Queen Scheherazade tells her stories to King Shahryar.

The Book of One Thousand and One Nights (Arabic: كتاب ألف ليلة و ليلة Kitāb 'Alf Layla wa-Layla, Persian: هزار و یک شب Hazār-o Yak Šab, Turkish: Bin Bir Gece Masalları, Urdu: Hazar Aur Eik Ratein Wahli Kitab (also known as The Book of a Thousand Nights and a Night, One Thousand and One Nights, 1001 Arabian Nights, Arabian Nights, The Arabian Nights Entertainments, The Nightly Entertainments or simply The Nights) is a collection of stories compiled over thousands of years by various authors, translators and scholars.These collections of tales trace their roots back to Ancient Arabia and Ancient Persia. Though an original manuscript has never been found several versions date the collection's genesis to somewhere between AD 800-900. Image File history File links Depiction of Queen Scheherazade telling her stories to King Shahryar in The Arabian Nights. ... The term Arabian Nights may refer to: Arabian Nights, the Middle-Eastern literary masterpiece The Book of One Thousand and One Nights. ... Arabic ( or just ) is the largest living member of the Semitic language family in terms of speakers. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Urdu ( , , trans. ... Al Khazneh (Arabic for Treasury), Petra the Nabataean capital Ancient Arabia reffers to the pre-historic region which today consists of the modern-day states of the Arabian peninsula as well as the modern-day countries of Jordan, Israel, Syria, Lebanon and southern & western Iraq. ... Persia is the historical and alternative name for the state of Iran in the European languages. ...

What is common throughout all the editions of The Nights is the initial frame story of the ruler Shahryar and his wife Scheherazade (Persian: شهرزاد) and the framing device incorporated throughout the tales themselves. The stories proceed from this original tale; some are framed within other tales, while others begin and end of their own accord. Some editions contain only a few hundred tales, while others include 1001 or more stories and "nights." The Book of One Thousand and One Nights (كتاب ألف ليلة و ليلة in Arabic or هزار و یک شب in Persian), also known as The book of a Thousand Nights and a Night... Queen Scheherazade tells her stories to King Shahryar. ...

Well known stories from The Nights include "Aladdin," "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves," and "The Seven Voyages of Sinbad the Sailor." Aladdin in the Magic Garden, an illustration by Max Liebert from Ludwig Fuldas Aladin und die Wunderlampe Aladdin (an adaptation of the Arabic name , Arabic: علاء الدين literally nobility of faith) is one of the tales with an Ancient Arabian origin[1] in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights... Ali Baba by Maxfield Parrish (1909). ... Sindbad the Sailor (Arabic: السندباد البحري As-Sindi-baad Al-Bahri) is a. ...

Synopsis

See also: List of stories within The Book of One Thousand and One Nights

The main frame story concerns a king and his new bride. The king, Shahryar, upon discovering his former wife's infidelity had her executed and then declared all women to be unfaithful. He begins to marry a succession of virgins only to execute each one the next morning. Eventually the vizier cannot find any more virgins. Scheherazade, the vizier's daughter, offers herself as the next bride and her father reluctantly agrees. On the night of their marriage, Scheherazade tells the king a tale, but does not end it. The king is thus forced to keep her alive in order to hear the conclusion. The next night, as soon as she finishes the tale, she begins (and only begins) another. So it went for 1,001 nights. This is a list of stories within Richard Francis Burtons translation of The Book of One Thousand and One Nights. ... Queen Scheherazade tells her stories to King Shahryar. ...

The tales vary widely: they include historical tales, love stories, tragedies, comedies, poems, burlesques and Muslim religious legends. Some of the famous stories Scheherazade spins in many Western translations are "Aladdin's Lamp," "Sinbad the Sailor," and the tale of "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" In literary criticism, the term burlesque is employed as a term in genre criticism, to describe any imitative work that derives humor from an incongruous contrast between style and subject. ... Aladdin in the Magic Garden, an illustration by Max Liebert from Ludwig Fuldas Aladin und die Wunderlampe Aladdin (an adaptation of the Arabic name , Arabic: علاء الدين literally nobility of faith) is one of the tales with an Ancient Arabian origin[1] in The Book of One Thousand and One Nights... Sindbad the Sailor (Arabic: السندباد البحري As-Sindi-baad Al-Bahri) is a. ... Ali Baba by Maxfield Parrish (1909). ...

"The Sultan Pardons Scheherazade", by Arthur Boyd Houghton (1836-1875)

Numerous stories depict djinn, magicians, and legendary places, which are often intermingled with real people and geography; the historical caliph Harun al-Rashid is a common protagonist, as are his alleged court poet Abu Nuwas and his vizier, Ja'far al-Barmaki. Sometimes a character in Scheherazade's tale will begin telling other characters a story of his own, and that story may have another one told within it, resulting in a richly-layered narrative texture. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Genie is the English term for the Arabic جني (jinnie). ... For main article see: Caliphate Khalif is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, or global Islamic nation. ... Bold textItalic text == Headline text ==He was born a 4 headed man but 3 of his 4 heads died along with all but one of his 90 hearts. ... A drawing of Abu Nuwas Abu-Nuwas al-Hasan ben Hani al-Hakami (750?–815?) was a renowned Arabic poet. ... Jafar bin Yahya Barmaki (Arabic: ‎, ja`far ben yaḥyā) (767-803) was the son of Harun al-Rashids Vizier Yahya ibn Khalid, from whom he inherited that position. ...

The different versions have different individually detailed endings (in some Scheherazade asks for a pardon, in some the king sees their children and decides not to execute his wife, in some other things happen that make the king distracted) but they all end with the king giving his wife a pardon and sparing her life.

The narrator's standards for what constitutes a cliffhanger seem broader than in modern literature. While in many cases a story is cut off with the hero in danger of losing his life or another kind of deep trouble, in some parts of the full text Scheherazade stops her narration in the middle of an exposition of abstract philosophical principles or complex points of Islamic philosophy, and in one case during a detailed description of human anatomy according to Galen—and in all these cases turns out to be justified in her belief that the king's curiosity about the sequel would buy her another day of life. Galen. ...

History and editions

Early Influences

A page from Kelileh va Demneh dated 1429, from Herat, a Persian translation of the Panchatantra derived from the Arabic version — Kalila wa Dimna — depicts the manipulative jackal-vizier, Dimna, trying to lead his lion-king into war.

The tales in the collection can be traced to the Indian, Persian, and Arab ancient storytelling traditions,^[1] there are Indian and Persian folklore parallels many of these tales.^[2] These tales were probably in circulation before they were collected and codified into a single collection. This work was further shaped by scribes, storytellers, and scholars and evolved into a collection of three distinct layers of storytelling by the 15th century^[1] :- Image File history File links Download high resolution version (734x783, 1023 KB)This 15th century Persian mauscript is kept at the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul, Turkey. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (734x783, 1023 KB)This 15th century Persian mauscript is kept at the Topkapi Palace Museum in Istanbul, Turkey. ... Herāt (Persian: ‎ ) is a city in western Afghanistan, in the province also known as Herāt. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... The Panchatantra [1][2][3] (also spelled Pañcatantra, Sanskrit पञ्चतन्त्र Five Chapters) or Kelileh va Dimneh or Anvar-i-Suhayli [4][5] or The Lights of Canopus (in Persian)[6] or Kalilag and Damnag (in Syriac)[7] or Kalila and Dimna (also Kalilah and Dimnah, Arabic كليلة Ùˆ دمنة Kalila wa Dimna)[8... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Look up Persian in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Languages Arabic other minority languages Religions Predominantly Sunni Islam, as well as Shia Islam, Greek Orthodoxy, Greek Catholicism, Alawite Islam, Druzism, Ibadi Islam, and Judaism Footnotes a Mainly in Antakya. ... Illustration of a 15th century scribe This is about scribe, the profession. ... For the Jim Henson production, see The Storyteller Storytelling is the art of portraying in words, images, and sounds what has happened in real or imagined events. ... A scholar is either a student or someone who has achieved a mastery of some academic discipline, perhaps receiving financial support through a scholarship. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ...

1) Persian tales influenced by Indian folklore and adapted into Arabic by the 10th century.^[1] As a means of recording the passage of time, the 10th century was that century which lasted from 901 to 1000. ...

2) Stories recorded in Baghdad during the 10th century.^[1]

3) Medieval Egyptian folklore.^[1]

The Indian folklore is represented by certain animal stories, which reflect influence from ancient Sanskrit fables. The influence of the Baital Pachisi collections is notable.^[3] The Jataka is a collection of 547 stories, for the most part moral stories with ethical purpose. The Tale of the Bull and the Ass and the linked Tale of the Merchant and his Wife are found in the frame stories of both the Jataka and the Arabian Nights.^[4] The Sanskrit language ( , for short ) is a classical language of India, a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jainism, and one of the 23 official languages of India. ... Baital Pachisi or Vetala Panchvimshati (Twenty five tales of Baital) or Vikram and The Vampire is a collection of tales and legends from India. ... The Jataka stories are a significant body of works about the previous lives of Gautama Buddha. ...

The influence from the folklore of Baghdad is represented by the tales of the Abbasid caliphs; the Cairene influence is made evident by Maruf the cobbler. Tales such as Iram of the columns are based upon the pre-Islamic legends of the Arabian peninsula; motifs are employed from the ancient Mesopotamian tale of Gilgamesh. Possible Greek influences are also noted.^[5] Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... Abbasid Caliphate (Abbasid Khalifat) and contemporary states and empires in 820. ... For main article see: Caliphate Khalif is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, or global Islamic nation. ... Islam (Arabic: ; ( ▶ (help· info)), the submission to God) is a monotheistic faith, one of the Abrahamic religions and the worlds second-largest religion. ... The Arabian Peninsula Emirets towers in United Arab Emirates; the eastern part of Arabian Penisula The Arabian Peninsula (in Arabic: شبه الجزيرة العربية, or جزيرة العرب) is a peninsula in Southwest Asia at the junction of Africa and Asia consisting mainly of desert. ... In literature, a motif is any recurring element that has symbolic significance. ... This is an article about the ancient middle eastern region. ... Gilgamesh, according to the Sumerian king list, was the fifth king of Uruk (Early Dynastic II, first dynasty of Uruk), the son of Lugalbanda, ruling circa 2650 BC. He is also the central character in the Epic of Gilgamesh, which says that his mother was Ninsun, (whom some call Rimat...

Versions

The first European version of the Book of the Thousand and One Nights was translated into French by Antoine Galland from an Arabic text and other sources.^[2] This 12-volume book, Les Mille et une nuits, contes arabes traduits en français ("Thousand and one nights, Arab stories translated into French"), included stories that were not in the original Arabic manuscript. "Aladdin's Lamp" and "Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves" appeared first in Galland's translation and cannot be found in any of the original manuscripts. He wrote that he heard them from a Syrian Christian storyteller from Aleppo, a Maronite scholar whom he called "Hanna." Antoine Galland (April 4, 1646 — February 17, 1715) was a French orientalist and archaeologist, and the first European translator of the Arabian Nights. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      A Christian () is a person who... Aleppo (or Halab Arabic: , ) is a city in northern Syria, capital of the Aleppo Governorate. ... Maronites (Marunoye ܡܪܘܢܝܐܶ; in Syriac, Mâruniyya مارونية in Arabic) are members of an Eastern Catholic Church in full communion with the Pope of Rome. ...

Galland's version of the Nights were immensely popular throughout Europe, and later versions of the Nights were written by Galland's publisher using Galland's name without his consent.

A well known English translation is that by Sir Richard Francis Burton, entitled The Book of the Thousand Nights and a Night (1885). Unlike previous editions his ten-volume translation was not bowdlerized. Though printed in the Victorian era it contained all the erotic nuances of the source material replete with sexual imagery and pederastic allusions added as appendices to the main stories by Burton. Burton circumvented strict Victorian laws on obscene material by printing a private edition for subscribers only rather than publicly publishing the book. His original ten volumes were followed by a further six entitled The Supplemental Nights to the Thousand Nights and a Night, which were printed between 1886 and 1888. Richard Burton, portrait by Frederic Leighton, National Portrait Gallery, London Sir Richard Francis Burton (March 19, 1821 - October 19, 1890), British consul, explorer, translator, and Orientalist, was born at Barham House, Hertfordshire, England. ... Thomas Bowdler (July 11, 1754 РFebruary 24, 1825), an English physician, has become (in)famous as the editor of a childrens edition of William Shakespeare, the Family Shakespeare, in which he endeavoured to remove every thing that could give just offence to the religious and virtuous mind. ... Queen Victoria (shown here on the morning of her accession to the Throne, 20 June 1837) gave her name to the historic era The Victorian era of the United Kingdom marked the height of the British Industrial Revolution and the apex of the British Empire. ... Human sexuality is the expression of sexual feelings. ... Shah Abbas I embracing his wine boy Muhammad Qasim, 1627, Illuminated miniature; The poem reads: Mus̩e du Louvre, Paris For a generalized discussion of relations between men and boys see main article: Pederasty For a period starting in the 800s and ending in the mid 1800s, pederastic...

Poster for a Russian production of 1001 nights.

Recent versions of the Nights include that of the French doctor J. C. Mardrus, translated into English by Powys Mathers, and, notably, a critical edition based on the 14th century Syrian manuscript in the Bibliothèque Nationale, compiled in Arabic by Muhsin Mahdi and rendered into English by Husain Haddawy. Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 577 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 865 pixel, file size: 529 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Before 1931 http://terraincognito. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 × 577 pixelsFull resolution (1200 × 865 pixel, file size: 529 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Before 1931 http://terraincognito. ... Joseph Charles Mardrus (1868 - 1949) was a French physician, and a noted translator. ... Edward Powys Mathers (1892-1939) was a translator and poet, and editor with J. C. Mardrus of The Book of the Thousand Nights and One Night (his English translation of the Mardrus adaptation appeared in 1923). ... This 14th-century statue from south India depicts the gods Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right). ...

In 2005, Brazilian scholar Mamede Mustafa Jarouche started publishing a thorough Portuguese translation of the work, based on the comparative analysis of a series of different Arabic manuscripts. The first two volumes of a planned five- or six-volume set have already been released, comprising the complete Syrian branch of the book. The remaining volumes will be a translation of the later Egyptian branch.^[6]

Timeline

Arabic Manuscript of The Thousand and One Nights back to the 1300s

Scholars have assembled a timeline concerning the publication history of The Nights:^[7][8] Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Events February 22 - Jubilee of Pope Boniface VIII. March 10 - Wardrobe accounts of King Edward I of Englanddo (aka Edward Longshanks) include a reference to a game called creag being played at the town of Newenden in Kent. ...

• Oldest Arabic manuscript (a few handwritten pages) from Syria dating to the early 800s discovered by scholar Nabia Abbott in 1948.

• 900s AD — Mention of The Nights in Ibn Al-Nadim's "Fihrist" (Catalogue of books) in Baghdad. He mentions the book's history and its Persian origins.

• 900s — Second oldest reference to The Nights in Muruj Al-Dhahab (Meadows of Gold) by Al-Masudi.

• 1300s — Existing Syrian manuscript in the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris (contains about 300 tales).

• 1704 — Antoine Galland's French translation is the first European version of The Nights. Later volumes were introduced using Galland's name though the stories were written by unknown persons at the behest of the publisher wanting to capitalize on the popularity of the collection.

• 1706 — An anonymously translated version in English appears in Europe dubbed the "Grub Street" version.

• 1775 — Egyptian version of The Nights called "ZER" (Hermann Zotenberg's Egyptian Recension) with 200 tales (no surviving edition exists).

• 1814 — Calcutta I, the earliest existing Arabic printed version, is published by the British East India Company. A second volume was released in 1818. Both had 100 tales each.

• 1825-1838 — The Breslau/Habicht edition is published in Arabic in 8 volumes. Christian Maxmilian Habicht (born in Breslau, Germany, 1775) collaborated with the Tunisian Murad Al-Najjar and created this edition containing 1001 stories. Using versions of The Nights, tales from Al-Najjar, and other stories from unknown origins Habicht published his version in Arabic and German.

• 1842-1843 — Four additional volumes by Habicht.

• 1835 Bulaq version — These two volumes, printed by the Egyptian government, are the oldest printed (by a publishing house) version of The Nights in Arabic by a non-European. It is primarily a reprinting of the ZER text.

• 1839-1842 — Calcutta II (4 volumes) is published. It claims to be based on an older Egyptian manuscript (which was never found). This version contains many elements and stories from the Habicht edition.

• 1838 — Torrens version in English.

• 1838-1840 — Edward William Lane publishes an English translation. Notable for its exclusion of content Lane found "immoral" and for its anthropological notes on Arab customs by Lane.

• 1882-1884 — John Payne publishes an English version translated entirely from Calcutta II, adding some tales from Calcutta I and Breslau.

• 1885-1888 — Sir Richard Francis Burton publishes an English translation from several sources. His translation accentuated the sexuality of The Nights, versus Lane's bowdlerized translation.

• 1889-1904 — J. C. Mardrus publishes a French version using Bulaq and Calcutta II editions.

• 1984 — Muhsin Mahdi publishes an Arabic translation he says is faithful to the oldest Arabic versions surviving.

• 1990s — Husain Haddawy publishes an English translation of Mahdi.

Ibn al-Nadim (Abu al-Faraj Muhammad ibn Ishaq ibn Muhammad ibn Ishaq), (died September 17, 995 or 998) was an muslim scholar (of either Arab or Persian origin) and bibliographer and the author of the Kitab al-Fihrist. ... Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... Abd al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn Masudi (d. ... The new buildings of the library. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur (Latin: Tossed by the waves, she does not sink) The Eiffel Tower in Paris, as seen from the esplanade du Trocadéro. ... Antoine Galland (April 4, 1646 — February 17, 1715) was a French orientalist and archaeologist, and the first European translator of the Arabian Nights. ... The British East India Company, sometimes referred to as John Company, was the first joint-stock company (the Dutch East India Company was the first to issue public stock). ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Wrocław. ... Edward William Lane (1801 - 1876), Arabic scholar, son of a prebendary of Hereford, where he was born, began life as an engraver, but going to Egypt in search of health, devoted himself to the study of Oriental languages and manners, and adopted the dress and habits of the Egyptian man... Anthropology (from Greek: ἀνθρωπος, anthropos, human being; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is the comparative study of the physical and social characteristics of humanity through the examination of historical and present geographical distribution, cultural history, acculturation, and cultural relationships. ... There have been several well-known people named John Payne, including: John Payne (actor) John Payne (poet). ... Thomas Bowdler (July 11, 1754 – February 24, 1825), an English physician, has become (in)famous as the editor of a childrens edition of William Shakespeare, the Family Shakespeare, in which he endeavoured to remove every thing that could give just offence to the religious and virtuous mind. ...

Literature

Cover of Fables: 1001 Nights of Snowfall

The influence of the versions of the Nights on World Literature is immense. Writers as diverse as Henry Fielding to Naguib Mahfouz have alluded to the work by name in their own literature. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Henry Fielding (April 22, 1707 – October 8, 1754) was an English novelist and dramatist known for his rich earthy humor and satirical prowess and as the author of the novel Tom Jones. ... Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz Naguib Mahfouz (Arabic: ‎, ) (December 11, 1911 – August 30, 2006) was an Egyptian novelist who won the 1988 Nobel Prize for Literature. ...

Examples of this influence include:

• Alexandre Dumas wrote "The Count of Monte Cristo" in which the protagonist is deeply influenced by the Orient and adapts Sinbad the Sailor as an alias.

• Edgar Allan Poe wrote a "Thousand and Second Night" as a separate tale, called "The Thousand and Second Tale of Scheherazade." It depicts the 8th and final voyage of Sinbad the Sailor, along with the various mysteries Sinbad and his crew encounter; the anomalies are then described as footnotes to the story. While the king is uncertain—except in the case of the elephants carrying the world on the back of the turtle—that these mysteries are real, they are actual modern events that occurred in various places during, or before, Poe's lifetime. The story ends with the king in such disgust at the tale Scheherazade has just woven, that he has her executed the very next day.

• Bill Willingham, creator of the comic book series Fables, used the story of The Nights as the basis of his Fables prequel, Fables: 1001 Nights of Snowfall. In the book, Snow White tells the tales of the Fables, magical literary characters, to the sultan in order to avoid her impending death.

• Two notable novels loosely based on The Nights are Arabian Nights and Days by Naguib Mahfouz and When Dreams Travel by Githa Hariharan. The children's book The Storyteller's Daughter by Cameron Dokey is also loosely derived from The Nights.

• The Nights has also inspired poetry in English. Two examples are Alfred Tennyson's poem, "Recollections of the Arabian Nights" (1830) and William Wordsworth's "The Prelude" (1805).

• The Book of One Thousand and One Nights has an estranged cousin: The Manuscript Found in Saragossa, by Jan Potocki. A Polish noble of the late 18th century, he traveled the Orient looking for an original edition of The Nights, but never found it. Upon returning to Europe, he wrote his masterpiece, a multi-leveled frame tale.

• The book is often referenced in numerous works of Jorge Luis Borges.

Alexandre Dumas redirects here. ... The Count of Monte Cristo (French: Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) is an adventure novel by Alexandre Dumas, père. ... Sindbad the Sailor (Arabic: السندباد البحري As-Sindi-baad Al-Bahri) is a. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... Sindbad the Sailor (Arabic: السندباد البحري As-Sindi-baad Al-Bahri) is a. ... Bill Willingham (born December 1956 in Fort Belvoir, Virginia) is an American writer and artist of comic books. ... Fables is a Vertigo comic book series created and written by Bill Willingham. ... For other uses of the term, see fable (disambiguation). ... Snow White in her coffin, Theodor Hosemann, 1852. ... Arabian Nights and Days is a novel by Egyptian writer Naguib Mahfouz, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. ... Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz Naguib Mahfouz (Arabic: ‎, ) (December 11, 1911 – August 30, 2006) was an Egyptian novelist who won the 1988 Nobel Prize for Literature. ... Githa Hariharan is an Indian author and editor. ... Cameron Dokey is an American author. ... Lord Tennyson, Poet Laureate Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson (August 6, 1809 - October 6, 1892) is generally regarded as one of the greatest English poets. ... William Wordsworth (April 7, 1770 – April 23, 1850) was a major English romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads. ... The Prelude is an autobiographical poem in blank verse by the English poet William Wordsworth. ... The Manuscript Found in Saragossa (original French title Manuscrit trouvé à Saragosse, also known in English as Saragossa Manuscript), by the Polish author Jan Potocki (1761-1815), is a frame tale novel from the period of the Napoleonic Wars. ... Noble Family Potocki Coat of Arms PiÅ‚awa Parents StanisÅ‚aw Potocki Anna Teresa OssoliÅ„ska Consorts Julia Lubomirska Konstancja Potocka Children with Julia Lubomirska Alfred Wojciech Potocki Artur Potocki with Konstancja Potocka Bernard Potocki Irena Potocka Teresa Potocka Date of Birth March 3, 1761 Place of Birth Leżajsk... The term the Orient - literally meaning sunrise, east - is traditionally used to refer to Near, Middle, and Far Eastern countries. ... Jorge Luis Borges (August 24, 1899 – June 14, 1986) was an Argentine writer. ...

Film and television

Mili Avital as Scheherazade and Dougray Scott as Shahryar, in the ABC/BBC Miniseries Arabian Nights.

There have been many adaptations of The Nights for both television and cinema. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (450x665, 48 KB)Mili Avital as Scheherazade and Dougray Scott as Shahryar, in the ABC/BBC Miniseries Arabian Nights. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (450x665, 48 KB)Mili Avital as Scheherazade and Dougray Scott as Shahryar, in the ABC/BBC Miniseries Arabian Nights. ... Mili Avital Mili Avital (Hebrew:מילי אביטל) (born 30 March 1972) is an Israeli actress. ... Queen Scheherazade tells her stories to King Shahryar. ... Dougray Scott (born Stephen Scott on November 25, 1965) is a Scottish television and film actor best known in America for playing Ian Hainsworth in Desperate Housewives. ... The Book of One Thousand and One Nights (كتاب ألف ليلة و ليلة in Arabic or هزار و یک شب in Persian), also known as The book of a Thousand Nights and a Night... The American Broadcasting Company ( oftenly known as ABC) operates television and radio networks in the United States and is also shown on basic cable in Canada. ... The British Broadcasting Corporation, which is usually known as the BBC, is the largest broadcasting corporation in the world in terms of audience numbers, employing 26,000 staff in the United Kingdom alone and with a budget of more than GB£4 billion. ... Arabian Nights Poster Arabian Nights is a three hour miniseries that was made by Hallmark Entertainment, originally shown over two nights on April 30, and May 1, 2000 on ABC in the United States and BBC One in the United Kingdom. ...

The atmosphere of The Nights influenced such films as Fritz Lang's 1921 Der müde Tod, the 1924 Hollywood film The Thief of Bagdad starring Douglas Fairbanks, and its 1940 British remake. Several stories served as source material for The Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926), the first surviving feature-length animated film. Friedrich Anton Christian Lang (December 5, 1890 – August 2, 1976) was an Austrian-American film director, screenwriter and occasional film producer, one of the best known émigrés from Germanys school of expressionism. ... Der müde Tod is a 1921 silent film directed in Germany by Fritz Lang. ... See also: 1923 in film 1924 1925 in film 1920s in film years in film film // Events Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) considers making a silent film of The Wizard of Oz. ... ... This is about the 1924 film starring Douglas Fairbanks. ... Douglas Fairbanks (May 23, 1883 – December 12, 1939) was an American actor, screenwriter, director and producer, who became noted for his swashbuckling roles in silent movies such as The Mark of Zorro (1920), The Three Musketeers (1921), Robin Hood (1922), The Thief of Bagdad (1924) and The Black Pirate (1926). ... See also: 1939 in film 1940 1941 in film 1940s in film 1930s in film years in film film // Events February 7 - Walt Disneys animated film Pinocchio is released. ... This is about the 1940 film starring Sabu. ... The Adventures of Prince Achmed (German: ) (Arabic: ‎) is a 1926 feature-length animated film by the German animator Lotte Reiniger. ...

One of Hollywood's first feature films to be based on The Nights was in 1942, with the movie called Arabian Nights. It starred Maria Montez as Scheherazade, Sabu Dastagir as Ali Ben Ali and Jon Hall as Harun al-Rashid. The storyline bears virtually no resemblance to the traditional version of the book. In the film, Scheherazade is a dancer who attempts to overthrow Caliph Harun al-Rashid and marry his brother. After Scheherazade’s initial coup attempt fails and she is sold into slavery, many adventures then ensue. Maria Montez and Jon Hall also starred in the 1944 film Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves. See also: 1941 in film 1942 1943 in film 1940s in film years in film film // Events Carole Lombard is killed in a plane crash when returning from a War Bond tour. ... Maria Montez was the stage name of María África Gracia Antonia Vidal de Santos Silas (June 6, 1912, Barahona, Dominican Republic - September 7, 1951, Paris, France). ... Sabu in The Jungle Book Sabu Dastagir (January 27, 1924 – December 2, 1963) was a motion picture actor known by his first name, Sabu. ... Jon maddog Hall is the Executive Director of Linux International [1], a non-profit association of computer vendors who wish to support and promote the Linux operating system. ... // July 20 - Since You Went Away is released. ... The adventure tale of Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves was added to the traditional collection of The Book of One Thousand and One Nights by its European transcriber, Antoine Galland, an 18th-century French orientalist who had heard it in oral form from a Maronite story-teller from Aleppo. ...

In 1959 UPA released an animated feature about Mr. Magoo, based on 1001 Arabian Nights.

Osamu Tezuka worked on two (very loose) feature film adaptations, the children's film Sinbad no Bōken in 1962 and then Senya Ichiya Monogatari in 1969, an adult-oriented animated feature film. This article is about the manga artist and animator. ... Adult animation is animation that is targeted at adults. ...

The most commercially successful movie based on The Nights was Aladdin, the 1992 animated movie by the Walt Disney Company, which starred the voices of Scott Weinger and Robin Williams. The film led to several sequels and a television series of the same name. This article is about the Disney film. ... This is a list of film-related events in 1992. ... Animation refers to the process in which each frame of a film or movie is produced individually, whether generated as a computer graphic, or by photographing a drawn image, or by repeatedly making small changes to a model (see claymation and stop motion), and then photographing the result. ... Alternate meanings: Disney (disambiguation) The Walt Disney Company (also known as Disney Enterprises, Inc. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Robin McLaurim Williams (born July 21, 1952)[1] is an American actor and comedian. ... Aladdin, Jasmine, Genie, Abu. ...

"The Voyages of Sinbad" has been adapted for television and film several times, most recently in the 2003 animated feature Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas, featuring the voices of Brad Pitt and Catherine Zeta-Jones. Perhaps the most famous Sinbad film was the 1958 movie The Seventh Voyage of Sinbad, produced by the stop-motion animation pioneer Ray Harryhausen. The year 2003 in film involved some significant events. ... Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas is an animated movie produced by DreamWorks SKG and released in 2003. ... William Bradley Brad Pitt(born December 18, 1963) is an American actor and film producer. ... Catherine Zeta-Jones (born 25 September 1969) is a Welsh actress. ... // Events February 16- In the Money is released on this date. ... The 7th Voyage of Sinbad is a 1958 fantasy movie directed by Nathan Juran, and the first of the Sinbad Trilogy, starring Kerwin Matthews as the durable legendary sailor Sinbad. ... Wallace & Gromit is an example of cartoons made with stop-motion animation. ... Ray Harryhausen, with creations from Clash of the Titans. ...

A recent well-received television adaptation was the Emmy award-winning miniseries Arabian Nights, directed by Steve Barron and starring Mili Avital as Scheherazade and Dougray Scott as Shahryar. It was originally shown over two nights on April 30, and May 1, 2000 on ABC in the United States and BBC One in the United Kingdom. An Emmy Award. ... A miniseries (sometimes mini-series), in a serial storytelling medium, is a production which tells a story in a limited number of episodes. ... Arabian Nights Poster Arabian Nights is a three hour miniseries that was made by Hallmark Entertainment, originally shown over two nights on April 30, and May 1, 2000 on ABC in the United States and BBC One in the United Kingdom. ... Steve Barron (born May 4, 1956) is a director and producer, best known for directing the films Coneheads (1993), Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1990) and the innovative music video for a-has Take on Me. ... Mili Avital Mili Avital (Hebrew:מילי אביטל) (born 30 March 1972) is an Israeli actress. ... Dougray Scott (born Stephen Scott on November 25, 1965) is a Scottish television and film actor best known in America for playing Ian Hainsworth in Desperate Housewives. ... is the 120th day of the year (121st in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This is a list of television-related events in 2000. ... The American Broadcasting Company ( oftenly known as ABC) operates television and radio networks in the United States and is also shown on basic cable in Canada. ... BBC One is the primary television channel of the BBC, and the first in the United Kingdom. ...

Other notable versions of The Nights include the famous 1974 Italian movie Il fiore delle mille e una notte by Pier Paolo Pasolini and the 1990 French movie Les 1001 nuits, in which Catherine Zeta-Jones made her debut playing Scheherazade. There are also numerous Bollywood movies inspired by the book, including Aladdin and Sinbad. In this version the two heroes meet and share in each other's adventures; the djinn of the lamp is female, and Aladdin marries her rather than the princess. See also: 1973 in film 1974 1975 in film 1970s in film years in film film // Events February 7 - Blazing Saddles is released in USA May 1 - George Lucas creates the first draft of what would eventually become Star Wars Episode IV: A New Hope. ... Il fiore delle mille e una notte (The flower of the one thousand and one nights) is a 1974 Italian film directed by Pier Paolo Pasolini and is based on the novel The Book of One Thousand and One Nights. ... Pier Paolo Pasolini (March 5, 1922 - November 2, 1975) was an Italian poet, intellectual, film director, and writer. ... The year 1990 in film involved some significant events. ... Catherine Zeta-Jones (born 25 September 1969) is a Welsh actress. ... Bollywood (Hindi: , Urdu: ) is the informal name given to the popular Mumbai-based Hindi language film industry in India. ...

Music

In 1888, Russian composer Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov completed his Op. 35 Scheherazade, in four movements, based upon four of the tales from The Nights: "The Sea and Sinbad's Ship," "The Kalendar Prince," "The Young Prince and The Young Princess," and "Festival at Baghdad." Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov Nikolai Andreyevich Rimsky-Korsakov (Russian: , Nikolaj Andreevič Rimskij-Korsakov), also Nikolay, Nicolai, and Rimsky-Korsakoff, (March 6 (N.S. March 18), 1844 – June 8 (N.S. June 21) 1908) was a Russian composer, one of five Russian composers known as The Five, and was later a... Scheherazade (Шехерезада in Cyrillic, Šekherezada in transliteration), Op. ... In music, a movement is a large division of a larger composition or musical form. ...

There have been several Arabian Nights musicals and operettas, either based on particular tales or drawing on the general atmosphere of the book. Most notable are Chu Chin Chow (1916) and Kismet (1953), not to mention several musicals and innumerable pantomimes on the story of "Aladdin." The Fantasticks is the longest-running musical in history Musical theatre is a form of theatre combining music, songs, spoken dialogue and dance. ... Operetta (literally, little opera) is a performance art-form similar to opera, though it generally deals with less serious topics. ... Chu Chin Chow is a musical comedy written, produced and directed by Oscar Asche, with music by Frederic Norton, based (with minor embelishments) on the story of Ali Baba and the 40 Thieves. ... Kismet is a musical written in 1953 by Robert Wright and George Forrest, adapted from the music of Alexander Borodin. ...

In 1975, the band Renaissance released an album called Scheherazade and Other Stories. The second half of this album consists entirely of the "Song of Scheherazade," an orchestral-rock composition based on the The Nights. Annie Haslam Renaissance were an English progressive rock band popular in the 1970s. ...

In 1999, power metal band Kamelot included a song on their 1999 album The Fourth Legacy called "Nights of Arabia". Power metal is a style of heavy metal music typically with the aim of evoking an epic feel, combining characteristics of traditional metal with thrash metal or speed metal, often within symphonic context. ... Kamelot is a power metal band that incorporates many elements of symphonic and progressive metal into their music. ... The Fourth Legacy is the fourth full-length album released in 2000 by the metal band Kamelot. ...

In 2003, Nordic experimental indie pop group When released an album called Pearl Harvest with lyrics from The Nights. Indie rock is a subgenre of rock music often used to refer to bands that are on small independent record labels or that arent on labels at all. ... When is the musical project of Norwegian artist Lars Pedersen. ...

In 2007, Japanese pop duo BENNIE K released a single titled "1001 Nights," also releasing a music video strongly based around the The Nights. BENNIE K is a J-Urban female duo that consists of rapper CICO and vocalist YUKI, both of whom love American hip-hop music. ...

Games

The Nights is the basis for the story of the video game Sonic and the Secret Rings, which features main characters Tails as Ali Baba, Knuckles as Sinbad, and Doctor Eggman as King Shahryar. The main villain Erazor Djinn was once the "Genie of the Lamp" from the story "Aladdin," who was also responsible for turning King Solomon into a skeleton. Sonic and the Secret Rings, (formerly known by the working title Sonic Wild Fire), is a video game within the Sonic the Hedgehog series that was released exclusively for the Wii on February 20, 2007 in North America, in Europe on March 2, 2007[1] and in Japan on March... Sonic the Hedgehog comics, see Tails (comic character). ... Knuckles the Echidna ) is a video game character within the Sonic the Hedgehog fictional universe of video games, television shows and comics. ... This article or section may contain excessive or improper use of copyrighted images and/or audio files. ... In the fictional universes of the Sonic the Hedgehog series of video games, there are a significant number of villains present. ... It has been suggested that Sulayman be merged into this article or section. ...

The first expansion set for Magic: The Gathering was "Arabian Nights," containing cards based on and inspired by One Thousand and One Nights. Magic: The Gathering (colloq. ...

Jordan Mechner stated that The Nights was an inspiration of his popular Prince of Persia series. Jordan Mechner (born 1960s) is a recognized figure in the video game industry as a visionary game designer. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ...

Notes

Richard Burton, portrait by Frederic Leighton, National Portrait Gallery, London. ...

See also

• List of stories within The Book of One Thousand and One Nights (Stories found in the Richard Francis Burton translation).
• Alasnam
• Domdaniel

This is a list of stories within Richard Francis Burtons translation of The Book of One Thousand and One Nights. ... Richard Burton, portrait by Frederic Leighton, National Portrait Gallery, London. ... Shahryar redirects here. ... There are very few or no other articles that link to this one. ...

External links

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

Arabian Nights

Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to:

One Thousand and One Nights

• The Thousand Nights and a Night in several classic translations, including unexpurgated version by Sir Richard Francis Burton, and John Payne translation, with additional material.
• Stories From One Thousand and One Nights, (Lane and Poole translation): Project Bartleby edition
• The Arabian Nights (includes Lang and (expurgated) Burton translations): Electronic Literature Foundation editions
• Jonathan Scott translation of Arabian Nights
• Notes on the influences and context of the Thousand and One Nights
• The Book of the Thousand and One Nights by John Crocker
• (expurgated) Sir Burton's ~1885 translation, annotated for English study.
• The Arabian Nights by Andrew Lang, available at Project Gutenberg.
• "The Thousand-And-Second Tale of Scheherazade" by Edgar Allan Poe (Wikisource)
• Arabian Nights Six full-color plates of illustrations from the 1001 Nights which are in the public domain
• DFDS Seaways Themed Arabian Nights Short Breaks

• (Arabic) The Tales in Arabic on Wikisource

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Wikiquote is a sister project of Wikipedia, using the same MediaWiki software. ... Project Gutenberg, abbreviated as PG, is a volunteer effort to digitize, archive, and distribute cultural works. ... Edgar Allan Poe (January 19, 1809 – October 7, 1849) was an American poet, short story writer, editor, critic and one of the leaders of the American Romantic Movement. ... The original Wikisource logo. ...

Film and television links

• Arabian Nights (1942) IMDb
• Arabian Nights (Miniseries) Official website
• Il Fiore delle mille e una notte (1974) IMDb
• Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas Official website
• Arabian Fantasy Arabian Nights filmography: 1907-2000