in the Future'.
• Raekwon of the Wu-Tang Clan alludes to 'Art of War' in the song "Incarcerated Scarfaces" with the line, "Wanna battle for cash and see who's Sun-Tzu?"

Bone Thugs-n-Harmony is an American rap group from Cleveland, Ohio, best known for their high pace rapping style and harmonizing vocals. ... Tupac Amaru Shakur (June 16, 1971 – September 13, 1996), also known by his stage names 2Pac, Makaveli, or simply as Pac, was an American artist renowned for his rap music, movie roles, poetry, and his social activism. ... 30 Seconds to Mars (or Thirty Seconds to Mars) is an alternative rock band from Los Angeles, California, featuring actor Jared Leto as the lead vocalist. ... The War of Art is the 2001 critically acclaimed sophomore release by the Industrial Metal band American Head Charge. ... Industrial metal is a musical genre which draws elements from industrial music and heavy metal music. ... American Head Charge (often referred to as Head Charge or abbreviated AHC) are an industrial metal and nu-metal band from Minneapolis, Minnesota USA, earning nominations at the Kerrang! Awards on two occasions. ... Frederick Jay (Rick) Rubin (born March 10, 1963 in Lido Beach, New York) is an American record producer and is currently the co-head of Columbia Records. ... Jin may refer to: In Chinese history: Jin (廑), a ruler of the Xia dynasty (2033 BC–1562 BC) Jin (state) (746 BC-403 BC) (晉), a state in northern China during the Spring and Autumn Period Jin Dynasty, used to refer to a number of Chinese dynastic kingdoms: Jìn Dynasty... The Rest Is History is Jins first album. ... Dead Prez is a critically acclaimed underground hip-hop duo of alternative rappers stic. ... Lets Get Free is the debut album by the alternative hip hop duo dead prez, released on February 8, 2000 (see 2000 in music) on Loud Records. ... At the Drive-In was an American band from El Paso, Texas that existed from 1993 to 2001. ... Obese Records is Australias largest and most successful Hip-Hop record company. ... Talib Kweli (born Talib Kweli Greene in Brooklyn, New York City on October 3, 1975) is an American MC from Brooklyn, New York. ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Manic Street Preachers (often known colloquially as The Manics) are a Welsh rock band often associated with the Britpop scene, who gained mainstream popularity in the UK in the late 1990s. ... Know Your Enemy is a hardcore punk band from the New York City area. ... Akira The Don (born Adam Narkiewicz) is an independent welsh rap artist who has featured on numberous websites including newgrounds and occasionally on the radio (e. ... Raekwon (born Corey Woods, January 12, 1970, Brooklyn, New York, United States) is an American East Coast rapper and a member of the Wu-Tang Clan. ... “Wu-Tang” redirects here. ...

Sources and translations

Running Press Miniature Edition™ of the 1994 Ralph D. Sawyer translation, printed in 2003

• Sun Tzu translated by Dr Han Hiong Tan (2001). Sun Zi's The Art of War. H H Tan Medical P/L. ISBN 0-9580067-0-9. 
• Sun Tzu translated by Filiquarian Publishing (2006). The Art of War. Filiquarian Publishing. ISBN 1-59986-977-2. 
• Sun Tzu translated by the Denma translation group (2001). The Art of War: the Denma translation. Shambhala Classics. ISBN 1-57062-904-8. 
• Sun Tzu translated by Lionel Giles (2002). The Art of War. Deodand Publishing. ISBN 0-9578868-7-X.  Text link (reprint; Giles translated the book in 1910)
• Sun-Tzu translated by Roger Ames (1993). The Art of Warfare. Random House. ISBN 0-345-36239-X. , includes the Yin-ch'ueh-shan (Silver Sparrow Mountain) texts
• Sun Tzu edited by James Clavell (1983). The Art of War. Delacorte Press. ISBN 0-385-29216-3.  This edition was published as a tie-in with Clavell's Asian Saga; it is essentially a re-working of the Lionel Giles translation.
• Sun Tzu translated by Ralph D. Sawyer (1994). The Art of War. Barnes & Noble. ISBN 1-56619-297-8.  This translation tries to put The Art of War in its original context as a work of military strategy. It also includes a lengthy introduction and translations of some of the "bamboo strips" recovered from the shrine.
• Sun Tzu translated by John Minford (2002). The Art of War. Viking. ISBN 0-670-03156-9.  This translation contains two parts. The first part is a completely unadorned, “raw�?version of the core text. The second part is that same text with Chinese commentators as well as others.
• Sun Tzu translated by Yuan Shibing (1987). Sun Tzu's Art of War: The Modern Chinese Interpretation. Sterling Publishing Co., Inc.. ISBN 0-8069-6638-6. This book is written by General Tao Hanzhang, a senior officer in the People's Liberation Army. He is a senior advisor at the Beijing Institute for International Strategic Studies.
• Sun Tzu translated by Thomas Cleary (1991). The Art Of War. Shambhala Publications. ISBN 0-87773-537-9. 
• Sun Tzu translated by J.H. Huang (1993). The Art of War: The New Translation. Quill William Morrow. ISBN 0-688-12400-3. This text is not a new interpretation of same texts that other editions are based on. Mr. Huang writes a new text based on manuscripts recently discovered in Linyi, China that predates all previous texts by as much as 1000 years.
• Sun Tzu translated by Samuel B. Griffith (1963). The Art of War. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-501476-6. This book is written by Samuel B. Griffith, Brigadier General (retired), U.S. Marine Corps., with a foreword by Sir B. H. Liddell Hart. "Wu Ch'i's Art of War" in six chapters is appended.
• Sun Tzu translated by Donald G. Krause (1995). The Art of War For Executives. Berkely Publishing Group (Under Perigee Books. ISBN 0-399-51902-5. This book written by Donald Krause is interpreted for today's business reader.
• Sun Tzu translated by Ralph D. Sawyer (1995). 100 Lessons In The Art of War. Barnes & Noble. ISBN 0-7607-0998-X. This book by Ralph Sawyer is a culmination on various Chinese strategic texts.
• Sun Tzu translated by Stephen F. Kaufman (1996). The Art of War: The Definitive Interpretation of Sun Tzu's Classic Book of Strategy. Tuttle Publishing. ISBN 0-8048-3080-0.  Aimed mainly (but not exclusively) at the martial artist, Kaufman's rendition of Sun Tzu's work was written from the perspective of a Hanshi ("teacher of teachers").
• Sun Tzu (1988-05). The Art of Strategy, translated by R. L. Wing, Seattle, Washington: Main Street Books. ISBN 0-385-23784-7. 
• Sun Tzu (2003-01-14). The Art of War plus The Ancient Chinese Revealed, translated by Gary Gagliardi, 1st hardcover ed., second printing, hillsborough, Washington: Clearbridge Publishing. ISBN 1-929194-42-0.  Winner of a 2003 Independent Publishers Book Award for Multicultural Nonfiction.[6]
• Sun Tzu translated by Prof. Chow-Hou WEE (2003). Sun Zi Art of War: An Illustrated Translation with Asian Perspectives and Insights. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. ISBN 0-13-100137-X. 
• Sun Tzu translated by Paul Brennan (2007). The Art of War for Martial Artists. Odos Books. 2007. ISBN 978-1-60402-416-6

Image File history File linksMetadata The_Art_of_War_Running_Press. ... Image File history File linksMetadata The_Art_of_War_Running_Press. ... A miniature book is a very small book, sized from . ... Translated the 1910 edition of Sun Tzus Art of War. ... Roger Ames was appointed Chairman and CEO of EMI Records North America on April 24, 2007. ... James Clavell, born Charles Edmund Dumaresq Clavell (10 October 1924 – 7 September 1994) was a British novelist, screenwriter, director and World War II hero and POW. Clavell is best known for his epic Asian Saga series of novels and their televised adaptations, along with such films as The Great Escape... The Asian Saga is a series of six novels written by James Clavell between 1962 and 1993. ... The military historian Basil Liddell Hart. ... Hanshi is a Japanese Shogo title equivalent to the title of Master of Teachers. ...

See also

• Sun Tzu
• List of military writers
• Thirty-Six Strategies, another Chinese strategy book
• Philosophy of war
• On War
• The 33 Strategies of War
• The 48 Laws of Power
• The Book of Five Rings

Sun Tzu (孫子 also commonly written in pinyin: Sūn Zǐ) was the author of The Art of War, an influential ancient Chinese book on military strategy (for the most part not dealing directly with tactics). ... This is a list of military writers, alphabetical by last name. ... The Thirty-Six Strategems (三十六計) is a collection of 36 Chinese proverbs used to illustrate strategems used in politics as well as in civil interaction. ... The Philosophy of war examines war beyond the typical questions of weaponry and strategy, inquiring into the meaning and etiology of war, what war means for humanity and human nature as well as the ethics of war. ... Neo Gomanism Manifesto Special - On War Vom Kriege (complete text available here) is a book on war and military strategy by Prussian general Carl von Clausewitz, written mostly after the Napoleonic wars, between 1816 and 1830, and published posthumously by his wife in 1832. ... The 33 Strategies of War by Robert Greene is a collection of discussions and examples on offensive and defensive strategies, which teaches the reader how to apply these strategies to resolve conflicts in daily life. ... The 48 Laws of Power is a work by Robert Greene and published by Joost Elffers, compared to Machiavellis The Prince,[1] with the main difference being that the audience is not royalty, but the masses. ... Miyamoto Musashi in his prime, wielding two bokken. ...

Notes

Lieutenant General Paul K. Van Riper is a retired officer of the United States Marine Corps. ...

External links

Wikisource has original text related to this article:

The Art of War

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

The Art of War

• The Art of War translated by Lionel Giles (1910), available at Project Gutenberg.
• Art of War - English translation with embedded audio.
• Free Sun Tzu E, Free e-book PDF
• The Art of War Online English Version
• About Sun Tzu and the Art of War, in Chinese and English
• Sun Tzu Said English translation with cross-referenced index, reader comments, online book reader
• Sun Tzu The Art of War Translation by Sonshi with many readers' interpretations
• Sun Tzu the Art of War text (with recorded Mandarin speech), Denma translation
• Sun Tzu and Hollywood on how the appearance of the book in movies influenced the number of books sold
• The Art of War, audio edition Free mp3 downloads Narrated by Michael Scott of ThoughtAudio.com
• Sun Zi's The Art of War text translated by Dr Han Hiong Tan 2001